双源CT在心脏手术患者术前筛查冠心病中的临床应用

目的探讨双源CT对心脏手术患者术前筛查冠心病的临床意义。方法2010年1月至2012年9月昆明市延安医院心脏大血管外科共对年龄〉50岁的252例心脏病患者行心脏手术治疗，其中男120例，女132例；年龄50～74（55．2±3．5）岁。二尖瓣病变86例，主动脉瓣病变72例，二尖瓣合并主动脉瓣病变64例，房间隔缺损14例，室间隔缺损3例，三尖瓣下移畸形5例，左心房粘液瘤8例。术前均行冠状动脉双源CT检查，双源CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄≥50％为有显著意义狭窄。对冠状动脉狭窄≥50％的患者进一步行冠状动脉造影检查，并结合患者的临床资料进行综合分析。结果252例中经双源CT诊断冠状动脉有显著意义狭窄（≥50％）患者21例，共计25支冠状动脉43个节段受累，其中左前降支14支、右冠状动脉6支、回旋支5支。以冠状动脉造影为“金标准”，诊断符合率为95．2％（20／21）。出院后随访218例，随访率86．8％，随访时间6个月。随访期间无死亡、术后心肌梗死、瓣周漏和抗凝并发症发生。结论双源CT冠状动脉成像检查是心脏外科可供选择的一种准确性高的冠心病筛查手段。     

心电图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过心电图与冠状动脉造影结果分析,探讨心电图对诊断冠心病的临床价值.方法:对109例体表心电图ST-T改变的患者行冠状动脉造影,男87例,女22例,年龄34-83岁,常规12导连心电图符合心肌缺血可判断为心电图阳性.冠脉造影采用Judkins法,冠脉直径减少≥50％,判断为阳性.结果:109例患者中,冠状动脉造影阳性63例,阴性46例,与冠脉造影为对照,心电图的敏感性为70％,特异性68％.心电图与冠脉造影两种检查方法在冠心病的检出阳性率无显著差异.结论:心电图与冠脉造影均为冠心病的诊断方法,结合临床综合分析,不能仅凭心电图或冠脉造影确诊或排除冠心病.     

瓣膜病合并冠心病的外科治疗

目的探讨对心脏瓣膜病合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者行手术治疗的疗效。方法对22例心脏瓣膜病合并冠心病患者进行瓣膜置换或成形,同期行冠状动脉旁路移植。结果术后早期死亡1例,其余患者术后心功能恢复、生活质量明显提高,均无心绞痛发作。结论对心脏瓣膜病合并冠心病患者选择瓣膜置换或成形,同期进行冠脉血运重建,能够改善患者心功能,提高生活质量。     

同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术和心脏瓣膜手术

对冠心病和心脏瓣膜病并存的病人 ,需同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术和心脏瓣膜手术 ,手术操作复杂、时间长、技术要求高。我们近 2年共施行此类手术 2 3例 ,效果满意。临床资料　 2 3例中男 2 0例 ,女 3例。年龄 5 0～ 80岁 ,平均 6 4 5岁。 16例风湿性心脏病、心功能不全者 ,手术前冠状动脉造影发现冠状动脉病变 ;7例心肌缺血同时合并瓣膜病变。 2 3例中冠状动脉单支病变 13例 ,双支病变 6例 ,三支病变 4例。左室造影发现室壁瘤 3例。合并高血压病 9例 ,糖尿病 6例 ,有心衰史者 8例 ,心房纤颤 11例。手术前左室舒张末期内径 45～ 87ｍｍ ,平…     

微创冠状动脉旁路移植术二例

例1 男，48岁。阵发性心前区疼痛3个月，有心肌梗死病史，病程2年。心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅱ级。心电图示：陈旧性下壁心肌梗死；心脏彩色超声心动图提示：心脏舒张功能减弱，左心室射血分数（LVEF）0．50；冠状动脉造影显示：后降支（PDA）阻塞约95％。临床诊断：冠心病，陈旧性下壁心肌梗死，不稳定型心绞痛。     

心脏直视术中被迫冠状动脉旁路移植术七例

心脏直视术中被迫紧急行冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）,在临床上很少见。１９８５年３月～１９９７年７月我们在心肺转流术（ＣＰＢ）下行心脏直视术４１６３例,其中７例在心脏手术中发生冠状动脉意外被迫行ＣＡＢＧ,现报告如下。１　临床资料与方法１．１　一般资料　本组共７例,男６例,女１例。年龄８～６４岁,平均４０．７岁。术前全组均无心绞痛病史,心电图ＳＴＴ无改变,均未行心导管检查。按ＮＹＨＡ心功能分级,Ⅱ级３例、Ⅲ级４例。原发病：心脏联合瓣膜病４例,风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄、法洛四联症（ＴＯＦ）、主动脉瓣…     

不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术在左主干病变病人中的应用

目的 探讨不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术（0PCAB）在左主干病变病人中应用的可行性和特点。方法 2002年5月至2006年5月，97例伴有左主干病变的冠心病病人施行了OPCAB，同期为86例伴有左主干病变的冠心病病人行体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）。对两组病人术前、术后的临床资料进行对比分析。结果 OPCAB和CABG组术前平均年龄（68．1±4．9）岁对（64．3±6．5）岁，P〈0．05；术前慢性阻塞性肺疾病史10．3％对2．3％，P〈0．05；术前肌酐高于正常者5．2％对0，P〈0．05；术前脑梗塞病史12.4％对3．5％，P〈0．05。术后OPCAB和CABG组病死率为1．03％对1．16％，P：0．93；房颤发生率14．4％对27．9％，P=0．02。结论 对伴有左主干病变的冠心病病人行OPCAB临床效果良好。     

中老年心房颤动与冠心病

目的 探讨中老年人心房颤动与冠心病关系。方法 分析846例冠状动脉造影中，58例中老年人心房颤动伴或不伴有心绞痛及缺血性心电图改变患者（A组和B组）冠状动脉造影（CAG）结果，同时随机选择70例与房颤组年龄、性别等因素无显著差异，非心房颤动同时伴有心绞痛及（或）缺血性心电图改变患者（C组）冠状动脉造影结果，进行比较。结果 A、B和C组冠状动脉造影阳性率分别为66．7％、25．8％和74．2％，A组、C组冠状动脉病变主要在左前降、右冠状动脉，以单支、双支及中、重度狭窄为主。B组为冠状动脉单支、轻度病变。结论：中老年房颤伴有心绞痛或缺血性心电图改变者提示有冠心病可能。而单纯性心房颤动中老年人诊断冠心病时，应全面分析，必要时作冠状动脉造影检查，以减少误诊。     

非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病同期手术治疗的临床分析

目的 总结非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病同期手术患者的临床特征和手术效果,以提高手术疗效. 方法 2000年1月至2007年6月同期手术治疗105例非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病患者,年龄36～79岁(61.96±7.61岁),其中风湿性心瓣膜疾病59例,退行性二尖瓣病变24例,老年性钙化性主动脉瓣病变13例;其它主动脉瓣病变9例.术前行冠状动脉造影明确诊断98例,术中探查发现冠心病7例.全组均行冠状动脉旁路移植术,共移植血管216支(2.06支/例),同期行二尖瓣置换术36例,二尖瓣成形术15例,主动脉瓣置换术43例,双瓣膜置换术11例. 结果 术后住院死亡6例(5.7%,6/105).死于严重低心排血量3例,肾功能衰竭2例,术后心脏骤停并发多器官功能衰竭1例.术后随访93例,随访时间1个月至7年,失访6例.无晚期死亡患者.心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ级25例,Ⅱ级53例,Ⅲ级10例,Ⅳ级5例.1例患者活动后仍有心绞痛存在. 结论 非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病患者绝大多数无典型的心绞痛症状,50岁以上的患者必须行冠状动脉造影检查,对有冠心病易患因素者,应积极作冠状动脉造影检查;冠心病所致的心肌缺血可明显加重心脏瓣膜疾病所引起的心肌损害,术中心肌保护尤为重要;正确评价术前左心功能低下的患者是选择手术治疗的难点,更是影响手术效果的关键因素.     

老年瓣膜病患者心瓣膜置换术的临床分析

目的 总结老年瓣膜病患者行心瓣膜置换术的经验,以提高手术效果.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年4月沈阳军区总医院收治74例老年瓣膜病患者行心瓣膜置换术的临床资料,其中男51例,女23例;年龄60～74岁.术前经心电图、胸部X线片、彩色超声心动图、主动脉根部造影和左心室选择性造影检查诊断,均经手术证实,单纯二尖...     

风湿性瓣膜病合并冠心病的外科治疗

报告１９９１年１月至１９９５年１１月期间１５例风湿性瓣膜病合并冠心病病人瓣膜替换及冠脉桥术（ＣＡＢＧ）的体会。手术均在低温体外循环下进行。其中二尖瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ６例，主动脉瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ６例、双瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ３例，术后死亡３例，其余治愈出院，作者强调了术前明确诊断的重要性，并就冠脉搭桥、心肌保护、主动脉气囊反搏（ＩＡＢＰ）及药物的应用加以讨论。     

Combined Procedure of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Valve Repair

The safety of combined operative procedures for valvular and coronary artery disease was reviewed in 27 patients. Twelve patients had aortic valve disease and 15 had mitral valve disease. Forty-seven coronary artery reconstructions were performed, an average of 1.7 per patient. Twenty-two patients underwent valve replacement and 5 had valvuloplasty. Congestive heart failure was the major symptom in 20 patients, and angina was the major symptom in 7. Eight of the patients with congestive heart failure had no angina, but significant coronary stenoses were demonstrated at routine coronary angiography.Coronary reconstruction was performed before valve repair. Two patients died postoperatively (a hospital mortality of 7.4%), and there were 4 late deaths from 2 to 28 months postoperatively. There were no postoperative myocardial infarctions.Contrary to previous reports, coronary artery reconstruction and valve repair need not be associated with an increased risk. Protection of the myocardium by coronary perfusion through reconstructed coronary arteries enables valve repair to be done without greater risk than valve repair alone. All patients considered for valve repair should have coronary angiography.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行心脏瓣膜置换手术59例临床分析

目的 研究冠状动脉旁路移植同时行心脏瓣膜置换手术治疗非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病的疗效.方法 59例冠状动脉旁路移植同时行瓣膜置换手术,包括二尖瓣瓣膜病变40例及主动脉瓣瓣膜病变11例,联合瓣膜病变8例,共搭桥132支.根据患者年龄及病变血管情况选用乳内动脉或大隐静脉作为血管桥.结果 本组1例术后1d死亡,死亡原因是严重的低心排综合征,搭桥4根.其他病例术后随访2个月至7年,均没有明显心绞痛复发并且心功能得到改善.结论 非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病患者一般无典型心绞痛病史,有冠心病高危因素的患者术前应该常规行冠状动脉造影检查明确是否合并冠心病.采取术前改善心功能状态,缩短手术及心肌缺血时间等措施,同时行冠状动脉旁路移植手术及心脏瓣膜手术是有效可行的治疗手段.     

Right coronary artery fistula draining into the right atrium and associated with mitral valve stenosis: a case report

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare congenital anomaly of the coronary arteries in which abnormal connections are present between the coronary artery branch and the cardiac chambers or a major vessel. The incidence of CAF is estimated at 1 in 50,000 live births, and it is detected in approximately 0.2% of the adult population during coronary angiography. Reports of the coincidence of mitral stenosis and CAF are rare in the literature. We report a case of CAF and mitral valve stenosis in a patient with dyspnea and fatigue before valve replacement and surgical radiofrequency ablation. Coronary angiography showed a connection between the right coronary artery and right atrium. A fistula opening into the right atrium is rare in patients with coronary artery anomalies and mitral valve disease. Coronary angiography of the patient 1 month after surgical repair showed that the coronary anatomy was normal and the fistula was occluded. CAF can be diagnosed more frequently if coronary angiography is performed simultaneously with cardiac catheterization to evaluate valve functions or nonatherosclerotic myocardial ischemia in each valvular heart disease case. Surgical repair of CAF is the first-choice treatment to prevent complications and improve quality of life.     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影在心瓣膜置换术前的应用

目的探讨无创64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(CTA)在心瓣膜置换术前诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性、特异性。方法50岁以上的心脏瓣膜疾病患者152例,其中单纯二尖瓣病变78例,单纯主动脉瓣病变49例,联合瓣膜病变25例,合并心房颤动93例。所有患者均行CTA和有创冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,根据两者的检查结果计算CTA诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性、特异性。结果直径>1mm的冠状动脉、窦性心律、心率≤70次/分患者的CTA显像清晰,诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性和特异性均为100%;合并心房颤动或心率控制不佳患者的CTA显像诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性和特异性明显降低,且因冠状动脉病变的部位不同,其诊断的敏感性和特异性亦不相同,对左主干、左前降支、对角支病变诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为87%、89%,右冠状动脉、后降支为80%、76%,回旋支、钝缘支为67%、71%。对直径≤1mm的冠状动脉,CTA尚难成像。结论CTA作为无创、快速和价廉的检查方法,在心脏瓣膜置换术前对冠状动脉病变有一定的诊断价值,但目前尚不能完全替代有创CAG检查。     

心脏不停跳下行瓣膜置换及冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 总结心脏不停跳下瓣膜置换及冠状动脉旁路移植术的体会,并评估其疗效.方法 对2005年1月至2007年8月12例同时合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病和心脏瓣膜病的病人进行手术.病人术前均存在心绞痛症状,心功能为Ⅱ～Ⅳ级,术前射血分数平均0.53±0.23.不停跳下进行冠状动脉旁路移植及瓣膜置换术,比较术前及术后相关心功能指标.结果 病人均痊愈出院.平均移植血管(3.4±1.5)支.复查时所有病人均无症状.心功能及射血分数均显著提高(P<0.001).结论 在心脏不停跳下行瓣膜置换及冠状动脉旁路移植术可行,并发症少.术后早期心功能、自主症状及生活质量均显著改善.远期疗效尚需观察.     

The influence of coronary artery disease and bypass grafting on early and late survival after valve replacement for aortic stenosis

The influence of coronary artery disease and bypass grafting on survival after valve replacement for aortic stenosis (1975 to 1986, N = 512) was analyzed. Mean follow-up for 30-day survivors was 5.1 years (0.1 to 12.9 years). A total of 205 patients had coronary angiography performed: 122 did not have coronary artery disease, 55 with coronary artery disease underwent bypass grafting, and 28 with coronary artery disease did not. Early mortality rates (less than or equal to 30 days)/5-year cumulative survivals (standard error) were 4.1%/86% (4%), 3.6%/68% (8%), and 17.9%/51% (13%), respectively (p less than 0.05/p less than 0.01). Triple vessel/left main stem disease was more prevalent in patients with coronary disease who underwent bypass grafting (47%) than in those who did not (14%; p less than 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that right ventricular failure and omission of bypass grafting in patients with coronary artery disease were independent determinants of early mortality. A Cox regression analysis identified coronary artery disease and aortic valve gradient as determinants of mortality after hospital dismissal, which was not influenced by bypass grafting. On the basis of a coronary artery disease score (positive predictive value for coronary artery disease of 66%) developed on the patients with angiography, 307 patients without angiography were divided into 234 with a low score and 73 with a high score. Early mortality rates/5-year survivals (standard error) were 6.4%/86% (2%) and 16.4%/67% (6%), respectively (p less than 0.01/p less than 0.001). Autopsy revealed stenotic or occlusive coronary artery disease in 92% of 12 early deaths in the group with a high coronary artery disease score and in 33% of 15 in the group with a low score (p less than 0.01). Left ventricular failure and a high coronary artery disease score were independent determinants of early mortality, whereas cardiothoracic index, a high coronary artery disease score, and left ventricular failure were independent predictors of death after hospital dismissal. Despite more severe coronary artery disease, bypass grafting reduced early mortality to a level comparable with that of patients without coronary artery disease, contrasting with a high early mortality rate for unbypassed coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease increased the late mortality rate, which was not modified by bypass grafting. In the group without angiography, undiagnosed and unbypassed coronary artery disease probably increased both early and late mortality. Coronary angiography should be performed in all adult patients with aortic stenosis, and those with significant coronary artery disease should undergo bypass grafting concomitant with valve replacement.     

Mitral valve replacement: a nine-year follow-up of risks and survivals.

Experience with mitral valve replacement over a nine-year period is reviewed. Hospital mortality was 8.9%, with an additional late mortality of 18.5% during a mean follow-up period of 4.34 years. Study of the factors influencing the results of valve replacement revealed a direct correlation between long-term survival and New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class, as judged preoperatively, as well as left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac index, type of valve lesion, and presence of associated coronary artery disease. Hospital mortality was 32% (p less than 0.01) for those patients in NYHA Functional Class IV before operation, compared with 3% for Class III patients. Untreated concomitant coronary artery disease was associated with a significantly higher perioperative mortality of 28% (p = 0.002) compared with an 8% mortality in patients with coronary artery disease treated by vein bypass at the time of mitral valve replacement. Patients with normal coronary arteries documented angiographically before operation had a 1% hospital mortality. Seventy-two percent of all patients are still alive at a maximum follow-up of nine years. Eighty-three percent of those survivors who were in Functional Class III or IV before operation are now considered to be in Class I or II. We conclude that patients should undergo mitral valve replacement before the development of the advanced functional stage of valve disease. In addition, coronary arteriograms should be performed on all patients who are more than 40 years old at the time of cardiac catheterization, and revascularization considered at the time of mitral valve replacement for those patients with significant coronary disease.     

Open heart surgery in the elderly

Of 3254 open heart surgical cases performed since 1972, 126 patients (3.9%) were 70 years of age or older. The mean age was 72 years, the oldest being 82. Sixty-seven per cent were male. The following procedures were performed: coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) 51, aortic valve replacement (AVR) 44, AVR + CABG 16, mitral valve replacement (MVR) 3, MVR + CABG 6, MVR + AVR 4, and other, 2. Of those undergoing CABG, 33% came from the Coronary Care Unit and 24% had left main coronary artery stenosis. There was one peri-operative death (2.0%). Of those undergoing AVR, 43% had coronary artery disease and 13% triple vessel disease. Operative mortality for AVR, and AVR + CABG was 11.4% (5/44) and 18.8% (3/16), respectively. Twenty-six per cent of operative survivors had significant postoperative complications (excluding atrial arrhythmias). The postoperative hospital stay for CABG, AVR and other cases was 11, 13 and 16 days, respectively. Seven year survival of all patients was 61.2 +/- 6.5% (+/- 1 SE) and for AVR +/- CABG was 51.5 +/- 8.6%. Five year survival for CABG was 83.9 +/- 6.3%. We conclude that, in selected cases, CABG can be performed safely in the elderly. Although valvular and combined surgery may result in significant morbidity and mortality, the satisfactory long term results in survivors justifies surgery in this group of patients.     

Heart valve replacement with myocardial revascularization

Coexisting coronary artery insufficiency includes risks to patients with valvular heart disease, thus complicating management. In 15 patients requiring aortic or mitral valve replacement preoperative coronary angiography demonstrated severe coronary stenoses which were treated by bypass grafts with valve surgery. These combined operations turned out to be safe and effective.