TURis(R)在经尿道前列腺剜除切除术治疗症状性BPH中的应用(附80例报告)

目的:总结TURis(R)双极前列腺电切系统在经尿道前列腺剜除切除术治疗症状性BPH的临床疗效和安全性.方法:回顾性分析自2010年3月～2011年1月采用TURis(R)系统治疗80例患者围手术期及术后3～6个月随访资料.结果:80例症状性BPH患者均完成双极经尿道前列腺剜除切除术,无中转开放手术,无需输血病例.术前前列腺体积(77.43±26.50) ml,血红蛋白(134.41±13.61) g/ml,IPSS评分(25.10±4.81),QOL(4.16±0.91),术前Qmax(6.46±3.86) ml/s,手术时间(122.56±36.22) min,术后3天血红蛋白(122.20±13.29) g/L,术后留置尿管时间(76.10±42.51)h,术前与术后血清钠无明显变化,3个月后残余前列腺体积(30.74±6.55) ml,IPSS评分(10.58±3.52)分,QOL(2.31±1.24)分.尿道外口狭窄发生3例,无后尿道及球部尿道发生,无膀胱颈挛缩发生.结论:TURi(R)系统在经尿道前列腺剜除切除术可安全用于症状性BPH治疗,具有良好的安全性和临床疗效.     

经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切与TURP治疗BPH的疗效比较

目的:比较经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术(PKRP)与经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗BPH的临床疗效及安全性。方法:将164例BPH患者随机均分成PKRP组和TURP组,比较两组术后最大尿流率(Qmax)、剩余尿量(PVR)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)等指标。结果:PKRP组72例、TURP组76例获得随访,随访时间3个月。PKRP组尿道外口狭窄2例,膀胱颈挛缩1例,TURP组尿道外口狭窄6例,膀胱颈挛缩4例;PKRP组Qmax为(22.6±4.6)ml/s,PVR为(8.6±4.4)ml,IPSS为(4.6±1.2)分,QOL为(1.2±0.6)分;TURP组分别为(24.2±4.2)ml/s、(9.6±3.6)ml、(4.4±1.0)分、(1.4±0.8)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PKRP与TURP治疗BPH疗效相近,但PKRP平均手术时间、术中出血量、围手术期及术后并发症较TURP明显减少,手术安全性高,有良好的应用前景。     

TURis在经尿道前列腺剜除切除术治疗症状性BPH中的应用（附80例报告）

目的：总结TURis双极前列腺电切系统在经尿道前列腺剜除切除术治疗症状性BPH的临床疗效和安全性。方法：回顾性分析自2010年3月～2011年1月采用TuRis系统治疗80例患者围手术期及术后3～6个月随访资料。结果：80例症状性BPH患者均完成双极经尿道前列腺剜除切除术,无中转开放手术,无需输血病例。术前前列腺体积（77．43±26．50）ml,血红蛋白（134．41±13．61）g／ml,IPSS评分（25．10±＋4．81）,QOL（4．16±0．91）,术前Qmax（6．46±3．86）ml／s,手术时间（122．56±36．22）min,术后3天血红蛋白（122．20±13．29）g／L,术后留置尿管时间（76．10±42．51）h,术前与术后血清钠无明显变化,3个月后残余前列腺体积（30．74±6．55）ml,IPSS评分（10．58±3．52）分,QOL（2．31±1．24）分。尿道外口狭窄发生3例,无后尿道及球部尿道发生,无膀胱颈挛缩发生。结论：TURis。系统在经尿道前列腺剜除切除术可安全用于症状性BPH治疗,具有良好的安全性和临床疗效。     

经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术联合腔内剜除法治疗BPH 126例

目的:探讨经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术(PKSP TURP)联合腔内剜除法治疗BPH的临床疗效.方法:采用英国Gyrus公司的经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切系统行PKSP TURP联合腔内剜除法治疗BPH 126例,按ROUS标准:前列腺增生Ⅱ度43例、Ⅲ度53例、Ⅳ度30例;前列腺质量37～126 g.观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后留置导尿管时间、手术并发症以及住院时间、术前、术后IPSS评分、QOL评分、RU、Qmax的差异.结果:手术时间25～120 min,平均51.8 min;术中出血量20～130 ml,平均65.4 ml.未发生电切综合征和膀胱穿孔等并发症.术后留置导尿管2～8天,平均住院时间6.9天.全部患者随访3～21个月,IPSS由(23.6±4.9)分下降至(7.0±2.4)分,QOL由(4.2±0.9)分下降至(2.4±0.6)分,RU由(78.64±32.3)ml减少至(28.1±19.4)ml,Qmax由(7.5±3.0)ml/s上升至(24.0±3.0)ml/s,术前后各参数比较,P<0.05.结论:PKSP TURP联合腔内剜除法治疗BPH,具有安全、并发症少、疗效确切等优点.     

经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生效果分析

目的探讨经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切剜除术(TUPKEP)和经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的效果及安全性。方法将80例BPH患者根据不同手术方法分为2组,每组40例,分别实施TUPKEP(研究组)和TURP(对照组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、住院时间、并发症发生率及手术前后最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(RUV)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)和生活质量(QOL)。结果研究组手术时间、术中出血量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、住院时间均优于对照组,术后尿道狭窄、继发性出血、电切综合征等并发症发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术前Qmax、RUV、IPSS以及QOL评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月2组患者Qmax、RUV、IPSS以及QOL评分均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但2组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TUPKEP和TURP治疗BPH,均具有显著效果,但TUPKEP创伤小,术后并发症少,恢复时间短,安全性高。     

经尿道前列腺部分剜除联合等离子切除术在学习曲线内的应用体会

目的:探讨初学者在学习曲线内运用经尿道前列腺部分剜除联合等离子切除术(trans urethral resection prostate,TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床效果及安全性。方法:选用我院2013年1月~2016年9月采用经尿道前列腺部分剜除联合TURP治疗的80例BPH患者进行回顾性研究,并从患者术前术后残余尿量(PVR)、最大尿流率(Q_(max))、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)及国际勃起功能评分表-5(IIEF-5)上进行疗效评估。结果:79例均顺利完成手术,术中出血量(110.5±10.1)ml,手术时间(100.6±16.1)min,切除腺体(63.7±3.6)g,冲洗时间(2.0±0.5)d,留管时间(3.2±0.8)d,住院时间(5.6±1.1)d。与术前相比,术后6个月患者PVR明显减少,Q_(max)明显增加,前列腺症状IPSS、QOL明显好转,IIEF-5评分无明显变化。术后短期内尿失禁患者3例,无真性尿失禁患者。结论:经尿道前列腺部分剜除联合TURP治疗BPH,疗效确切,并发症少,安全有效,对于经尿道前列腺等离子剜除术(PKEP)的初学者在学习曲线内根据自身掌握情况起到了循序渐进的效果。     

经尿道等离子体双极汽化电切术治疗高危前列腺增生症(附69例报告)

目的:探讨治疗高龄并高危BPH的有效治疗方法.方法:采用经尿道等离子体前列腺双极汽化电切术(TUPKVP)治疗高危前列腺增生(BPH)患者69例.结果:69例平均手术时间38 min,平均失血58 ml,切割获取前列腺组织平均重量51 g,无水中毒及尿失禁发生,治疗前国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、剩余尿(PVR)分别为( 27.4± 5.8)分、( 5.0± 0.4)分、( 7.6± 2.1)ml/s、( 133.0± 41.8)ml,治疗后1个月分别为( 17.3± 4.7)分、( 2.9± 0.5)分、( 14.4± 3.2)ml/s、( 16.0± 8.6)ml,治疗前后IPSS、QOL、Qmax、PVR差异有统计学意义.结论:TUPKVP是治疗高龄并高危BPH的安全有效的方法.     

经尿道双极等离子前列腺腔内剜除术治疗前列腺增生220例临床疗效分析

目的观察前列腺增生腔内治疗方法——经尿道双极等离子前列腺腔内剜除法的临床疗效。方法对220例前列腺增生患者行经尿道双极等离子前列腺腔内剜除术,观察手术时间,术中出血量,术后留置导尿管时间,术后并发症,比较手术前后的国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、残余尿量(RU)、最大尿流率(Qmax)的差异。结果手术时间30～90min,平均40±10min;术中出血量70±10ml;术后留置导尿管时间4±0.5d;全部患者随访6～12个月,IPSS由27.8±2.3分下降9.6±2.6、QOL由5.5±0.5减少至1.5±0.5;剩余尿量由110±7ml下降到25±4ml;Qmax由8.0±2.3ml/s上升至18±2.4ml/s。所有病例随访6～12个月。结论经尿道双极等离子前列腺腔内剜除法切除组织彻底,出血少,并发症少,技术可行,疗效确定。     

结扎膀胱前列腺侧血管蒂保留尿道前列腺切除65例体会

目的评价结扎膀胱前列腺侧血管蒂改良保留尿道前列腺切除(Madigan)手术的治疗效果。方法对65例有症状的前列腺增生症(BPH)患者行改良保留尿道前列腺切除术,术后随访1月～1年,通过国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)和最大尿流率观察治疗效果。结果IPSS由术前(25.6±2.1)分降至术后(7.2±1.2)分,Qmax由术前(7.9±2.2)ml/s提高到术后(19.1±2.5)ml/s。结论结扎膀胱前列腺侧血管蒂保留尿道前列腺切除术是可行的,降低了改良保留尿道前列腺切除术的难度。     

经尿道等离子双极电切术治疗高危前列腺增生的临床观察

目的 评价经尿道等离子舣极电切术(TUPKP)治疗高危前列腺增生(BPH)的疗效和安全性.方法 应用TUPKP治疗高危BPH 230例,其中132例剩余尿40～420 ml,长期服药无效,98例反复尿潴留.对体能>4 MET的173例采用标准经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗,<4 MET的57例采用微创TURP治疗,其中12例合并膀胱结石者先用钬激光碎石.对两组手术前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)和剩余尿等临床资料进行分析.结果 两组均无经尿道电切综合征发生.术后3～12个月随访,标准TURP组和微创TURP组IPSS由术前(21.9 ±5.7)分和(23.7±5.0)分降到(4.4±2.3)分和(5.5±2.4)分,剩余尿由(61.8±18.4)ml和(103.9±77.3)ml降到(13.0±6.2)ml和(15.8±6.1)ml,Qmax由术前(5.7±3.0)ml/s和(4.8±2.8)ml/s升到(20.9±6.3)ml/s和(16.8±3.9)ml/s,两组改善情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).但标准TURP组术后IPSS、Qmax和剩余尿的改善程度优于微创TuRP组(P<0.05).结论 应用TUPKP治疗高危BPH患者时,根据不同体能分别采用标准TURP和微创TURP治疗是安全有效的,当体能>4 MET时,最好选用标准TURP.     

经会阴前列腺穿刺与经直肠前列腺穿刺活检在前列腺癌诊断的初探

目的 对比经会阴与经直肠前列腺穿刺活检在前列腺癌诊断中的阳性率及并发症。方法 回顾分析2017年1月到2019年12月行前列腺穿刺活检的病例,经直肠组187例,经会阴组68例。结果 经直肠组阳性穿刺率为34.7%,经会阴组阳性穿刺率为29.4%,两组无统计学差异（P>0.05）。穿刺后经直肠组和经会阴组的血尿发生率分别为40.1%、42.6%,尿潴留发生率分别为6.9%、7.3%,直肠出血发生率分别为1.1%、0%,差别无统计学意义（P>0.05）。穿刺后经直肠组和经会阴组的会阴肿胀的发生率分别为2.6%、13.2%,两组有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 超声引导下经直肠、经会阴前列腺穿刺活检均为前列腺癌诊断的有效方法。两者穿刺阳性率无明显差异,但并发症各有特点。     

前列腺体积与前列腺癌穿刺阳性率的相关性研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨前列腺体积与前列腺癌穿刺阳性率的相关性研究。方法 选取2014年1月至2017年7月经直肠超声引导下行前列腺穿刺活检术的患者，共145例患者。入选标准：前列腺特异性抗原（prostatic specific antigen,PSA）≥10 ng/mL，4 ng/mL≤总的前列腺特异性抗原（total prostatic specific antigen,tPSA）＜10 ng/mL且f/t≤0.16，直肠指检发现前列腺结节，或超声、MRI发现异常影像的患者；排除标准：tPSA＞100 ng/mL，或穿刺病理为非前列腺腺癌的患者。其临床资料包括年龄、tPSA、前列腺体积（prostate volume，PV）、PSA密度等。结果 前列腺体积＜25 mL（Ⅰ度）、25～55 mL（Ⅱ度）和≥55 mL（Ⅲ度）的前列腺穿刺阳性率分别为53%、33%和17%，差异比较有统计学意义（χ²=9.1653，P=0.010）。行Cochran-Armitage趋势检验方法,提示：穿刺阳性率随着前列腺体积的增大而降低，差异比较有统计学意义（Z=2.9948，P=0.003）。多因素logistic回归分析，发现PV是前列腺癌穿刺阳性率的独立危险因素，PV为Ⅰ度相对Ⅲ度的优势比为6.268（95%CI：1.802～21.805，P=0.004）；PV为Ⅱ度相比Ⅲ度的优势比为2.444（95%CI：0.962～6.205，P=0.060）。结论 对tPSA＜100 ng/ mL的患者行前列腺穿刺，前列腺体积越小则是前列腺癌相对高发的危险因素，前列腺癌的穿刺阳性率也越高。     

剥离式经尿道前列腺切除术与经尿道前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生的比较研究

目的:比较经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)与使用专用前列腺增生腺体剥离器行剥离式经尿道前列腺切除术(剥离式TURP,TUERP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的疗效与安全性。方法:BPH患者630例,均具备手术指征,随机分为TURP组(305例)和剥离式TURP组(325例)。术前两组年龄、前列腺体积、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)数值比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。记录两组手术时间、手术切除率、术后需要持续膀胱冲洗时间、术后生活质量评分(QOL)、手术并发症数据,进行统计学分析。结果:手术后的资料分析显示,TUERP手术切除率优于TURP组的手术切除率[(60.1±12.3)%vs(47.0±13.3)%,P0.05)];TUERP组平均手术时间比TURP组短[(40.4±14.2)min vs(57.9±15.9)min,P0.05];术后冲洗时间较短[(2.2±1.1)d vs(2.7±0.6)d,P0.05]。TUERP组手术前后血清Na+和血红蛋白浓度变化无统计学意义,TURP组血清Na+和血红蛋白浓度变化有统计学意义[血Na+:(141.2±3.5)mmol/L vs(136.9±4.7)mmol/L,P0.01,血红蛋白:(137.6±8.8)g/L vs(124.8±9.6)g/L,P0.01]。术后3个月,两组的IPSS评分、QOL评分、Qmax评分均较术前有显著改善(P均0.01),组间比较无显著性差异。(P0.05)。结论:剥离式TURP治疗BPH和TURP比较,具有手术时间短、手术切除率高、术中出血少、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,在临床上有良好的应用前景。     

Systematic prostate biopsy before transurethral resection of the prostate

PURPOSE: With the aim of evaluating the clinical significance of systematic prostate biopsy before transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P), clinical data were reviewed retrospectively in patients who had underwent prostate biopsy prior to scheduled TUR-P. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July, 1994 and June, 2000, TUR-P was scheduled in a total number of 456 patients with clinically diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). RESULTS: In 218 (47.8%) out of 456 cases, prostatic biopsy was conducted prior to TUR-P due to abnormally elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels of 4.0 ng/ml or more, revealing only 22 (10.1%) cases of prostatic cancer. Between these 22 cases with biopsy proven prostatic cancer and 189 cases with BPH confirmed both by biopsy and following TUR-P, statistically significant differences were noted in age (p < 0.05), prostate volume (p < 0.0001) and PSA density (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Considering the low positive rate of preoperative prostatic biopsy, it might be suggested that a considerable number of biopsy could be avoided in patients with clinically diagnosed BPH. Based on the results obtained from this study, prostatic biopsy might be unnecessary before TUR-P for those with prostate volume greater than 60 ml or PSA density less than 0.15.     

Three-dimensional computer-simulated prostate models: lateral prostate biopsies increase the detection rate of prostate cancer

OBJECTIVES: Urologists routinely use the systematic sextant needle biopsy technique to detect prostate cancer. However, recent evidence suggests that this technique has a significant sampling error. We developed a novel three-dimensional (3D) computer-assisted prostate biopsy simulator based on whole-mounted step-sectioned radical prostatectomy specimens to compare the diagnostic accuracy of various prostate needle biopsy protocols. METHODS: We obtained digital images of 201 step-sectioned whole-mounted radical prostatectomy specimens. 3D computer simulation software was developed to accurately depict the anatomy of the prostate and all individual tumor foci. Additional peripheral devices were incorporated into the system to perform interactive prostate biopsies. We obtained 18 biopsies of each prostate model to determine the detection rates of various biopsy protocols. RESULTS: The 10- and 12-pattern biopsy protocols had a 99.0% detection rate; the traditional sextant biopsy protocol rate was only 72.6%. The 5-region biopsy protocol had a 90.5% detection rate and the 14-pattern, which includes all the biopsies used in the patterns above, only added 1 additional positive case (99.5%). Transitional zone and seminal vesicle biopsies did not result in a significantly increased detection rate when added to the patterns above. Only one positive model was obtained when the transitional zone biopsies were added. The lateral sextant pattern had a detection rate of 95.5%, and the 4-pattern lateral biopsy protocol had a 93.5% detection rate. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that all the biopsy protocols that use laterally placed biopsies based on the 5-region anatomic model are superior to the routinely used sextant prostate biopsy pattern. Lateral biopsies in the mid and apical zones of the gland are the most important.     

Prediction of prostate cancer in extended-field biopsies of the prostate

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prediction of prostate cancer using extended-field prostatic biopsies (8-11 cores), as such biopsy protocols are recommended to increase the detection of prostate cancer, and as fewer cancers are missed this should improve the prediction of biopsy outcome from the patients' history, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and serum markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 260 patients were prospectively evaluated and 206 with a total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of < 20 ng/mL were included. All patients were evaluated for age, family history, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), medication for LUTS, previous prostate biopsy, the presence of cysts, a digital rectal examination, calcifications or hypoechoic lesions on TRUS, total and transitional zone volume, total PSA (tPSA), PSA density (tPSAD), total PSA transition zone density (tPSATZD), complexed PSA (cPSA), cPSA density (cPSAD), cPSA transitional zone density (cPSATZD), free/total (f/t)PSA ratio and free/complexed PSA ratio (f/cPSA). Logistic regression was used to predict the outcome; 80% of the patients were used to generate the models and 20% to test the prediction. RESULTS: Two models were constructed; the most accurate contained family history, cPSA, cPSAD, cPSATZD, f/cPSA, PSAD and tPSATZD (sensitivity 91%, specificity 70%). A workable and concise model contained tPSATZD, cPSATZD and f/cPSA, and had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 60%. The best single predictor was tPSATZD with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 55%. Using regression models can produce considerable gains in specificity. This would allow unnecessary prostate biopsies to be avoided for a third of patients compared with tPSA alone. CONCLUSIONS: The present analysis for PSA indices appeared to be slightly more accurate than those in previously published studies. Most of this improvement in diagnostic accuracy was ascribed to the use of an extended-field biopsy protocol. Prostate cancer in a first-degree relative was the only variable that contributed significantly to the regression model. tPSATZD was the best volume-adjusted PSA index. The f/tPSA appeared to be the best test with no volume adjustment, followed by f/cPSA and cPSA. Although the models are cumbersome and expensive for use in general urological practice they could be used to optimize biopsy strategies on the basis of predicted cancer probabilities in screening studies. The cost of the models may compare favourably with tPSA because of the high specificity that can be achieved.