经胫骨隧道与前内侧入路建立前交叉韧带股骨隧道的比较研究

目的 比较关节镜下前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术中经胫骨隧道与髌下前内侧入路建立股骨隧道的长度和角度。 方法回顾性分析2000年11月至2009年11月收治的102例ACL重建手术患者资料,其中50例采用经胫骨隧道建立股骨隧道（经胫骨隧道组）：男39例,女11例;年龄15～49岁,平均（27.9±7.6）岁。52例采用经前内侧入路建立股骨隧道（前内侧入路组）：男33例,女19例;年龄15～56岁,平均(30.5±10.7)岁。术中记录股骨隧道长度,术后行膝关节前后位及侧位X线片检查,测量股骨隧道在冠状面与内、外髁连线及矢状面与股骨干轴线的夹角,并进行统计学分析。 结果 经胫骨隧道组股骨隧道的平均长度[（50.9±5.0）mm]长于前内侧入路组[(37.8±4. 7)mm],差异有统计学意义(t=15.083,P=0. 000);经胫骨隧道组冠状面股骨隧道角度(68.6°±7.0°)、矢状面股骨隧道角度(45.1°±8.1°)均大于前内侧入路组(49.8°±7.7°)、33.7°±9.7°),差异均有统计学意义(t=12. 874,P=0. 000;t =5. 877,P=0. 000)。 结论关节镜下ACL重建术中,采用前内侧入路制备的股骨隧道长度短、角度小。     

改良关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术的安全性研究

目的探讨关节镜下经前内侧入路（anteromedial,AM）建立股骨隧道的膝关节前交叉韧带（anterior cruciateligament,ACL）移植重建手术的改良方法的安全性。方法 2010年1～10月采用改良AM方法完成ACL重建20例（实验组）,2009年1～12月采用传统AM方法完成ACL重建20例（对照组）,比较2组股骨隧道的长度,股骨隧道斜度,股骨外髁后壁爆裂和后外侧管神经损伤的情况。结果实验组术中股骨隧道长度为（41.8±4.1）mm,显著长于对照组（37.2±4.4）mm（t=3.421,P=0.002）。实验组股骨隧道冠状角度为51.9°±7.7°,显著大于对照组39.1°±5.8°（t=5.938,P=0.000）。对照组1例出现股骨隧道后壁爆裂,2组其余患者未发现后壁爆裂和后外侧血管神经损伤。结论改良AM方法可以增加ACL重建手术的安全性。     

经胫骨隧道与经附加内侧入路单隧道双束重建前交叉韧带的生物力学比较研究

目的对比研究经胫骨隧道(TT)与经附加内侧入路(AM)钻取单股骨隧道膨胀界面钉内固定双束重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的生物力学。方法将6对新鲜冰冻尸体膝关节随机分为2组,一侧为经胫骨隧道组(TT组),对侧为经附加内侧入路组(AM组)。依次测试ACL完整、断裂及重建后3种状态下的胫前位移及胫骨内旋角度2个参数。结果中立位134 N载荷下胫前位移的比较:膝关节屈曲60°、90°时,AM组胫前位移比TT组小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中立位5 N.m旋转载荷下胫骨内旋角度的比较:膝关节屈曲60°、90°时,TT组胫骨内旋角度比AM组和ACL完整状态下大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而AM组与ACL完整状态下胫骨内旋角度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经附加内侧入路单隧道膨胀界钉内固定双束重建前交叉韧带能够更好地恢复膝关节的前后及旋转稳定性。     

前交叉韧带解剖双束重建中股骨隧道建立路径的比较研究

目的前瞻性研究在关节镜下前交叉韧带（ACL）解剖双束重建术中,采用经胫骨隧道与经前内人路定位建立股骨隧道的可行性与准确性。方法在连续30例ACL患者的解剖双束重建术中,首先分别以45°、55°角钻取胫骨隧道,关节内出口分别在ACL胫骨解剖附丽区印记的前内和后外,保留1～2mm间隔骨桥;关节外入口分别位于胫骨结节内侧和内侧副韧带前缘的前方,间隔以两枚Washer不重叠为准,分别用于前内侧束和后外侧束的移植重建。然后分别经两胫骨隧道,将两根球头空心钻的钻杆自胫骨隧道插入关节内,观察两钻头杆能否到达理想的股骨隧道,录像记录并进行统计学分析。结果在本组30例患者中,经胫骨前内侧束隧道插入的钻头杆,在股骨侧的指向全部偏高、偏前,无一例能完全或部分到达股骨侧前内侧或后外侧束隧道口;而经胫骨后外侧束隧道的钻头杆,经屈或伸膝调整角度后,5例（16．7％）可完全到达、8例（26．7％）可部分到达股骨的前内侧束隧道口;有2例（6．7％）可完全到达、6例（20．0％）部分到达股骨的后外侧束隧道口。而经前内入路屈膝120°后,28例（93．3％）定位可达到理想位置。结论在ACL解剖双束移植重建中,经胫骨隧道定位钻取股骨隧道的方法不可靠、准确性差、变异较大、可重复性差;而经前内入路方法可调节性强、准确性好、股骨隧道短、不受胫骨隧道方向、角度和直径的影响、简便易行、重复性好;但应注意要在较大的屈膝角度下定位钻取。     

前内侧入路解剖重建单束前交叉韧带的临床评估

目的评估关节镜下经前内侧入路解剖重建单束前交叉韧带(ACL)的位置、形态及临床效果。方法对25例ACL断裂患者在关节镜下经前内侧入路应用解剖重建技术行单束ACL重建术,移植物应用自体腘绳肌腱。术后行X线、MRI检查,了解骨道情况,观察移植物形态及张力,并与11例健侧膝关节的正常ACL进行对比。应用Lysholm评分系统评估膝关节功能。结果术后X线片显示股骨隧道内口位于髁间窝顶与股骨后缘皮质线交叉点前缘,胫骨隧道内口位于髁间窝顶后方。MRI显示所有重建ACL张力良好,ACL上倾角为50.82°±4.57°,胫骨平台止点至前缘距离与平台纵径比值为0.50±0.04,两项与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。患者均获得随访,时间为13~44个月。Lysholm评分术后为92.20分±4.29分,明显高于术前的64.76分±7.16分(P0.01)。结论关节镜下经前内侧入路解剖重建ACL的位置及形态接近解剖结构,早中期临床效果满意。     

两种前交叉韧带重建MRI测量移植物位置比较

[目的]探讨磁共振成像(MRI)测量前内侧入路(anteromedial, AM)法和经胫骨隧道(transtibial, TT)法建立股骨隧道重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)移植物位置的差异。[方法]回顾性分析2017年1月—2018年12月本院收治的62例患者,其中32例采用AM法,30例采用TT法。行MRI检查,测量冠状面移植物股骨止点与12点位的夹角(α角)、矢状面移植物轴线与Blumensaat线夹角(β角)、矢状面股骨隧道后壁厚度(AB),以及矢状面移植物与胫骨平台面夹角(θ角)、矢状面胫骨止点位置(CE/CD)、冠状面移植物与胫骨平台面夹角(γ角)和冠状面胫骨止点位置(GF/GH)。[结果]股骨侧,两组在α角、β角和AB的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);末次检查时两组的α角、β角和AB与首次检查的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。胫骨侧,AM组θ角显著小于TT组(P0.05);但两组间在γ角、CE/CD和GF/GH的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);末次检查时两组的θ角均较首次检查显著减小(P0.05),而γ角、CE/CD及GF/GH的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]本研究表明在矢状面上,TT法移植物较AM法更为垂直;随着术后时间延长,两种术式移植物的矢状面角度会减小。     

骨隧道封闭状态下前交叉韧带重建的生物力学研究

[目的]探讨骨隧道封闭状态下是否保留残迹对前交叉韧带(ACL)重建的生物力学影响.[方法]采用成年健康新西兰兔12只,随机选取其一侧膝关节作为实验组,保留ACL残迹、骨隧道封闭状态下重建ACL;对侧为对照组:切除ACL残迹、骨隧道封闭状态下重建ACL.于术后12周处死动物,在858 Mini BionixⅡ型生物力学测试机测定股骨-移植物-胫骨的复合极限载荷、断裂部位.[结果]术后12周时保留残迹组股骨-移植物-胫骨的极限载荷为(23.46±7.4)N,切除残迹组为(18.63±4.26)N,实验组为对照组的126%,两组间有显著差异(t=3.058,P<0.05).移植物断裂部位:保残迹组中11例在韧带关节内部分,1例在腱骨交界处;不保留残迹组中9例在韧带关节内部分,2例在腱骨交界处,1例从隧道内拔出.[结论] 保留残迹的ACL重建有利于移植关节内愈合,改善移植物生物力学性能.     

计算机导航辅助关节镜下重建前交叉韧带

目的通过与传统关节镜下重建前交叉韧带(ACL)手术进行比较,说明基于X线影像的计算机导航系统辅助关节镜下重建ACL的手术方法隧道定位更精确。方法2005年12月-2006年3月共完成40例计算机导航系统辅助关节镜下ACL重建手术。选择2005年6月-2006年3月40例传统关节镜下ACL重建手术作为对照组,在X线片上分别测量胫骨隧道和股骨隧道的位置,对两组患者测量结果进行统计学分析。结果计算机导航系统辅助关节镜下ACL重建手术组测量股骨隧道位置平均值为62．3％±5．6％(52％-73％),传统手术组测量股骨隧道位置平均值为56．6％±7．3％(46％-77％)。胫骨隧道位置测量,导航辅助手术组平均值为45．4％±3．8％(37％-53％),传统手术组平均值为41．1％±6．0％(25％-54％)。两组患者的股骨隧道和胫骨隧道位置分别做统计学分析,差异均有显著性意义(P< 0．05)。导航辅助手术组数据更接近解剖重建ACL位置。计算机导航系统辅助关节镜下ACL重建的平均手术时间较传统手术延长20 min,透视次数为4次。结论基于X线影像的计算机导航系统辅助关节镜下ACL重建手术是安全、可行的,可以使股骨、胫骨隧道位置更精确。     

经胫骨隧道与前内入路建立股骨骨道早期变化的差异

目的：比较分析经胫骨隧道与前内入路两种方式建立股骨骨道早期变化的差异,探讨相关的影响因素。方法对94例患膝关节在关节镜下单束重建前交叉韧带,A 组（42例）经胫骨隧道建立股骨隧道,B 组（52例）经前内侧入路建立股骨隧道。重建后用相同的方法进行康复锻炼,术后1周和6个月复查 X 线片了解骨道情况。结果A 组38例、B 组42例完成 X 线检查。术后骨道增宽的发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;术后骨道增宽的程度 A 组较 B 组明显,差异有统计学意义（P ＝0．001）。结论两种入路建立的股骨股道术后早期均具有较高的骨道扩大发生率,经前内侧入路行 ACL 重建更有利于减轻股骨骨道的扩大。     

前交叉韧带单束重建中不同手术入口创建股骨隧道的疗效分析

背景:前交叉韧带(ACL)单束重建中股骨隧道创建的方法较多,但经前内侧入口(AMP)与辅助前内侧入口(AAMP)创建股骨隧道的临床疗效分析较少。目的:比较关节镜下前交叉韧带单束重建中AMP与AAMP创建股骨隧道的疗效差异。方法:回顾性分析2016年7月至2018年5月接受关节镜下自体肌腱单束重建治疗的63例ACL断裂患者的临床资料,经AMP创建股骨隧道的33例为AMP组,男21例,女12例;年龄19~54岁,平均(32.7±18.2)岁。经AAMP创建股骨隧道的30例为AAMP组,男19例,女11例;年龄20~56岁,平均(34.0±17.5)岁。测量两组股骨隧道长度、ACL股骨隧道位置、股骨隧道冠状位倾斜角;Lysholm评分、IKDC评价膝关节功能,Lachman试验及Pivot-shift试验评价膝关节前后及旋转稳定性。结果:随访时间为9~24个月,平均(13.2±5.5)个月。AMP组和AAMP组股骨隧道长度分别是(37.8±3.4)mm和(40.0±3.6)mm(P<0.05)。末次随访时两组股骨隧道冠状位倾斜角比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);股骨隧道位置差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MRI复查均显示重建的ACL完整。末次随访时,Lachman试验AMP组23例阴性、10例阳性,AAMP组24例阴性、6例阳性;Pivot-shift试验AMP组24例阴性、9例阳性,AAMP组25例阴性、5例阳性;两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前及末次随访时两组间Lysholm评分及IKDC评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:关节镜下前交叉韧带单束重建中经AMP与AAMP创建股骨隧道,均能重建ACL股骨止点。经AAMP创建的股骨隧道更长,股骨隧道位置更接近解剖位点,膝关节前后及旋转稳定性更优,建议行ACL单束重建时首选AAMP创建股骨隧道。     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration

Ligament and tendon injuries are common problems in orthopedics. There is a need for treatments that can expedite nonoperative healing or improve the efficacy of surgical repair or reconstruction of ligaments and tendons. Successful biologically-based attempts at repair and reconstruction would require a thorough understanding of normal tendon and ligament healing. The inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, and the cells involved in tendon and ligament healing will be reviewed. Then, current research efforts focusing on biologically-based treatments of ligament and tendon injuries will be summarized, with a focus on stem cells endogenous to tendons and ligaments. Statement of clinical significance: This paper details mechanisms of ligament and tendon healing, as well as attempts to apply stem cells to ligament and tendon healing. Understanding of these topics could lead to more efficacious therapies to treat ligament and tendon injuries. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:7–12, 2020     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.