钛制弹性髓内针在成人锁骨中段骨折中的应用

目的:探讨弹性髓内针治疗锁骨中段骨折的手术技巧、注意事项和并发症,评价治疗效果。方法:2006年6月至2009年1月收集锁骨中段完全移位性骨折28例,男19例,女9例;年龄19～67岁,平均39.0岁;左侧14例,右侧14例;简单骨折15例,楔形骨折8例,粉碎型骨折5例;平均病程2.9 d。术前患者肩部肿胀畸形,上臂贴胸不能活动,X线片示锁骨中段完全移位性骨折。术前平均缩短率6.76%,骨折愈合后测量锁骨长度,肩部功能采用Constant和Murley肩关节评分,上肢活动障碍程度采用DASH(Disability of the Arm,Shoulder,and Hand)评分。结果:钛制弹性髓内针闭合治疗26例,开放复位穿钉2例,均获得满意解剖复位。平均随访时间10个月,骨折平均愈合时间11.5周,无严重并发症发生。愈合后锁骨平均缩短率3.38%,较术前改善。Constant和Murley肩关节评分平均(97.0±4.2)分,DASH评分平均(3.4±4.8)分。患者对功能和外观满意。结论:钛制弹性髓内针治疗锁骨中段骨折具有诸多优点,可作为钢板治疗和非手术治疗替代方法。     

成人锁骨中段移位骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨切开复位内固定治疗成人锁骨中段移位骨折的疗效.方法 2006年1月至2010年12月手术治疗118例成人单纯锁骨中段移位骨折,男93例,女25例;年龄18～85岁,平均47.6岁.骨折按Robinson分类:2A2型4侧,2B1型61侧,2B2型55侧,均为闭合性骨折.均行切开复位,用重建接骨板固定,7例于骨折处植骨.按美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)肩关节评分标准(Ellman法)评定术后功能.结果 107例患者术后获6～43个月(平均16.0个月)随访.伤口均一期愈合,无感染发生.骨折均获骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为10周.3例出现内固定失效.按UCLA肩关节评分标准(Ellman法)评定术后功能:优56例,良47例,可4例,优良率为96.3％.结论 对于成人锁骨中段移位骨折,一期采用切开复位、接骨板内固定疗效较好.     

锁骨中段骨折髓内针治疗的临床分析

目的探讨髓内针治疗锁骨中段骨折的临床效果。方法自1995年5月～2005年5月,笔者采用克氏针近远端穿针治疗锁骨中段骨折1100例,对其结果进行分析。其中,近端穿针351例,远端穿针749例。根据复位质量、骨愈合时间、肩关节功能、外观畸形、局部疼痛,以及体力劳动等情况评定疗效。结果690例获得随访,随访时间3～40个月,平均7个月。骨折愈合时间7～13周,平均8周。近端穿针固定组:优200例,良65例,可25例。远端穿针固定组:优260例,良80例,可40例,差20例。近端穿针固定组优于远端穿针固定组(P<0.05)。结论采用锁骨近端穿针治疗锁骨中段骨折具有创伤小、效果好、并发症少及肩关节功能恢复快等优点。     

辅助微型钢板联合LCP治疗粉碎性锁骨中段骨折

目的探讨采用前侧辅助微型钢板联合锁定加压钢板(locking compression plates,LCP)固定治疗粉碎性锁骨中段骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年12月采用辅助微型钢板联合LCP治疗并获得随访的13例粉碎性锁骨中段骨折患者,男9例,女4例;年龄20~51岁,平均(32.7±8.8)岁。OTA分型15B2型8例,15B3型5例。所有患者均手术切开复位,锁骨前侧采用2.0mm系统微型钢板辅助复位并固定粉碎骨块,锁骨上方采用LCP固定,术中均达到解剖复位。术后吊带悬吊患肢2周后即开始肩关节功能锻炼,术后1、3、6、12个月,之后每隔6个月复查,摄锁骨正位X线片,采用Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分及疼痛视觉模拟评分评估肢体功能,同时记录骨折愈合时间和术后并发症情况。结果 13例患者随访12~24个月,平均(16.6±5.0)个月。所有患者均骨性愈合,愈合时间2~6个月,平均(3.5±1.3)个月,未出现畸形愈合及骨不愈合。疼痛视觉模拟评分0~3分,平均(1.6±1.2)分。末次随访时Constant-Murley评分85~95分,平均(90.4±3.4)分,其中优9例,良4例,优良率100%。结论采用辅助微型钢板联合LCP治疗粉碎性锁骨中段骨折可以帮助术中解剖复位,增强骨折固定的强度和稳定性,术后随访取得了良好的临床疗效,为处理复杂粉碎性锁骨中段骨折提供了一种可靠的治疗选择。     

透视下锁骨中段骨折闭合复位骨圆针内固定的治疗体会

目的:探讨透视下锁骨中段骨折闭合复位骨圆针内固定的治疗效果及体会。方法:麻醉后,在C型臂照射X线透视监视下,进行闭合复位骨圆针内固定治疗,术后患肢悬吊4周,并行手腕肘功能练习,4周后渐行肩关节不负重功能锻炼。结果:全部病例均于8周内达临床愈合,12～16周骨性愈合拔除骨圆针。优72例,良8例,可3例,优良率达96%。结论:经皮骨圆针内固定治疗锁骨中段骨折是微创手术在骨折治疗中的体现,效果显著。     

学龄前儿童锁骨中段骨折的治疗策略

目的探讨非手术治疗学龄前儿童锁骨中段骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-12—2019-12采用非手术治疗的52例学龄前儿童锁骨中段骨折的病例,记录并发症情况及末次随访时疗效、患侧肩关节Constant-Murley评分。结果 52例均顺利获得完整随访,随访时间3～18个月,平均12.3月。52例均获得骨性愈合,无明显畸形愈合,无骨不连及假关节形成,未出现胸廓出口综合征。末次随访时疗效:优48例,良4例;患侧肩关节Constant-Murley日常活动评分均为20.0分;活动范围评分38～40分,平均39.5分;力量评分均为25.0分。结论非手术治疗学龄前儿童锁骨中段骨折可以取得良好的预后,并能减轻经济负担,节约医疗资源。     

应用锁定钢板经三角肌劈开入路治疗NeerⅡ型肱骨近端骨折

目的 探讨应用锁定钢板经三角肌劈开入路治疗移位的NeerⅡ型肱骨近端骨折的可行性及临床效果. 方法 2005年1月至2010年12月应用锁定钢板经三角肌劈开入路治疗23例移位的NeerⅡ型肱骨近端骨折患者,男10例,女13例;年龄52 ～ 74岁,平均65.1岁.骨折按Neer分型:均为Ⅱ型肱骨近端骨折.对骨折复位和内固定物位置进行观察和随访,记录骨折愈合时间、肩关节功能评分,并将肩关节外展功能与健侧进行比较. 结果 23例患者术后获12 ～ 27个月(平均18.8个月)随访.术后切口均获一期愈合,X线片示所有螺钉位置良好,骨折复位满意.骨折愈合时间为8～20周,平均10.8周,未发生腋神经损伤、肱骨头坏死及肩峰下撞击综合征等并发症,末次随访时肩关节活动范围平均为:外展84.4°±3.5°,前屈上举169.1°±6.7°,外旋42.2°±2.5°,内旋达T9水平;Neer评分平均为(89.9±7.5)分,优17例,良3例,可3例,优良率为87.0％.肩关节外展功能与健侧比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.550,P=0.140). 结论 应用锁定钢板经三角肌劈开入路治疗移位的NeerⅡ型肱骨近端骨折,固定牢靠,降低了软组织和骨折残留血供的破坏,减少关节周围瘢痕的形成,可早期关节功能锻炼,是一种安全有效的微创治疗方法.     

平乐郭氏正骨法联合经皮弹性髓内钉内固定治疗青少年锁骨中段严重移位骨折

目的探讨平乐郭氏正骨法联合经皮弹性髓内钉内固定治疗青少年锁骨中段严重移位骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2017-06—2019-06采用平乐郭氏正骨法联合经皮弹性髓内钉内固定治疗的33例青少年锁骨中段严重移位骨折,比较末次随访时患侧与健侧Constant肩关节功能评分。结果 33例均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均13.5个月。取出髓内钉时间为术后13~20周,平均15.8周。32例骨折均愈合且塑形良好,未出现感染、骨折畸形愈合、骨不连、弹性髓内钉松动断裂等并发症,2例出现钉尾部皮肤软组织激惹,经处理后切口愈合。末次随访时患侧与健侧Constant肩关节功能评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);按X线片标准评价疗效:优30例,良2例,可1例。结论平乐郭氏正骨法联合经皮弹性髓内钉内固定治疗青少年锁骨中段严重移位骨折安全有效,感染率低,愈合及塑形时间短,值得在临床推广应用。     

弹性髓内针固定治疗大龄儿童移位型锁骨中段骨折

目的 探讨弹性髓内针固定治疗大龄儿童移位型锁骨中段骨折的疗效.方法 采用弹性髓内针固定治疗65例大龄儿童移位型锁骨中段骨折患儿.观察骨折复位、愈合、并发症和肩关节功能恢复情况.结果 患儿均获得随访,时间3～9个月.术后未出现内固定松动、断裂及顶破皮肤,无感染、骨折再移位等并发症发生.骨折均达到解剖复位或近解剖复位,均骨...     

应用Versoloc锚钉辅助肩关节镜治疗老年患者肱骨大结节骨折

目的探索关节镜下复位骨折Versoloc锚钉固定治疗老年患者肱骨大结节骨折的疗效。方法 2015年7月至2016年12月我院在肩关节镜下应用Versoloc锚钉固定术治疗老年肱骨大结节移位骨折20例,其中男12例,女8例;年龄60～75岁,平均(65.6±0.8)岁;受伤至手术时间2～8 d,平均(6.0±1.5)d。通过X线评价复位情况,随访指导患者逐渐进行主动及力量锻炼。采用美国肩肘外科医师协会(American shoulder and elbow surgeons,ASES)评分和加州大学肩关节功能评分(the university of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating scale,UCLA)评估手术前后肩关节功能,UCLA评分评价临床疗效。结果 19倒患者获得随访,1例失访,随访时间9～20个月,平均(12.5±2.2)个月。随访患者术后骨折均获得解剖复位,ASES评分由术前(59.5±2.0)分增加至(91.5±2.9)分(P0.01),UCLA评分由术前(18.2±1.9)分增加至(29.8±2.7)分(P0.05)。按UCLA评分进行疗效评价,优13例,良6例。结论应用Versoloc锚钉辅助肩关节镜治疗老年患者肱骨大结节骨折复位固定良好,患者肩关节功能恢复满意。     

微创逆行插弹性钉治疗儿童移位锁骨骨折

目的 :研究闭合复位下逆行插钛质弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童移位锁骨骨折的应用和疗效。方法 :自2014年1月至2016年11月采用闭合复位下逆行插钛质弹性髓内钉治疗26例儿童移位锁骨骨折,男14例,女12例;年龄7~14岁,平均9.2岁。受伤至手术时间2~7 d,平均2.8 d。采用VAS评分对患者术前及术后2 d的主诉疼痛进行比较,采用肩关节Neer评分比较术后2个月患侧与健侧肩关节功能情况。结果:26例均获得随访,时间6~12个月。所有病例切口愈合好,无感染、无断钉或弹性髓内钉退出等并发症,均达到解剖复位,骨性愈合良好,术后肩关节活动度恢复良好,平均取钉时间14~32(16.25±2.62)周。术后2 d疼痛VAS评分较术前明显缓解(P0.05)。术后2个月患侧肩关节Neer评分98.46±1.07,与健侧98.58±1.10比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:钛质弹性髓内钉固定治疗儿童移位锁骨骨折具有微创、术后不影响皮肤美观、骨折愈合快、术后功能恢复好、拔钉简便、并发症少等优点。     

Locking versus nonlocking superior plate fixations for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: A prospective randomized trial comparing clinical and radiografic results

BackgroundIt is unknown whether locking or nonlocking superior plate fixation is better for managing displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Therefore, we aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of locking and nonlocking superior plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.MethodsA total of 102 consecutive patients with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures (2B1 and 2B2 in Robinson classification) participated in this randomized controlled trial; 12 patients were excluded. Surgeries were performed using a 3.5-mm Locking Compression Plate (LCP) between 2007 and 2015. Patients were treated either with a locking plate (group L, n = 45) or a nonlocking plate (group N, n = 45). In both groups, the plates were fixed to the proximal and distal clavicle with two and/or three screws, respectively.The main outcome measures were complication rates, time to bone union, and Constant score.ResultsForty-two patients in group L (mean age, 45.9 years) and 41 in group N (mean age, 43.6 years) were followed. The overall complication rates in groups L and N were 7.2% (three peri-implant fractures) and 7.3% (non-union, deformed plate, and peri-implant fracture), respectively (p = .98). The average time to union significantly differed between groups (L vs. N: 13.0 ± 4.1 vs. 17.5 ± 6.3 weeks; p < .01). However, the Constant score at the final follow-up was not significantly different between groups (L vs. N: 87.0 ± 12.3 vs. 89.8 ± 9.1).ConclusionsSimilar complication rates and clinical results were found for locking and nonlocking superior plate fixation for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. However, the time to bone union was shorter with the locking plate. This study suggests that both plating systems are effective for treating displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.Level of evidenceTherapeutic, level I.     

Operative treatments compared with nonoperative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures

BackgroundFew reports on external fixation to treat displaced midshaft clavicular fractures exist. We sought to compare the clinical effects of external fixation, plate fixation, and nonoperative treatment for treating displaced midshaft clavicular fractures in adults.Material and methodsEighty-nine patients with a displaced midshaft fracture of the clavicle were selected (according to inclusion criteria) for a retrospective analysis and assigned to either operative treatment with external fixation (29 patients), plate fixation (30 patients) or nonoperative treatment with a sling (30 patients). The average follow-up period is 32 months. Outcome analysis included: Constant shoulder score (CSS); disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score (DASH); nonunion rate; satisfaction of shoulder appearance.ResultsEighty-five cases were successfully followed up. No significant difference was observed between external fixation and plate fixation (p > 0.05 and p = 0.132, respectively). The operative groups achieved better effects (p < 0.001) compared to the nonoperative treatment. The healing time of the three groups were: 10.4 ± 2.3 weeks for external fixation; 12.1 ± 2.5 weeks for plate fixation; and 15.7 ± 2.2 weeks for nonoperative treatment. In the follow-up, patients in the external fixation group (96%) and plate fixation group (93%) were more likely to be satisfied with the appearance of the shoulder than were those in the nonoperative group (77%).ConclusionThe external fixation and plate fixation are overall better than the nonoperative treatment. As to choose between the two, it depends on the local soft tissue condition, surgeon's techniques, communication between doctor and patients and so on.     

锁骨近端骨折的手术治疗方法及分型探讨

目的：总结不同锁骨近端骨折的手术治疗方法并探讨锁骨近端骨折的分型。方法：2017年1月至2020年12月收治24例移位型锁骨近端骨折患者,男16例,女8例;年龄28~66岁;其中新鲜骨折20例,陈旧性骨折4例。骨折Edinburgh分型,1B1型14例,1B2型10例。根据不同骨折分型选择不同的内固定方式进行内固定治疗。记录手术时间、失血量、术前后移位差异、骨折愈合时间及Rockwood评分结果。结果：24例患者获得随访,时间12~24个月。术后无感染、复位丢失情况发生,有3例患者出现内固定失效断裂退钉情况,取出内固定装置。手术时间30~65 min,失血量15~40 ml。无重要神经血管脏器损伤。影像学愈合时间3~6个月。末次随访Rockwood功能评分（13.50±1.86）分,疼痛（2.57±0.50）分、活动范围（2.78±0.41）分、肌肉强度（2.93±0.28）分、日常活动受限（2.85±0.35）分、主观结果（2.63±0.61）分,其中优20例,良3例,可1例。结论：锁骨近端骨折是一种发生率较低的骨折类型,针对不同的骨折分型可对应选择不同内固定方法及治疗方式,均取得较为满意的手术效果。     

Comparison of treatment of fracture midshaft clavicle in adults by external fixator with conservative treatment

PurposeHigh rate of malunion and non union in displaced fracture clavicle treated conservatively lead to use of different types of internal fixation methods which also were found to be associated with various complications. Moreover their superiority over conservative treatment has not been established. This study was designed to compare clinical outcome of conservative treatment with external fixator in cases with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.MethodsFifty adult consenting cases of acute midshaft fracture clavicle, displaced >15 mm were included. Twenty five cases were allotted to conservative (group A) and external fixator (group B) each. In group A treatment was given in form of clavicle brace. In group B schanz pins were inserted obliquely between supero-inferior and anterior-posterior direction and connected with rod. The outcome was measured by Constant score, union time and complications.ResultsMean radiographic union time in group A was 23.45 ± 1.40 weeks (with 8% non union and 80% malunion) and in group B it was 9.36 ± 1.49 weeks. Mean Constant score at 6 months in group A was 78.28 ± 6.45 and in group B 92.72 ± 1.48. Mean shortening at 6 months in group A was 19.36 mm. In group B shortening at 6 months was noticed in three cases (6, 5, 6 mm).ConclusionClose reduction of acute fracture mid clavicle and application of external fixator is a simple procedure providing the benefits of rigid fixation and undisturbed fracture environment. Pain relief is faster, union time is shorter and there are no hardware related problems.     

Extra-articular locking plate and trans-articular clavicle hook plate for displaced medial clavicle fractures

IntroductionFracture of the medial end of the clavicle is very rare. There is no consensus on the standard surgical strategy for medial clavicle fracture, and treatment is challenging. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of internal plate fixation for displaced medial clavicle fracture.MethodsPatients who underwent internal plating of a displaced medial clavicle fracture were included in this retrospective study. Each patient underwent open reduction and fixation with an internal extra-articular locking plate or trans-articular hook plate based on their fracture type. Postoperative follow-up included radiographs for assessment of bone union, Constant-Murley score for shoulder function, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire for upper limb function, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Any complications were also recorded.ResultsBetween May 2014 and July 2021, 34 patients (9 females, 25 males; mean age, 50.0 ± 14.8 years) were treated with internal plate fixation and included in this study. The fracture line was located in the medial fifth of the clavicle in 32 patients, and 20 patients had intra-articular fracture. Eighteen patients had the fracture fixed with a locking plate, namely an inverted distal clavicle plate (n = 7), straight locking plate (n = 3), distal fibular plate (n = 3), and T-plate (n = 5); the other 16 patients were treated with a clavicle hook plate. During a mean follow-up of 30.7 ± 26.5 months, 33 patients achieved bone healing, the average Constant-Murley score was 90.9 ± 11.0 points, the mean DASH score was 6.0 ± 6.6 points, and the mean VAS was 0.4 ± 1.1 points. Complications occurred in five patients.ConclusionsBoth locking plates and hook plates are effective in treating displaced medial clavicle fracture. A locking plate is recommended when there is enough bone stock in the medial fragment for stable fixation. A clavicle hook plate is recommended for cases in which the medial clavicle fracture is too small, comminuted, or has signs of sternoclavicular joint instability.     

新型胸锁关节解剖锁定钢板治疗锁骨近端骨折的临床疗效

目的 探讨新型胸锁关节解剖锁定钢板治疗锁骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年10月在我院诊疗的13例锁骨近端骨折病人的临床资料,其中男8例,女5例,年龄为（53.54±7.40）岁（40~64岁）,左侧4例,右侧9例。所有骨折均为闭合性骨折,受伤至入院时间为2 h~4 d。病人均采用新型胸锁关节解剖锁定钢板切开复位内固定治疗,术前以及术后随访根据Rockwood评分法评定肩关节功能。结果 所有病人均获得随访,随访时间为（14.69±2.10）个月（12~18个月）。术后手术切口均一期愈合,术后骨折临床愈合时间为（19.54±3.43）周（16~25周）。术后均未出现内固定失效、血管神经损伤、血气胸、骨折不愈合等并发症。末次随访根据Rockwood评分法评定肩关节功能,优12例,良1例。结论 锁骨近端骨折采用新型胸锁关节解剖锁定钢板治疗,固定稳定,安全有效,并发症少,术后可早期功能锻炼,恢复肩关节功能,可以成为治疗锁骨近端骨折的有效方法之一。     

Does delay matter? The restoration of objectively measured shoulder strength and patient-oriented outcome after immediate fixation versus delayed reconstruction of displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle

Outcome after surgical treatment for nonunion and malunion of midshaft displaced clavicle fractures has generally been described as favorable and equal to results of acute repair. This assumption has been based on subjective criteria, however, and no direct comparison is available in the literature. This study used objective measurements of limb function to compare outcome in patients who underwent delayed operative intervention for nonunion and malunion with the outcome of patients who underwent immediate open reduction and internal fixation after displaced clavicle fracture. All patients had sustained completely displaced, closed, isolated midshaft clavicle fractures, of whom 15 had undergone acute open reduction and internal fixation with a compression plate at a mean of 0.6 months after injury (acute group). Another 15 patients had undergone delayed reconstruction with open reduction, bone grafting, and compression plate fixation for nonunion or malunion a mean of 63 months after injury (delayed group). The 2 groups were similar in age, gender, original fracture characteristics, and mechanism of injury. Complete assessment included standard history and physical examination, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and Constant Shoulder Score, subjective rating of outcome satisfaction, and objective muscle strength testing using a previously validated and published protocol on the Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment (BTE) work simulator. There were no significant differences between acute fixation and delayed reconstruction groups with regard to strength of shoulder flexion (acute, 94%; delayed, 93%; P = .82), shoulder abduction (acute, 97%; delayed, 97%; P = .92), external rotation (acute, 97%; delayed, 90%; P = .11), or internal rotation (acute, 98%; delayed, 96%; P = .55). Constant scores in the acute group were superior (acute, 95; delayed, 89; P = .02), but differences in DASH scores were not significant (acute, 3.0; delayed, 7.2; P = .15). Shoulder flexion muscle endurance was significantly decreased in the delayed group (acute, 109%; delayed, 80%; P = .05). Differences in muscle endurance in other planes were not significantly different (abduction endurance: acute, 107%; delayed, 81%; P = .24). Both groups rated their satisfaction with the procedure as excellent. Late reconstruction of nonunion and malunion after displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle is a reliable and reproducible procedure that results in restoration of objective muscle strength similar to that seen with immediate fixation; however, there are subtle decreases in endurance strength and outcome compared with acute fracture repair. This information should not be used to justify primary operative repair in isolation but is useful in decision-making when counseling patients with displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle.