桡骨骨不连继发下尺桡关节脱位的治疗

目的　介绍桡骨骨不连继发下尺桡关节脱位的治疗方法及效果。方法　对 6例桡骨骨不连继发下尺桡关节脱位 ,采用尺骨节段截除术 (3cm以下 ) ,恢复尺桡骨的相对长度使下尺桡关节复位。结果　 6例手术后桡、尺骨愈合时间为 10～ 17周 ,下尺桡关节均得到正确复位。术后随访 1～ 2年 ,前臂旋前 5 9.5°± 3.9°(x± sx,下同 ) ,旋后 79.5°± 3.9°。按 TAM评定标准评定 ,腕关节活动度优 2例 ,良 3例 ,中 1例。结论　尺骨节段截除是治疗桡骨骨不连继发下尺桡关节脱位的有效方法     

不固定下尺桡关节治疗桡骨远端骨折合并下尺桡关节不稳定的病例对照研究

目的：探讨桡骨远端骨折合并下尺桡关节不稳的治疗方式。方法：2007年6月至2009年12月,采取切开复位内固定治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折264例,其中42例术中发现合并下尺桡关节不稳,20例采取克氏针固定下尺桡关节或旋后位石膏外固定治疗（固定组）,22例未行固定（非固定组）。术后对握力和腕关节活动范围进行观察;采用Sarmiento改良的Gaaland-WeAey评分系统（GW评分）对腕部功能进行评估,并测试下尺桡关节稳定性。结果：41例患者均获得1年以上随访,所有患者桡骨远端骨折均在术后3个月内获得愈合,下尺桡关节均对合良好,没有出现明显半脱位或脱位。两组患者的握力、腕关节活动范围及GW评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。l例发生远期下尺桡关节不稳。结论：对桡骨远端骨折合并下尺桡关节不稳定采用锁定钢板固定系统治疗桡骨远端骨折的同时,固定与不固定下尺桡关节临床效果无差异,因此对于合并下尺桡关节不稳的桡骨远端骨折,若桡骨远端骨折能获得满意的解剖复位,不推荐l期固定下尺桡关节。     

青年桡骨远端陈旧性骨折继发下尺桡关节重度脱位的手术治疗

目的 探讨青年桡骨远端陈旧性骨折继发下尺桡关节重度脱位的手术治疗方法.方法 采用短缩尺骨、重建下尺桡关节法,对7例桡骨陈旧性骨折、短缩,下尺桡关节重度脱位患者进行治疗.术后对患者腕关节外形、功能进行随访.结果 所有患者外形恢复良好,功能评价优6例,良1例.结论 短缩尺骨、重建下尺桡关节法是治疗桡骨陈旧性骨折、短缩,下尺桡重度脱位的有效方法.     

桡骨粗隆下截骨术治疗先天性上尺桡关节融合

[目的]研究先天性上尺桡关节融合的治疗方法及疗效。[方法]10例行单侧桡骨粗隆下截骨，术后辅以功能锻炼。[结果]1例因功能锻炼困难，旋后功能不满意，其余9例均获满意的功能。[结论]桡骨粗隆下截骨术辅以较完善的功能锻炼是治疗先天性上尺桡关节融合一个较好的方法。     

桡骨头骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位损伤误诊误治2例报告

目的：分析桡骨头骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位(Essex-Lopresti损伤)误诊误治的原因并探讨合理治疗方法。方法：2008年至2009年治疗2例桡骨头骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位患者,均为男性,年龄分别为56岁、66岁。摔倒致肘部肿胀压痛、前臂旋转受限明显。X线示桡骨小头粉碎性骨折,Mason Ⅲ型1例、Ⅳ型1例。均行桡骨小头切除术,术后常规石膏固定对症处理。结果：2例均出现前臂旋转功能受限明显伴肘关节、下尺桡关节疼痛。X线示下尺桡关节分离明显,桡骨近端移位。结论：Essex-Lopresti损伤早期诊断治疗很重要。在不能有效修复重建骨间膜时,重建桡骨长度的同时对下尺桡关节复位固定是治疗的有效方法。     

带骨间背侧动脉蒂的尺骨远端骨块移植治疗尺,桡骨骨不连接

在解剖研究基础上设计出带村问背侧动脉蒂的尺骨远端骨块移植治疗尺、桡骨骨不连接。通过对７０侧尸体上肢解剖观察，发现骨间背侧动脉在远侧段发出２～３个骨膜支营养尺骨远端。临床应用７例，术中紧贴尺侧腕伸肌桡侧．在其深面游离骨间背侧动脉连同周围１．０ｃｍ深筋膜，直至见到进入民骨的骨膜支，切取风骨远端，将此带血管蒂的尺骨块移植至近端尺、桡骨骨缺损处．随访６～１２个月，３．５个月时均达到骨性愈合。骨块切取后保留了尺骨的连续性和下尺桡关节的完整性，不影响前臂及腕关节的运动。我们为治疗尺、桡骨骨不连接提供了一种新的有效方法。     

截骨延长髂骨植骨治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折并下尺桡关节脱位

目的探讨截骨延长、髂骨块植骨加锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折并下尺桡关节脱位的方法及疗效。方法对30例桡骨远端陈旧性骨折短缩畸形伴下尺桡关节脱位的患者行截骨延长加髂骨块植骨、桡骨远端锁定钢板内固定治疗。结果 30例均获得随访,时间12~15个月。患者腕关节前屈、后伸、尺偏、桡偏、旋前和旋后功能较术前均明显改善(P0.05),术后桡骨短缩、掌倾角及尺偏角与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据Garland-Werley功能评定:优21例,良5例,可2例,差2例,优良率86.7%。术后未出现桡骨高度丢失、内固定失败及骨不连等并发症。结论截骨延长、髂骨块植骨加锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折并下尺桡关节脱位有利于恢复腕关节的正常解剖结构,明显改善腕关节功能,减少创伤性关节炎的发生。     

桡骨远端骨折对下尺桡关节稳定性的影响

目的:分析桡骨远端骨折后腕部功能与下尺桡关节稳定性之间的关系,探讨桡骨远端骨折影响下尺桡关节稳定性的原因。方法:85例桡骨远端骨折患者,男27例,女58例;年龄17~74岁,平均42.3岁。采用手法复位石膏外固定治疗,伤后6~9个月(平均6.7个月)摄腕关节正侧位X线CR片,检查下尺桡关节稳定性,采用Sarmiento改良的Gartland-Werley评分系统(GW评分)对腕部进行功能评估。结果:85例获得6~9个月随访,平均6.7个月。19例有下尺桡关节不稳定。下尺桡关节不稳与放射学检查下尺桡关节情况之间无明显的联系。下尺桡关节不稳的患者GW评分平均为12.37±5.899,稳定的患者GW评分平均为6.85±4.222,差异有统计学意义。尺骨茎突是否骨折其GW评分差异无统计学意义。是否有尺骨茎突骨折其下尺桡关节不稳发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论:明显成角或短缩畸形的桡骨远端骨折损伤三角纤维软骨复合体可能是造成下尺桡关节不稳、影响腕部功能的主要原因。伴随桡骨远端骨折的尺骨茎突骨折对下尺桡关节稳定性无明显影响。     

桡骨远端骨折对下尺桡关节稳定性的影响

目的:分析桡骨远端骨折后腕部功能与下尺桡关节稳定性之间的关系,探讨桡骨远端骨折影响下尺桡关节稳定性的原因.方法:85例桡骨远端骨折患者,男27例,女58例;年龄17～74岁,平均42.3岁.采用手法复位石膏外固定治疗,伤后6～9个月(平均6.7个月)摄腕关节正侧位X线CR片,检查下尺桡关节稳定性,采用Sarmiento改艮的Gartland-Werley评分系统(GW评分)时腕部进行功能评估.结果:85例获得6～9个月随访,平均6.7个月.19例有下尺桡关节不稳定.下尺桡关节不稳与放射学检查下尺桡关节情况之间无明显的联系.下尺桡关节不稳的患者GW评分平均为12.37±5.899,稳定的患者GW评分平均为6.85±4.222,差异有统计学意义.尺骨茎突是否骨折其GW评分差异无统计学意义.是否有尺骨茎突骨折其下尺桡关节不稳发生率比较差异无统计学意义.结论:明显成角或短缩畸形的桡骨远端骨折损伤三角纤维软骨复合体可能是造成下尺桡关节不稳、影响腕部功能的主要原因.伴随桡骨远端骨折的尺骨茎突骨折对下尺桡关节稳定性无明显影响.     

单边外固定架治疗合并下尺桡关节脱位的桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的：介绍一种手法复位欠佳的桡骨远端粉碎性骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位的治疗方法。方法：用Bastiani外固定架撑开固定,手法复位。结果：复位满意,愈合佳,术后腕关节功能恢复好。结论：应用Bastiani外固定架治疗手术复位欠佳的桡骨远端粉碎性骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位,具有较好疗效。     

吻合血管的腓骨近端移植修复桡骨远端骨肿瘤切除术后骨缺损

目的 评价吻合血管的腓骨近端移植修复桡骨远端骨肿瘤切除术后骨缺损的方法及治疗效果.方法 对12例桡骨远端骨肿瘤患者行桡骨远端切除,应用吻合血管的腓骨近端移植修复骨缺损并重建桡腕关节.术后对肢体功能及影像学进行评价.结果 12例患者均获随访,时间1～9年.腕关节平均活动度:掌屈30.3°±6.5°,背伸 52.1°±8.7°,尺偏 19.2°±3.6°,桡偏 12.3°±2.1°,旋前 32.1°±4.2°,旋后 21.2°±3.9°.按Enneking标准评价肢体功能:优4例,良6例,一般2例.移植腓骨均在3～6个月达到骨性愈合.5例出现不同程度的下尺桡关节分离,3例出现桡腕关节半脱位.肿瘤无复发.结论 吻合血管的腓骨近端移植是治疗桡骨远端骨肿瘤切除术后骨缺损的有效方法.     

外固定支架结合掌侧入路治疗桡骨远端关节面骨折

目的探讨外固定支架结合掌侧人路治疗桡骨远端关节面骨折的手术指征及临床疗效。方法2000年3月～2005年3月，收治桡骨远端关节面骨折28例，采用背侧外固定支架固定于功能位，掌侧入路以钢板或克氏针固定；骨皮质粉碎或松质骨压缩者予植骨。其中男21例，女7例；年龄18～54岁，中位年龄41岁。左侧4例，右侧24例。根据AO分型标准：C2型18例，C3型10例。合并月骨周围脱位1例。结果4例失访，24例获随访6～18个月，平均8．5个月。X线片示骨折均愈合，桡骨长度无丢失；掌倾角8～16°，平均11．2°，尺偏角19～28°，平均20．8°，均无丢失。按照改良Mcbride评分和纽约骨科医院腕关节评估标准，优16例，良5例，可3例，优良率87％。结论不稳定桡骨远端骨折以及闭合复位难以纠正者应手术治疗。掌侧入路固定能降低并发症，结合外固定支架可获满意复位及功能。     

An assessment of the results of corrective osteotomy for malunited fractures of the distal radius

INTRODUCTION: Malunion is the most common and serious complications after fracture of the distal radius. Alterations of the normal biomechanics affect function of the wrist, which is associated with pain, disability and, in longer perspective, with arthrosis. Reestablishment of the normal anatomic relationships by corrective osteotomy is one of the most effective ways to prevent this scenario. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive patients, 19 women and 6 men with the mean age of 50 years with malunited fractures of the distal radius underwent corrective osteotomy. Operations were performed at mean of 8 months after precipitated fracture and indications included pain, reduction of wrist movement, loss of grip strength and wrist deformity. Regarding to direction of the dislocation, operations were done through a dorsal (20 patients) or volar (5 patients) approach, post-osteotomy defect in the distal radius was flied with cancellous bone graft form the iliac crest in 20 patients or allogenous bone graft in 5 patients and bone fixation was done with K-wires In 18 patients or with T-plate in 7 patients. The results were assessed at mean of 2 years with two standardized questionnaires: Gartland-Werley and DASH. RESULTS: The average pre-operative DASH score was of 115 points (range 76-132) indicated severe disability of the hand. At the last follow-up assessment it decreased to a mean of 47 points (range 30-100) indicating statistically significant improvement the hand function. In Gartland-Werley scale, 9 patients (36%) achieved excellent, 11 (44%) good, 3 (12%) fair and 2 patients (8%) poor result. Two cases of poor results were caused by complications. Failure of the K-wires bone fixation with concomitant infection caused dislocation of the bone graft and collapse of the distal radius. In the second case, an allogenous bone graft did not heal, but disintegrated, what resulted in the total deformation of the distal radius.     

Role of metaphyseal cancellous bone defect size in secondary displacement in Colles’ fracture

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the metaphyseal cancellous bone defect size in secondary dislocation of Colles’ fracture. Thirty-five patients with a dislocated Colles’ fracture were examined by computed tomography (CT) for metaphyseal bone defects. The size of the defect was assessed and related to the surface area of the cross-section of the distal radius at the site of the defect. The relative size of the defect correlated with the severity of dorsal angulation of the fracture but not with the shortening of the radius seen after cast immobilization. We concluded that secondary displacement of the distal radius is partly mediated through the metaphyseal cancellous bone defect, and to prevent malunion in dorsal angulation, operative treatment or possibly filling of the defect should be considered even as early as during primary reduction if a large defect is suspected. Received: 26 January 1998     

经皮克氏针联合外固定支架治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折

目的探讨经皮克氏针联合外固定之架治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的临床疗效。方法2003年9月～2007年9月采用经皮克氏针联合外固定支架治疗43例桡骨远端不稳定性骨折。按AO分类均属C型骨折：C1型10例,C2型21例,C3型12例。术中先在桡骨桡背侧及第二掌骨上打入2枚外固定之架螺钉,C形臂透视下手法复位后,安装外固定之架。对于关节面或骨块间不平整、有明显碎骨块且无法通过手法牵引复位者,用克氏针在透视下撬拨骨折片,若骨折块复位后不稳定,经皮克氏针固定。对有骨缺损者,小切口植骨。结果43例术中全部达到解剖复位。手术时间43～121min,平均62.4min。术中出血量6～30ml,平均15.3ml。术后住院时间3～14d,平均5.5d。43例随访6～24个月,平均12个月,均获得骨折愈合且对位良好,术后腕关节活动范围明显改善,疗效依照Dienst功能评估标准进行评定：优30例,良8例,可5例,优良率88.4%（38/43）。结论经皮克氏针有限内固定联合外固定支架治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折操作简单,固定可靠,疗效满意。     

吻合膝下外侧动脉的腓骨头移植重建桡腕关节

目的　探索采用吻合膝下外侧动脉的腓骨头移植重建桡腕关节 ,治疗桡骨远端骨缺损的可行性。　方法　对 1999年 10月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月收治的 3例男性桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤行瘤体切除术 ,其中骨巨细胞瘤 期 2例 , ～ 期 1例。瘤段切除长度为 7～ 8cm。采用吻合膝下外侧动脉的腓骨头移植 ,重建远端桡腕关节。　结果　 3例术后获随访 6～ 18个月 ,4个月内均达骨性愈合 ,肿瘤无复发 ,腕关节功能良好 ,旋前 35～ 70°,旋后 4 5～ 6 0°,掌屈及背伸 35～6 0°。　结论　吻合膝下外侧动脉的腓骨头移植替代缺失的桡骨 ,可根据桡骨肿瘤范围切取其长度 ,是一种损伤小、操作简便、疗效可靠的方法。     

外固定架在桡骨远端不稳定骨折治疗中的应用

目的 总结桡骨远端不稳定骨折外固定架治疗的效果。方法 本组28例均采用外固定架固定，其中19例应用克氏针固定，4例因骨缺损较严重同时植骨。结果 随访时间3—22个月，按改良的Mcbride评分标准，远期疗效优良者25例，优良率89．28％。结论 桡骨远端不稳定骨折手法复位较困难，并因石膏外固定难以维持复位而常发生再移位。这类骨折应尽早手术复位，外固定架固定是理想的手术方法之一，术后配合合理有效的功能锻炼，可以获得较好的效果。对远期功能影响最大的因素是桡骨短缩程度和关节解剖复位的满意程度。     

Posttraumatic radial club hand

Fifteen adult patients with an unstable ununited fracture of the distal third of the radius and severe radial deviation deformity resembling a radial club hand were retrospectively reviewed at an average of 25 months after operative treatment. There were eight women and seven men with an average age of 57 years (range, 33-79 years). The average duration of nonunion was 56 months (range, 6-252 months). Six patients had a concomitant fracture of the ulna and four had dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Three patients were treated with wrist arthrodesis and 12 with plate fixation and autogenous bone grafting. The distal ulna was excised and used for bone graft in eight patients. Correction of deformity was facilitated by z-lengthening of the brachioradialis and flexor carpal radialis in four patients and distraction histogenesis (llizarov) in two patients. One patient failed to heal the fracture and was treated with wrist arthrodesis. Functional alignment and use of the hand was restored in all patients.     

Osteoarticular allograft reconstruction of the distal radius after bone tumour resection

Resection of the distal end of the radius is indicated in the treatment of locally aggressive primary benign and malignant bone tumours. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technique of osteoarticular allograft reconstruction of this bone defect. We analysed 12 patients retrospectively with a minimum follow-up of 2 years (range 26-145 months, median 52 months). Three patients had a malignant tumour and nine had a giant cell tumour. The patients ages ranged from 13 to 65 years. The mean resected length of the radius was 6.6 (range 4-14)cm. Non-union of the osteotomy line was diagnosed 6 months after surgery in one case and needed bone grafting. Distal radio-ulnar joint instability was observed in eight cases. Subchondral bone alterations and joint narrowing were present in all cases but were painful in only one patient. The mean range of motion was 51 degrees of flexion and 37 degrees of extension.     

Transverse divergent dislocation of the elbow

A girl 6 years 5 months old sustained a rare transverse (mediolateral) divergent dislocation of the elbow and was treated by closed reduction. The arm was immobilized in a cast. Followup was 7 years 5 months. Five years after injury, the patient had recurrent popping on the lateral aspect of the injured elbow during active flexion from complete extension and tenderness on the anterior aspect of the radiohumeral joint. To determine the exact anatomic relation of the proximal radius and ulna to each other and to the distal humerus after transverse dislocation, a skeleton of the elbow was assembled in the dislocated position, and multiple radiographs and photographs were taken and compared with the radiographs of the patient's injured elbow. This showed that the ulna was displaced posteromedially, with the coronoid process impinged against the distal and medial portions of the trochlea, and that the radial head was displaced lateral to the capitellum, anterior and distal to the lateral epicondyle. The distal end of the humerus was caught by the radius and the ulna and was rotated anteriorly and laterally, primarily by the displaced coronoid process. Because of this rotation of the humerus, the lateral radiograph of the elbow gave the impression that the head of the radius was displaced posteriorly.