心下型完全性肺静脉异位引流外科治疗的回顾性队列研究

目的比较无内膜接触缝合(Sutureless)手术和传统手术纠治心下型完全性肺静脉异位引流(total anomalous pulmonary venous connection,TAPVC)的效果。方法回顾性分析2014年6月至2019年4月于我院行手术纠治的46例心下型TAVPC患者的临床资料,排除合并单心室、法洛四联症等患者。根据手术方式将患者分为传统手术组和Sutureless手术组。传统手术组35例,男28例(80.0%)、女7例(20.0%),中位年龄21(8,42)d,中位体重3.6(3.0,4.0)kg。Sutureless手术组11例,男8例(72.7%)、女3例(27.3%),中位年龄14(6,22)d,中位体重3.5(2.9,3.6)kg。比较两组手术疗效。结果传统手术组死亡5例(10.9%),其中院内死亡4例(8.7%),晚期死亡1例(2.2%)。传统手术组死亡率(14.3%,5/35)高于Sutureless手术组(0.0%,0/11),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.317)。Cox回归模型分析发现性别(P=0.042)、年龄(P=0.028)、体外循环时间(P=0.007)、主动脉阻断时间(P=0.018)、气管插管时间(P=0.042)是术后死亡的危险因素。中位随访时间为18.00(5.00,37.75)个月。术后发生肺静脉梗阻22例,均为传统手术组患者,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论对于心下型TAPVC,与传统手术相比,Sutureless手术可以降低术后肺静脉梗阻发生率。     

Sutureless技术在新生儿完全性肺静脉异位引流中的应用

目的回顾性评价Sutureless技术在新生儿完全性肺静脉异位引流(total anomalous pulmonary venous connection,TAPVC)的单中心外科矫治情况。方法纳入2002年9月至2015年12月在我院行心上、心下型完全性肺静脉异位引流外科矫治的新生儿患者71例,男57例(80.3%),女14例(19.7%);中位手术年龄是8(1,29)d,中位体重3.3(2.1,4.7)kg。根据Darling分型,其中心上型45例(63.4%),心下型26例(36.6%)。根据手术方式将患者分为传统手术组(29例)和Sutureless技术组(42例),采用倾向性评分匹配两组资料。结果采用倾向性评分匹配后两组术前资料差异无统计学意义。死亡18例(25.4%),其中术后早期死亡11例(15.5%),晚期死亡7例(9.6%)。传统手术组死亡率(58.6%,17/29)高于Sutureless技术组(2.4%,1/42),差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线示两组死亡率差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。随访25.5(1.0~130.0)个月。随访时发生吻合口狭窄12例,其中传统手术组11例(37.9%),Sutureless技术组1例(2.4%),两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。术后发生吻合口狭窄12例,其中8例患儿死亡,其死亡率高于术后吻合口通畅患儿[66.7%(8/12)vs.16.9%(10/59),P=0.001],差异有统计学意义。结论在新生儿TAPVC的矫治中,患者术后死亡与TAPVC术后吻合口狭窄明显相关,与传统手术方式相比,Sutureless技术可有效降低新生儿TAPVC术后吻合口狭窄发生率及死亡率。     

新生儿完全性肺静脉异位引流的矫治及预后相关危险因素分析

目的评价单中心的新生儿完全性肺静脉异位引流(total anomalous pulmonary venous connection,TAPVC)外科矫治情况,评估手术的危险因素。方法纳入2002年9月至2014年3月在我院行TAPVC外科矫治的新生儿患者74例,其中男59例、女15例,中位手术年龄10.5 d。心上型35例(47.3%)、心内型16例(21.6%)、心下型17例(23.0%)、混合型6例(8.1%)。采用Cox多因素分析死亡的危险因素,用Binary logistic回归分析术后吻合口或肺静脉狭窄的危险因素。结果共有18例患儿死亡。不同分型的死亡率:心上型占25.7%(9/35),心内型占18.8%(3/16),心下型占17.6%(3/17),混合型占50.0%(3/6)(P=0.413)。术后早期发生吻合口或肺静脉狭窄13例,心上型占17.1%(6/35),心内型占12.5%(2/16),心下型占17.6%(3/17),混合型占33.3%(2/6)(P=0.700)。术后发生吻合口或肺静脉狭窄21例,10例患儿死亡[47.6%(10/21)vs.15.1%(8/53),P=0.003],差异有统计学意义。手术后死亡的独立影响因素为体重3 kg(P=0.036)。术后吻合口或肺静脉狭窄的发生与使用Sutureless与否(P=0.010)及机械通气时间相关(P=0.000)。结论 Sutureless技术可有效降低术后吻合口或肺静脉狭窄的几率,术后发生吻合口或肺静脉狭窄的患儿死亡率明显增高,体重3 kg是术后死亡的独立危险因素,应引起临床医生的高度重视。     

完全性肺静脉异位引流术后肺静脉狭窄手术干预9例近中期结果北大核心CSCD

目的总结阜外医院过去10年完全性肺静脉异位引流(TAPVC)术后肺静脉狭窄(PVS)患者行再次手术干预的近中期结果。方法纳入2009~2019年于阜外医院完成手术治疗的9例TAPVC术后PVS患者,其中男4例、女5例,手术时年龄(5.10±5.00)岁。根据肺静脉成形手术方式将患者分为2组:无缝线缝合(sutureless)组(n=3)和非无缝线缝合(non-sutureless)组(n=6)。分析患者的临床资料。结果本组患者原发TAPVC类型包括:心上型4例,心内型2例,心下型1例,混合型2例。全组患者中位体外循环时间95(63,208)min,中位主动脉阻断时间58(30,110)min,术后中位ICU滞留时间24(24,2 136)h。早期院内死亡1例(11.1%)。1例(11.1%)合并单心室患者发生住院并发症,术后行血液滤过治疗。随访时间11.9(2.2,18.0)个月,随访期间死亡2例,死因分别为肺静脉再狭窄及脑卒中。Sutureless组与non-sutureless组术后结果及随访结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论外科手术是TAPVC术后出现PVS的有效治疗手段,但仍存在较高的并发症发生率及死亡率,sutureless缝合技术在此类患者中应用的优势仍有待验证。     

新生儿梗阻型完全性肺静脉异位引流的治疗

目的 评估新生儿完全性肺静脉异位引流( TAPVC)不同类型矫治手术方法和预后.方法 1999年至2011年,共收治68例新生儿梗阻型TAPVC急诊手术治疗,平均年龄16天,其中心上型21例,心内型8例,心下型36例和混合型3例.心上型和心下型TAPVC是将肺静脉共汇与左心房后壁作侧侧吻合,心内型TAPVC在心房内将扩大的冠状窦去顶将异位的肺静脉隔入左心房.结果 术后早期死亡2例,占2.9％.随访6个月至3年,经超声心动图随访,肺静脉吻合口均无明显狭窄,血液流速1.10 ～ 1.42 m/s.结论 早期的梗阻型TAPVC的纠治中左心房后壁与肺静脉共汇的侧侧吻合远期效果良好,肺静脉的梗阻情况需要远期进一步随访.     

夜间急诊主动脉夹层手术并不增加住院死亡率

目的分析急性StanfordA型主动脉夹层患者夜间手术与白天手术的疗效差异。方法2004年1月至2013年3月,195例急性StanfordA型主动脉夹层患者在南京医科大学附属南京医院（南京市心血管病医院）接受手术治疗,从白天急诊手术患者（127例）中选出与晚夜间手术患者（68例）倾向指数相同或相近的个体进行配对,共匹配58对患者,包括夜间手术组[n=58,男45例,女13例,（48．3±14．6）岁]和白天手术组[n=58,男43例,女15例,（47．7±14．6）岁]。比较分析两组患者的手术时间、术后胸腔引流量、术后机械通气时间、术后透析率、气管切开率、住ICU时间、住院死亡率。结果夜间手术组患者术后气管切开率[19．0％（11／58）VS．6．9％（4／58）,P=-0．053]、住院死亡率[8．6％（5／58）VS．6．9％（4／58）,P=0．729]与白天手术组相比较差异无统计学意义。夜间手术组与白天手术组比较,前者手术时间延长[（485．7-t-93．5）minVS．（428．5±123．3）min,P=0．048]、术后胸腔引流量偏多[（979．5±235．7）mlVS．（756．6±185．9）ml,P=-0．031]、机械通气时间延长[（67．9±13．8）hVS．（55．7±11．9）h,P=-0．025]、术后透析率增加[17．2％（10／58）VS．5．2％（3／58）,P=0．039]、住ICU时间延长[（89．4±16．2）hVS．（74．8±12．5）h,P=-0．023]。术后随访107例患者,随访时间4～6个月。随访期间无死亡,13例术后透析患者中有12例已经不需要定期行透析治疗。结论夜间急诊主动脉夹层手术并不增加住院死亡率,但是增加术后一些并发症的发生率。无论是夜间还是白天,对急性StanfordA型主动脉夹层患者都应该以更充分地准备、更饱满地精力去积极认真对待,必要时应及时手术治疗。     

中晚期结直肠癌191例腹腔镜与开腹根治术的疗效比较

目的比较分析应用腹腔镜下进展期结直肠癌根治术的可行性、肿瘤根治性及临床疗效。方法分析广东省人民医院2006年6月至2007年12月收治的191例进展期结直肠癌患者的临床资料。结果根据随机数字表进行分组,98例接受腹腔镜手术,93例接受传统开腹手术。腹腔镜手术组中5例（5．1％）中转开腹手术。腹腔镜手术组术中出血量为（87．2±27．1）ml,明显少于传统开腹手术组的（279．5±189．4）ml（P=0．011）。腹腔镜手术组48h内肛门排气和离床活动的患者分别占37．8％（37／98）和30．6％（30／98）,明显高于传统开腹手术组的6．5％（6／93,P=0．000）和3．2％（3／93,P=0．000）。传统开腹手术组术后需要使用麻醉性止痛药止痛的患者占133％（13／98）．明显高于腹腔镜手术组的61．3％（57／93）（P=-0．000）。腹腔镜手术组平均总住院时间为（8．9±5．9）d．明显低于传统开腹手术组（12．1±7．6）d（P=0．036）。两组其他临床因素（性别、年龄、肿瘤部位和TNM分期、手术切除方式、收获淋巴结数目、术后并发症发生率等）比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论进展期结直肠癌行腹腔镜根治术安全可行．能达到与开腹同样的效果。     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗及预后分析(附61例报告)

目的探讨高位胆管癌的外科手术及影响预后的因素,以提高对高位胆管癌的认识。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年12月61例高位胆管癌的外科治疗的临床资料。结果61例高位胆管癌按Bismuth—eorlitte分型,Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲa型10例,Ⅲb型8例,Ⅳ型26例。根治切除31例,姑息手术13例,内引流13例,PTCD4例。根治切除组平均中位生存期29．3个月,其1,3,5年生存率分别为75％,39．3％,3．6％。姑息手术组平均中位生存期18．9个月,1,3,5年生存率分别为72．7％,9．1％,0％。内引流组平均中位生存期4．5个月,1,3,5年生存率分别为20％,0％,0％。根治手术组生存率高于姑息手术组（x^2=14．20,P=0．0002）。姑息手术组术后生存率高于内引流组（x^2=4．68,P=0．0305）。多元回归分析显示,切缘阳性,肿瘤分期,淋巴结转移是影响预后的独立因素。结论外科根治手术是治疗肝门部胆管癌唯一有效的手段。     

慢性阑尾炎腹腔镜与开腹手术疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜手术与开腹手术对治疗慢性阑尾炎的I临床疗效。方法将2000年1月至2005年6月间收治的224例慢性阑尾炎患者按其个人意愿分为腹腔镜手术组（98例）与开腹手术组（126例），对比两组在手术时间、术中出血、住院时间、术中发现和处理的差异，并随访患者术后慢性腹痛的改善情况。结果开腹组手术时间（54．8±21．8）min，腹腔镜组则为（51．8±18．0）min（t=0.80，P〉0．05）；开腹组术中出血（18．6±23．3）ml，腹腔镜组则为（9．8±4．7）ml（t=3．13，P〈0．05）；开腹组住院时间（8．9±5．3）d，腹腔镜组则为（6．8±3．0）d（t=2．66，P〈0．05）。腹腔镜手术组发现有不同程度的腹腔粘连25例（25．5％），其中阑尾与周围粘连9例，回盲部与前侧腹壁粘连6例，大网膜与腹壁及肠管粘连4例，升结肠与周围及腹腔内其他粘连6例，均在术中给予松解：开腹手术组发现阑尾与周围粘连14例（11．1％），松解粘连行阑尾切除术（x^2=7．95，P〈0．05）。术后开腹手术组慢性腹痛发生率24．5％（24／98例），而腹腔镜手术组仅占10．3％（9／87例），两组比较x^2=6．29，P〈0．05；差异有统计学意义。结论腹腔镜手术对慢性阑尾炎的治疗同样具有一定优势，且能降低术后慢性腹痛的发生率。     

放射介入、姑息手术以及姑息手术联合^125I粒子植入治疗晚期胰腺癌临床疗效比较

目的探讨放射介入、姑息手术以及姑息手术联合^125I粒子植入3种方法治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效。方法1994年3月-2005年10月，我院对103例无法切除的胰腺癌分别行放射介入（经肝穿刺置管内引流组，15例），胆肠、胃肠吻合术（姑息手术组，60例）及姑息手术同时行超声引导下^125I粒子植入治疗（姑息手术联合^125I粒子植入组，28例）。结果姑息手术联合^125I粒子植入组术前的疼痛的21例术后疼痛部分缓解率及完全缓解率分别为14．3％（3／21）及76．2％（16／21），显著高于其他2组（x^2=6．305，P=0．012；x^2=4．525，P=0．033）。姑息手术联合^125I粒子植入组的中位生存时间（8个月）显著长于姑息手术组（7个月）及经肝穿刺置管内引流组（2个月）（P=0．0005）。结论对于不能耐受手术的晚期胰腺癌可行经肝穿刺置管内引流治疗，姑息手术联合^125I粒子植入治疗在延长生存期的同时可明显缓解患者的疼痛。     

心上型完全性肺静脉异位引流的单中心治疗结果

目的 分析心上型完全性肺静脉异位引流的手术治疗结果.方法 回顾性分析2014～2019年在本中心行外科手术治疗的98例心上型完全性肺静脉异位引流患者的临床资料,其中男64例、女34例,中位手术年龄3.0(1.5,7.0)个月,中位体重5.0 (4.0,6.0) kg.术前肺静脉梗阻23例(23.5％).传统手术技术治疗...     

Primary sutureless repair for simple total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with a risk of postoperative pulmonary venous stenosis

Late mortality following surgical repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is often associated with pulmonary venous stenosis. We describe here two successful cases of primary sutureless repair for simple TAPVC in patients who had a potential risk of postoperative pulmonary venous stenosis. A 10-day-old neonate with mixed-type TAPVC and a 30-day-old infant with supracardiac TAPVC underwent primary sutureless repair with our modification. In the early follow-up, both patients are now doing well and have no signs of pulmonary venous stenosis. The sutureless repair can be applied as a primary surgical option to prevent postoperative pulmonary venous stenosis in selective patients with simple TAPVC.     

Midterm outcomes of sutureless technique for postoperative pulmonary venous stenosis

Background

The efficacy of a sutureless technique for postoperative pulmonary venous stenosis (PVS) following repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) has been reported, though detailed clinical advantages remain unclear. We retrospectively reviewed our surgical experience, and compared outcomes between conventional procedures and a sutureless technique.

Methods

For relief of postoperative PVS after TAPVC repair, five patients underwent a conventional procedure, such as orifice cutback or resection of a proliferated intima, from 1999 to 2004 (Conventional group, 4 males, median 93 days old, 3.6 kg), then seven underwent a sutureless technique (Sutureless group, 5 males, 119 days old, 3.4 kg) from 2005 to 2011. Patients with a functional single ventricle were excluded. There were no significant differences regarding patient characteristics. Follow-up examinations were completed in all patients.

Results

The rate for cumulative survival at 5 years was 60 % in the Conventional group and 71.4 % in the Sutureless group. Re-stenosis after relief of PVS occurred in 100 % (10/10) of patients in the Conventional group and 31.6 % (6/19) of patients in the Sutureless group (p = 0.0088). For bilateral venous stenosis patients, the survival rate was 66.7 % (4/6) in the Sutureless group and 0 % (0/2) in the Conventional group (p = 0.10). Out of three patients who developed whole 4-vein stenosis, only one in the Sutureless group survived.

Conclusions

Although overall survival rate was similar in both groups, the Sutureless technique for postoperative PVS following TAPVC repair successfully rescued more pulmonary veins without re-stenosis than conventional procedures. Further follow-up may demonstrate therapeutic advantages.     

Current topics in surgery for isolated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Surgical correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) remains a challenge, with reported early mortality rates of up to 20 %. In this review article, we describe several topics, including surgery for neonates, diagnoses with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), and primary sutureless repair. Several studies have reported mortality rates of around 10 %, and demonstrated unchanged hospital mortality in neonates, despite improvement of the overall mortality of cohorts including older patients. Previous reports identified a low body weight at the time of the operation, preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO), and a prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time as risk factors for hospital mortality. With the development of new technologies, MDCT has become a good diagnostic modality for use in the pre- and post-operative evaluation. MDCT delineates the drainage site of the vertical vein and the atypical vessel into the systemic vein, and it can also evaluate the existence of obstruction in the vertical vein. Following favorable experiences with post-repair PVO, the indications for sutureless repair as a primary operation have been expanded for infants, including those at risk of developing PVO after the repair of TAPVC. Primary sutureless repair has proven especially useful for difficult patient groups, such as those with congenital PVO, infracardiac TAPVC with small pulmonary veins, or mixed-type TAPVC.     

In situ pericardium repair of pulmonary venous obstruction after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

A 13-month-old boy with recurrent pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC, Darling IIa + Ia) was treated successfully with in situ pericardium repair consisting of unroofing coronary sinus at 2 months. At 8 months, stenosis of the right upper and lower pulmonary veins (PV) and left lower PV were detected, and PVO was relieved via resection of the stenosis site and recutback. Echocardiography 3 months later showed obstructed bilateral PVs and connection between left PVs and vertical veins. At reoperation, we conducted in situ pericardium repair for right PVO and anastomosed left PVs to the left atrial appendage. The postoperative course was satisfactory. Echocardiography 12 months later showed no evidence of PVO, but cardiac catheterization 12 months later showed mild obstruction on the right side and normal venous drainage on the left. Although the long-term prognosis is unknown, this sutureless technique is effective in recurrent PVO.     

Management of pulmonary venous obstruction after correction of TAPVC: risk factors for adverse outcome.

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) occurs in 0-18% of infants undergoing correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). Limited published data suggest that PVO usually develops within 6 months of primary repair, and that outcomes of reoperations are poor. This study aimed to review our experience of reoperations for PVO post-TAPVC repair and to identify risk factors for adverse outcome. METHODS: Twenty patients underwent reoperation for PVO between 1982 and 2002. Clinical data were reviewed. TAPVC was mostly infracardiac (11 patients). TAPVC was obstructed in nine patients. PVO developed early (<6 months) in seven patients, and late in 13 (>6 months). Time of presentation was unrelated to type of PVO (anastomotic vs. ostial). Repair was accomplished using various techniques (anastomotic enlargement with native atrial tissue, enlargement with pericardium, free or in situ, or other prosthetic material). Follow-up ranged from 1 month to 15 years (average 44 months). RESULTS: Thirteen patients received one reoperation, while seven had multiple reoperations. In 13 patients, PVO was defined as new onset (no obstruction post-TAPVC repair), and in seven patients as residual (minimal obstructive changes post-TAPVC repair that progressed to PVO). Ten patients presented with anastomotic PVO, six with anastomotic and ostial PVO (involving the PVs), three with ostial PVO, and one with coronary sinus-left atrial junction stenosis. Mortality was 25% (5/20). Six of the ten patients with anastomotic PVO underwent one reoperation (2/6 died); the other four developed ostial PVO after reoperation, requiring multiple procedures (2/4 died). Mode of presentation (new onset vs. residual), site of obstruction (anastomotic vs. ostial), preoperative RV pressure (<0.8 vs. >0.8 systemic), number of reoperations (single vs. multiple), residual obstruction (presence or absence), and operative approach (Gore-tex or not) did not seem to affect outcomes. Risk factors for death were early presentation (<6 months) and persistence of pulmonary hypertension after reoperation; early presentation was also a risk factor for multiple reoperations. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the conclusion that early presentation and postoperative pulmonary hypertension have the greatest adverse impact on outcome. Of these, failure to achieve a low-pressure pulmonary vascular system seems to be the variable that most strongly prevents survival. In our series, neither ostial PVO nor multiple re-interventions significantly increased surgical risk. The negative impact of postoperative residual obstruction on outcome was not striking. However, an aggressive surgical approach to this disease is still warranted. Although the role of each technique in obtaining long-lasting relief of PVO remains to be established, the use of artificial material seems unwise.     

Conventional repair of total anomalous venous drainage without primary sutureless technique: surgical tips to prevent pulmonary vein obstruction

Objectives

Although primary sutureless technique for total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage has been introduced to reduce postoperative pulmonary vein obstruction (PVO), controversy still exists about superiority of the procedure between the conventional repair and primary sutureless technique at the initial repair. In our unit, the conventional repair has been consistently used based on four important surgical policies: (1) mark incision lines between 2 chambers to gain anatomically natural alignment, (2) place precise stitches by “intima-to-intima” using monofilament suture, (3) adequate orifice size should be guaranteed in greater than expected mitral valve size, (4) do not hesitate to undertake a redo additional anastomosis by a different approach when an echocardiography shows the velocity more than 1.5 m/s. This study aims to evaluate mid-term outcome of the conventional repair for total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.

Methods

Between 2004 and 2016, consecutive 15 patients who underwent the conventional repair without the primary sutureless technique were included in this study. Survival, Freedom from reoperation, and PVO were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Mean follow-up period was 4.6?±?3.7 years. Except for one patient who died of uncontrollable pleural effusion, all other patients survived with 5-year survival rate of 93.3%. For the 14 survivors, there was no PVO, nor reoperation.

Conclusions

Following these policies, the mid-term outcome of the conventional total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage repair was excellent without the primary sutureless technique showing no obstruction. The conventional repair can be safely applied at the initial operation when the morphological condition allows for it.

     

Surgical treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection —Clinical aspects of pulmonary venous obstruction—

During November 1986 and May 1997, 19 patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) underwent repair surgery. 20 operations including two reoperations were performed. 8 of 19 patients were classified as Darling type Ia, 5 as type IIa, 4 as type III and 2 patients were type IV. Two patients were operated under emergency circumstances within 24 hours after admission, 7 patients were after a short term stabilization of 4.4 days, and the other 11 patients received surgical treatment after a mean of 8.8 days as scheduled cases. For the anostomosis, the common pulmonary venous chamber or the vertical vein was connected with the left atrium in type Ia and III cases; in type IIa and IV cases the cut-back method was performed. Persistent pulmonary hypertension and post-operative pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) affected the post-operative clinical course. Persistent pulmonary hypertension caused the death of one patient with type IIa and III each, just after operation. One type IV patient died 50 days after operation. The autopsy revealed post-operative obstructions of the remote parts of the pulmonary veins on the anostomosis site. Two patients (type IIa, III) successfully underwent reoperation due to PVO. Post-operative cardiac catheterization was performed after 12 month in 12 cases. Persistent pulmonary hypertension was found in 4 patients, and a type III patient was reoperated because of stenosis of the anostomosis site. The other three patients had persistent pulmonary hypertension without any demonstrable PVO. Persistent pulmonary hypertension and PVO are combined as TAPVC complex. The difficulty to reoperated patients with persistent pulmonary hypertension caused by PVO is one major problem. So preoperative prevention of PVO by normalization the morphologic changes of the pulmonary veins by using drugs could be a different view point in TAPVC therapy after the initial operation.     

应用无内膜接触缝合技术治疗心上型全肺静脉异位引流

目的 探讨无内膜接触缝合技术应用于初次心上型全肺静脉异位引流(TAPVC)的外科矫治,以顶防术后肺静脉梗阻发生的可行性.方法 自2007年12月至2008年12月,25例TAPVC病儿接受体外循环下畸形矫治手术,其中心上型TAPVC 9例手术中5例采用无内膜接触缝合技术.男2例,女3例;年龄为2个月～13岁;体重为4.5～21.0 kg,平均(7.9±6.4)kg.手术选择心包斜窦入路,沿共同静脉长轴横向剖开,并将此切口上延至垂直静脉的心包返折处,使用7-0 PDS缝线将左心房后壁切口与共同静脉切口周边的心包组织吻合,通过"控制性出血技术"将肺静脉回流的血液引流进入左心系统;部分结扎垂直静脉.结果 5例采用无内膜接触缝合技术进行外科矫治的病儿全部生存.1例病儿因术前并发双侧肺实变,术后机械辅助呼吸超过7天其他病儿均顺利康复,无并发症.术后行心脏超声随访,随访1～13个月,中位数为7个月,常规随访时间点分别设在出院前、术后3个月、半年及1年.至目前为止,5例病儿肺静脉回流通畅,血流速度0.65～0.85 m/s.结论 在治疗心上型全肺静脉异位引流方面,无内膜接触缝合是一项切实可行、易于操作的外科技术,可以预防术后早期肺静脉梗阻的发生;但其大宗病例的远期疗效,尚有待进一步的研究和探索.