X线引导下乳腺穿刺活检对触诊阴性病变的诊断意义及其适应证

目的探讨X线引导下乳腺穿刺活检对于临床触诊阴性病变的诊断意义及其适应证。方法对84例乳腺X线摄影发现临床触诊阴性的乳腺病变患者进行术前三维立体钩丝定位术,并取得病理结果。对乳腺影像报告数据系统（BI-RADS）分类不同的良、恶性病变进行统计学分析。结果临床触诊阴性乳腺病变X线摄影表现为钙化、肿块、结构紊乱等。按BI-RADS分类,本组病变为3~5类,且以4类为主,占89.29%（75/84）。4B类与4C类病变恶性率差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.15,P〉0.05）,但显著高于4A类（χ2=101.7,P〈0.05）。结论对BI-RADS分类为4B以上病灶应进行X线引导下乳腺穿刺活检。     

乳腺X线摄影、超声与MRI增强检查在乳腺疾病诊断中的比较

目的:比较乳腺X线摄影、超声与磁共振增强检查在乳腺良恶性病变中的诊断价值。方法:回顾分析2008年1月至2009年1月107例乳腺疾病病人的影像学资料,所有病人均进行乳腺X线摄影、超声与MRI动态增强检查,按照美国放射学会推荐的"乳腺影像报告和数据系统"(BI-RADS)进行分类,以手术病理诊断为金标准,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价不同检查方法及联合检测的价值。结果:107例病人共检出117个病灶,以BI-RADS分级4类以上为检查阳性,结果显示MRI增强检查的灵敏度优于乳腺X线摄影(97.06%比80.88%,P=0.003)和超声(97.06%比88.24%,P=0.049),而其特异度不低于乳腺X线摄影和超声(P=0.274和P=0.798)。ROC分析结果显示,MRI增强检查的曲线下面积明显大于乳腺X线摄影(0.935比0.867,P=0.001)和超声(0.935比0.886,P=0.001),而联合3种检查方法曲线下面积最大,明显大于单独行乳腺X线摄影(P=0.001)、超声(P=0.005)和MRI增强检查(P=0.008)。结论:MRI增强检查在有症状的乳腺疾病病人中的诊断价值高于乳腺X线摄影和超声,联合运用三种检查方法,诊断价值可进一步提高。     

乳腺钼靶X线摄影和B超筛查资料分析

目的探讨乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声检查两种方法对乳腺癌筛查的价值,以寻找适宜的乳腺癌筛查方法。方法对本地35~69岁经初筛后387名可疑乳腺异常的妇女,行乳腺钼靶X线摄影,有异常或不能评估者再用超声检查,超声检查阳性或可疑者行穿刺活检以确定乳腺癌诊断。结果 387例中,腺体成分在5 0%以上者占83.22%,经X线摄影发现有22例阳性,2 2例阳性经B超检查亦为阳性,75例不能评估。75例不能评估者B超检查有3例阳性。行穿刺活检25例,确诊乳腺癌17例,其中2例已达III期以上。钼靶X线发现乳腺癌的敏感性为72.73%,B超为6 8.0%,差异无统计学意义(P0.0 5)。结论本地筛查妇女乳腺大部分为腺体致密型。X线摄影在致密型乳腺的乳腺癌筛查中未呈现出比超声检查的优越性。     

乳腺影像报告与数据系统对临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶分类的价值

目的探讨乳腺影像报告与数据系统(breast imaging reporting and data system,BI-RADS)对于临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶分类的意义及指导乳腺病灶活检的价值。方法由X线摄影发现的触诊阴性乳腺病灶162个,按照美国放射学会制定的第四版BI-RADS对其分类,所有病灶均采用金属线定位活检技术获得组织学诊断。结果全组162个触诊阴性病灶中,确认乳腺癌46个,阳性预测值为28.4%。按照BI-RADS分类,2类病灶11例,其中癌0例;3类病灶55例,癌2例;4类病灶77例,癌29例;5类病灶19例,癌15例;BI-RADS2-5类病灶癌的阳性预测值分别为0%,3.6%,37.7%与78.9%。结论BI-RADS分类大大提高了触诊阴性乳腺病灶影像诊断的特异性,可用于指导活检指征的选择,建议对BI-RADS4类与5类病灶进行活检,以提高触诊阴性乳腺病灶活检的阳性率。     

乳腺X线立体定位活检方法的评价及选择

目的对目前乳腺X线立体定位下常用的3种活检方法进行评价。方法自2000年1月起,对361例乳腺病灶进行乳腺X线立体定位活检,其中弹射式空芯针活检（ST—CNB）73例、真空辅助旋切活检（ST-VAB）74例以及手术活检214例。在中位随访时间为18个月（6～66个月）时,比较3种X线立体定位活检方法的准确性以及临床应用特点。结果乳腺X线立体定位手术活检、ST-CNB和ST—VAB诊断乳腺癌的漏诊率分别为0、2．7％和0。微创活检诊断乳腺导管上皮不典型增生的低估率为33％,诊断乳腺导管内癌的低估率为53％。微创活检在操作时间、对乳房外形的影响及并发症等方面明显优于手术活检。微创活检使69％的可疑病灶避免了手术。结论乳腺X线立体定位微创活检,尤其是真空辅助旋切活检是一种准确、安全、简便的诊断方法,因此可作为乳腺X线中度可疑（BIRADS-4）病灶的首选诊断方法,但如果活检结果为不典型增生应进一步行X线立体定位手术活检;而对于高度可疑（BIRADS-5）病灶,宜直接选择手术活检诊断。     

乳腺X线三维立体定位真空辅助乳腺活检在乳腺X线可疑钙化诊断中的价值北大核心CSCD

目的探讨乳腺X线三维立体定位真空辅助乳腺活检在可疑钙化中的应用价值。方法2016年1月~2018年12月对242例临床不可触及且超声检查阴性,乳腺X线可疑钙化,在乳腺X线三维立体定位下采用EnCor真空辅助乳腺活检系统旋切取活检,利用乳腺X线0°导航位和±15°立体定向确定病灶位置后,从该位置插入旋切刀进行微创旋切取活检。结果242例顺利完成活检,活检病理诊断良性病变205例(非典型病变16例),恶性病变37例(导管原位癌30例,浸润性导管癌7例)。37例恶性病变手术治疗,7例为浸润性导管癌,其中5例钙化完全切除,手术时无肿瘤残留,2例有残余微钙化和残余肿瘤;30例为导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS),其中28例钙化病灶完全切除,2例活检术中有肿瘤残留[手术切除标本示导管内癌伴早期浸润,DCIS升级率为6.7%(2/30)]。11例非典型性病变手术治疗,10例术后病理诊断为腺病,1例升级为DCIS,非典型增生升级率9.0%(1/11);5例非典型病变在3年的随访中无可疑发现。结论乳腺X线立体定位下真空辅助乳腺活检可以较好地应用于可疑钙化的微创活检,值得推广。     

人工智能辅助低年资放射科医师检出乳腺病变

目的观察人工智能(AI)辅助对低年资放射科医师检出乳腺X线片中乳腺病灶的价值。方法回顾性分析73例接受乳腺X线摄影检查的女性患者。由3名低年资放射科医师首先分别阅片,之后于AI辅助下再次阅片,勾画乳腺病灶区域;统计检出病灶数,记录病灶类型及乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)分类。以病理结果或随访最终临床诊断为标准,对比医师单独阅片与AI辅助阅片检出乳腺病灶的敏感度和准确率及对不同类型、不同BI-RADS分类病灶的诊断效能。结果 73例共121个乳腺病灶,其中软组织病灶(包括肿块、结构扭曲与不对称病灶)88个、钙化病灶33个;BI-RADS 2类17个,3类66个,4类及以上38个。与医师单独阅片相比,AI辅助阅片对全部乳腺病灶、特别是软组织病灶的诊断敏感度和准确率均显著提升(P均0.01),而对乳腺钙化病灶的敏感度和准确率差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 AI辅助有助于提高低年资放射科医师检出乳腺X线片中乳腺病灶、尤其软组织病灶的效能。     

年龄对诊断性乳腺超声中BI-RADS分类3-5类病变PPV的影响

目的评估年龄对2013年版乳腺影像报告及资料系统(BI-RADS)在临床诊断性乳腺超声检查中的3-5类病灶的阳性预测值(PPV)的影响。方法回顾中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院2014年6月至2016年6月因临床症状行乳腺超声检查的成年女性病例,筛选最终分类为3～5类且接受活检有最终病理诊断的来自4428例患者的4428个病灶进行分析。所有病例按患者年龄分为三组(年轻组35岁,中年组35～50岁及年长组50岁),计算各BI-RADS分类中三个年龄组的年龄相关PPV并进行比较分析。结果在3类及4类的三个亚类中,PPV均随着年龄增长而逐渐升高。在3类、4A及4B类中,年长组的年龄相关PPV接近或超出相应类别参考范围上界。结论2013版超声BI-RADS分类在乳腺疾病诊断的应用中,3类及4类病灶的PPV与年龄有着显著相关性。在临床应用中,当对年长病人给予最终BI-RADS分类时,应小心谨慎,以防低估。     

超声BI-RADS分类结合CEUS诊断乳腺可疑恶性肿块的价值

目的探讨超声BI-RADS分类结合CEUS诊断乳腺可疑恶性肿块的价值。方法术前对超声BI-RADS分类4类以上的66例患者(共计67个病灶)进行CEUS检查,术后均取得病理结果,比较超声BI-RADS分类、单纯CEUS、以及BI-RADS分类联合CEUS对乳腺可疑恶性肿块诊断价值。结果单纯CEUS诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为71.43%、53.13%、62.69%;超声BI-RADS分类诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为88.57%、56.25%、73.13%;BIRADS分类结合CEUS诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为88.57%、93.75%、91.04%。结论BI-RADS分类联合CEUS可以提高乳腺可疑恶性病灶的诊断准确率。     

自动乳腺全容积成像结合超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统分类诊断常规超声征象不典型的乳腺癌

目的探讨自动乳腺全容积成像(ABVS)联合乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)分类对常规超声恶性征象不典型(BI-RADS分类3类及4A类)乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法对常规超声BI-RADS分类3类及4A类的832例患者共876个乳腺肿块行ABVS。结合ABVS冠状位图像特点对乳腺肿块重新进行BI-RADS分类。与术后病理结果对照,比较常规超声BI-RADS分类与ABVS结合BI-RADS分类为3类、4A类肿块中恶性率的差异;并以BI-RADS分类≥4B类为恶性肿块诊断标准,评价ABVS结合BI-RADS分类诊断乳腺恶性肿块的效能。结果常规超声BI-RADS分类为3类肿块558个,恶性率4.30%(24/558),4A类肿块318个,恶性率11.01%(35/318)。结合ABVS冠状位图像特点重新分类后,3类肿块455个,恶性率0.66%(3/455);4A类肿块176个,恶性率4.55%(8/176);4B类肿块218个,恶性率14.22%(31/218);4C类肿块27个,恶性率62.96%(17/27)。ABVS结合BI-RADS分类为3类、4A类肿块的恶性率明显低于常规超声分类为3类、4A类肿块(χ~2=11.447、5.951,P=0.001、0.015)。ABVS结合BI-RADS分类对恶性肿块的诊断敏感度、特异度及准确率分别为81.36%(48/59)、75.89%(620/817)及76.26%(668/876)。结论 ABVS结合BI-RADS分类对常规超声恶性征象不典型的乳腺癌具有重要诊断价值。     

Positive predictive value of BI-RADS categorization in an Asian population

The Breast Imaging Reporting And Data System (BI-RADS) categorization of mammograms is useful in estimating the risk of malignancy, thereby guiding management decisions. However, in Asian women, in whom breast density is increased, the sensitivity of mammography is correspondingly lower. We sought to determine the positive predictive value of BI-RADS categorization for malignancy in our Asian population and, hence, its value in helping us to choose between the various modalities for breast biopsy. We retrospectively reviewed all patients with occult breast lesions detected on mammography or ultrasound who underwent needle-localization open breast biopsy (NLOB) in our institution over a 6-year period. There were 470 biopsies in 427 patients; 16% of lesions were malignant. The positive predictive value of BI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions for cancer was 0.27 and 0.84, respectively. While most BI-RADS 5 mass lesions were invasive cancers, the majority of calcifications in this category were in situ carcinomas. We conclude that BI-RADS remains useful in aiding decision-making for biopsy in our Asian population. Based on positive predictive values, we recommend percutaneous breast biopsy for initial evaluation of lesions categorized as BI-RADS 4 or less. For BI-RADS 5 lesions with microcalcifications, open surgical biopsy as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure may be more appropriate. In the case of a BI-RADS 5 lesion associated with a mass, initial percutaneous biopsy may be useful for diagnosis, followed by a planned single-stage surgical procedure as necessary.     

结合弹性成像调整超声BI-RADS分级后对乳腺肿块的诊断价值

目的分析超声BI-RADS分级在结合弹性成像并调整分级后对乳腺肿块的诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至12月南方医科大学附属东莞人民医院进行手术或活检获得病理结果的乳腺肿块,比较术前常规超声BI-RADS分级（US-BI-RADS）和结合弹性成像并调整后的BI-RADS分级（UE-BI-RADS）诊断乳腺肿块的价值。 结果US-BI-RADS对3~5级病灶诊断恶性的阳性预测值分别为0.86%、6.80%、26.04%、71.58%、91.25%;UE-BI-RADS分别为0.57%、6.67%、31.91%、79.31%、96.77%。US-BI-RADS诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的敏感度为82.22%,特异度为88.43%,约登指数为0.71,ROC曲线下面积为0.919;UE-BI-RADS诊断的敏感度为87.18%,特异度为88.98%,约登指数为0.76,ROC曲线下面积为0.941。 结论UE-BI-RADS能提高超声对乳腺恶性病变的诊断价值;对US-BI-RADS 4级以上的病灶,有必要进行弹性成像后调整评分。     

MRI引导下乳腺病灶真空辅助穿刺活检术的应用

目的探讨MRI引导真空辅助穿刺活检术在BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变中的应用价值。方法对9例MRI诊断为BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变的患者行MR引导真空辅助穿刺活检术。采用1.5T MR仪,8通道专用乳腺MR活检线圈,乳腺适度加压后固定于定位装置内;定位扫描采用矢状位3D动态增强扫描,将数据传至乳腺活检专用定位工作站,由工作站自动计算活检位置及进针深度。以14.5cm、8G真空辅助活检针进行穿刺。结果 9例中,8例病灶准确定位,并成功取得组织病理结果;1例因病灶位置表浅、工作站不能定位而终止活检。每例取组织6~20条,共取96条;每例操作时间为30~65min。组织病理学结果:乳腺浸润性导管癌2例,腺病3例,导管内乳头状瘤1例,硬化性腺病合并导管扩张1例,腺病伴不典型增生1例。结论 MR引导下乳腺病变真空抽吸活检术用于BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变安全可行,能够取得足够的组织用于病理学评估。     

Breast lumps in pregnant women

Breast lumps detected during pregnancy are generally benign and reflect fibroadenoma, lactating adenoma, cysts, infarction of the breast or galactocele. Although rare, the possibility of breast cancer must also be considered to avoid any delays in diagnosis. After patient questioning and clinical examination, the first imaging modality to use is ultrasound. No further assessment is called for if lesions are categorized as BI-RADS 2 and no suspicious clinical signs are observed. Depending on the clinical setting, lesions classified BI-RADS 3 require monitoring and mammographic assessment (which can be helpful in diagnosing cancer and incurs no risk to the embryo or fetus). If the clinical signs are unclear and/or the lesion(s) are categorized as ≥ BI-RADS 4a, then mammography and often biopsy should be performed. Strict BI-RADS scoring (American College of Radiology) should be applied, bearing in mind that benign lesions can appear suspicious during pregnancy, and some cancers can exhibit what seem to be reassuring characteristics.     

Mammographic breast density and the risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesMammographic density is a well-defined risk factor for breast cancer and having extremely dense breast tissue is associated with a one-to six-fold increased risk of breast cancer. However, it is questioned whether this increased risk estimate is applicable to current breast density classification methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further investigate and clarify the association between mammographic density and breast cancer risk based on current literature.MethodsMedline, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for articles published since 2013, that used BI-RADS lexicon 5th edition and incorporated data on digital mammography. Crude and maximally confounder-adjusted data were pooled in odds ratios (ORs) using random-effects models. Heterogeneity regarding breast cancer risks were investigated using I² statistic, stratified and sensitivity analyses.ResultsNine observational studies were included. Having extremely dense breast tissue (BI-RADS density D) resulted in a 2.11-fold (95% CI 1.84–2.42) increased breast cancer risk compared to having scattered dense breast tissue (BI-RADS density B). Sensitivity analysis showed that when only using data that had adjusted for age and BMI, the breast cancer risk was 1.83-fold (95% CI 1.52–2.21) increased. Both results were statistically significant and homogenous.ConclusionsMammographic breast density BI-RADS D is associated with an approximately two-fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to having BI-RADS density B in general population women. This is a novel and lower risk estimate compared to previously reported and might be explained due to the use of digital mammography and BI-RADS lexicon 5th edition.     

The Gail model predicts breast cancer in women with suspicious radiographic lesions

BACKGROUND: We sought to evaluate whether a woman's 5-year Gail risk adds to the predictive value of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification for the detection of breast cancer. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the BI-RADS classifications and pathology results for all image-guided needle breast biopsy examinations over a 3-year period at our institution. The 5-year Gail risk was calculated for eligible patients. Chi-square analysis was used to compare rates of malignancy based on Gail and BI-RADS scores. RESULTS: A total of 632 image-guided needle biopsy examinations were performed in 609 women. A total of 414 women had suspicious (BI-RADS 4) lesions and underwent 424 biopsy examinations. For this subset, women with a Gail risk of less than 1.7% had 21% malignant results, whereas those with a Gail risk of 1.7% or greater had 42% malignant results (relative risk, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-2.66). CONCLUSIONS: The Gail model can stratify further the risk for breast cancer in women with suspicious breast imaging reports.     

Effect on biopsy technique of the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) for nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) defines a group of patients with mammographic abnormalities in whom stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) is appropriate. DESIGN: A blinded retrospective validation sample. SETTING: A university-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred and nine consecutive patients who underwent fine-wire localization breast biopsy (FWLB) between Jan. 1, 1994, and June 1, 1999, with a known final pathological diagnosis. INTERVENTION: Blinded mammographic review and classification using the BI-RADS; review of corresponding pathological findings from FWLBs. OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation of pathological findings with each BI-RADS category and analysis of the predictive value of clinical and radiologic features. RESULTS: BI-RADS findings were as follows: 0 malignant lesions in 10 category 3 cases, 18 malignant lesions (3 in situ, 15 invasive) in 68 category 4 cases and 24 malignant lesions (8 in situ and 16 invasive) in 31 category 5 cases. There was 1 malignant lesion in 22 category 4 cases in women younger than 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: SCNB should be applied to BI-RADS categories 3 and 4 (< 50 yr of age). FWLB should be reserved for category 4 (> 50 yr of age) and category 5 cases. This algorithm will reduce the morbidity and cost of breast biopsies in patients with nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities.     

触诊阴性乳腺病灶定位切除的适应证选择及预后

目的探讨触诊阴性乳腺病灶定位切除的适应证选择及预后。方法回顾性分析我院1998年3月~2007年12月190例女性209个经金属线定位切除的临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶的临床资料,在未知病理诊断的情况下复阅乳腺钼靶片,根据BI-RADS第四版标准分类,计算各类病灶的阳性预测值,并对归并后的良、恶性倾向组的阳性预测值行χ2检验。结果190例共接受209个触诊阴性乳腺病灶的定位切除,54例55个病灶为恶性,阳性预测值为26.3%(55/209),BI-RADS2、3、4和5类病灶的阳性预测值分别为0%(0/21)、5.3%(4/76)、27.0%(20/74)和81.6%(31/38),恶性倾向组的阳性预测值45.5%(51/112)显著高于良性倾向组的4.1%(4/97)(χ2=45.973,P=0.000)。190例中位随访时间59个月(1~118个月)。55个恶性病灶中,0期和Ⅰ期乳腺癌共45个(81.8%),除1例Ⅲ期患者术后出现对侧淋巴结转移外,其余患者无病生存。结论对于BI-RADS4类和5类病灶应积极行定位切除活检,而BI-RADS2类和3类病灶则以定期随诊为主。经定位切除确诊的临床触诊阴性乳腺癌绝大部分为...