外固定支架加有限内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折

桡骨远端骨折是常见骨折,临床上治疗以手法复位石膏外固定为主．相当于中医的手法复位小夹板外固定治疗。但对不稳定骨折常不能维持复位,出现桡骨短缩及骨折再移位,近年来提倡手术治疗。2006年8月至2008年4月,笔者应用外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折35例．术后取得了满意疗效。现报告如下。     

小夹板联合外固定架治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折

目的探讨小夹板联合外固定支架固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的临床疗效。方法选取自2011年4月至2013年10月收治的桡骨远端不稳定性骨折患者160例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各80例。对照组给予外固定支架治疗,观察组给予外固定支架联合小夹板外固定治疗。观察两组的骨折复位维持情况(桡骨前倾角、尺偏角、缩短恢复情况)、骨折愈合情况,放射学Lidstrom分级,腕关节功能Gartland-Werle评分分级。结果两组治疗前后桡骨前倾角、尺偏角、缩短情况、骨折愈合时间、放射学Lidstrom分级比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组Gartland-Werley腕关节功能评分优良率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=3.745,P0.05)。结论桡骨远端不稳定性骨折复位后外固定支架的早期固定牢固可靠,骨折愈合相对稳定时改用小夹板固定可有效解决患肢的早期功能锻炼问题,两种固定手段相结合获得了较好的临床效果,值得临床推广。     

动力型外固定架治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折

自1997年2月-2003年6月我院对26例桡骨远端不稳定性骨折采用动力型外固定架固定治疗，取得较满意的疗效。     

小夹板结合石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的探讨对桡骨远端骨折患者实施小夹板结合石膏外固定治疗的临床价值。方法选取伊川县中医院2014-01—2017-01间收治的76例桡骨远端骨折患者,按照不同外固定方法分为2组,每组38例。手法复位后予以对照组小夹板固定治疗,对观察组行小夹板结合石膏外固定治疗。比较2组疗效。结果观察组患者术后2周内疼痛评分低于对照组,骨折愈合时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访12个月,末次随访观察患者腕关节功能评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小夹板结合石膏外固定在桡骨远端骨折患者的临床治疗中,具有固定牢靠、疼痛轻、骨折愈合快,腕关节功能恢复效果好等优点。     

伸直型桡骨远端骨折固定体位浅探

[目的]探讨桡骨远端伸直型骨折的固定体位.[方法]2002年9月-2008年8月选择210例桡骨远端伸直型骨折患者,进行多中心对照研究,对照组应用传统夹板掌屈位固定,治疗组塑性弹力夹板中立位固定.对腕关节局部症状、体征按照一定方法计分后,在受伤当日、整复后1周、去除外固定后3个时间点进行总积分比较,借以评价临床疗效.观察周期结束后3个月按照Gartland、Werley评分系统对腕关节功能进行评价.[结果]考虑中心效应差之后,治疗前与治疗后1周末、治疗前与去除固定器后临床总积分比较,均有显著性差异,治疗组优于对照组.两组随访腕关节功能评价有显著性差异,治疗组优于对照组.[结论]采用塑性弹力夹板对桡骨远端伸直型骨折进行中立位固定,对腕关节临床症状、体征和功能的改善均明显好于小夹板掌屈位固定.     

腕功能位固定治疗伸直型桡骨远端骨折疗效观察

目的探讨伸直型桡骨远端骨折手法复位后采用改良腕关节功能位外固定后临床疗效。方法对80例伸直型桡骨远端骨折患者行手法复位后早期采用腕关节功能位石膏托外固定,3周后改为夹板外固定直至临床愈合,观察其临床疗效。结果 80例患者均获随访,随访平均30个月,均获得骨性愈合,愈合时间平均8周;优良率96.3%。结论伸直型桡骨远端骨折手法整复后采用改良的腕关节功能位外固定处理,具有操作简单、固定可靠、并发症少、可早期进行功能锻炼,且经济便廉等优点,值得临床推广使用。     

微创技术治疗伸直型桡骨远端骨折56例

伸直型桡骨远端骨折是老年人的多发病，治疗有闭合复位小夹板或石膏外固定，切开复位解剖钢板内固定等，前者的优点是创伤小，但因外固定效能差，常易发生骨折再移位；后者能够达到骨折解剖复位及可靠固定，但创伤较大，特别是干扰了腕部肌腱的正常解剖关系，尽管骨折在解剖位置愈合，但是常常不能获得满意的功能。我们采用经皮穿针微创技术治疗伸直型桡骨远端骨折，获得了满意疗效，报告如下。     

外固定架治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的疗效评价

对于不稳定性桡骨远端骨折,特别是关节内的骨折,单纯给予石膏外固定很难使关节面得到良好的对位及固定,易造成创伤性关节炎.笔者自2002年2月～2006年12月应用外固定支架治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折20例,疗效良好.现报告如下.     

腕关节外固定支架治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折体会

目的回顾性分析外固定支架治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的疗效。方法自2002年以来,利用外固定支架治疗57例不稳定性桡骨远端骨折,年龄24～71岁,平均43.5岁。骨折按Frykman分型：Ⅴ型9例,Ⅵ型11例,Ⅶ型24例,Ⅷ型13例。结果所有病例均获随访,时间6～15个月,平均10个月。腕关节功能按Dienst评分系统综合评分：优39例,良15例,可3例,优良率94.7%。出现钉道感染2例,无其他并发症的发生。结论外固定支架治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折,具有关节功能恢复好、并发症少的优点,是治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的有效治疗方法。     

桡骨远端骨折的治疗策略

桡骨远端骨折是常见骨折，也是容易受到忽视的骨折，治疗不当会产生明显的功能受限。我们根据桡骨远端骨折的AO分型，对不同骨折类型采取不同的治疗方案，并对患者进行随访，评价治疗效果，进而提出对此骨折的治疗方案。手法复位石膏托外固定适用于AO分型中A型和B1型的桡骨远端骨折。普通AO板钉固定的手术指征主要有3点：①AO分型中的A型骨折手法复位失败者，②AO分型中的B型骨折关节面移位明显者，③AO分型中的C1、C2型和部分C3型骨折。LCP板钉固定适于伴有严重骨质疏松的桡骨远端骨折和AO分型中的C2、C3型骨折。外固定架固定适用于粉碎性而无法行板钉固定的桡骨远端骨折。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。