骨折后腓骨长度的恢复与踝关节创伤性关节炎的关系

目的 探讨胫腓骨下段粉碎骨折后排骨长度的恢复与踝关节创伤性关节炎发生的关系。方法 １９８６￣１９９６年间收治的胫腓骨双骨折病例中，有１５０例获得随访的经过手术治疗的闭合性胫腓上段粉碎骨折。平均随访时间为６年（２￣１０年）。１５０例中３０例在固定胫骨的同时固定腓骨，恢复排骨长度，１２０例仅固定胫骨。术后均以石膏托固定４￣６周。结果 腓骨固定组术后踝关节不同程度创伤性关节炎的发生率为６％，而单纯固定胫     

胫腓骨双骨折治疗中腓骨内固定的重要性

临床上治疗胫腓骨双骨折时，以固定胫骨为主，腓骨多不作固定，忽视了腓骨在小腿承重、维持小腿长度、平衡肌力、维持踝关节功能等方面的重要性，往往有术后畸形愈后、骨不连、踝关节创伤性关节炎等并发症发生。我们从1999年10月至2002年10月收治60例胫腓骨双骨折患者，行腓骨切开复位内固定42例，取得良好效果。     

腓骨固定在治疗胫腓骨远端复合骨折中的作用

目的探讨腓骨固定在治疗胫腓骨远端复合骨折中的作用。方法将60例胫腓骨远端复合骨折患者随机分为腓骨固定组和对照组,每组各30例;腓骨固定组行腓骨固定联合胫骨固定术,对照组行单纯胫骨固定术。对获得9个月完整随访的患者在术后1、3、6、9个月通过体检及影像学检查评价踝关节内外翻角度、旋前旋后角度、骨折愈合与否、并发症发生率等指标。结果 55例患者获得随访,腓骨固定组3例失访、对照组2例失访。术后1、3、6、9个月踝关节内外翻、旋前旋后角度腓骨固定组均明显小于对照组(P 0. 05)。术后6、9个月胫骨骨折愈合率腓骨固定组均优于对照组(P 0. 05),术后3、6、9个月的腓骨骨折愈合率腓骨固定组均优于对照组(P 0. 05)。两组术后感染、神经损伤等并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论腓骨固定联合胫骨固定术治疗胫腓骨远端复合骨折具有重要作用,患者术后的踝关节功能及骨折愈合率良好。     

胫腓骨下段粉碎性骨折内固定治疗中恢复腓骨长度的意义

胫腓骨下段粉碎性骨折临床上很多见。治疗中的关键是恢复下肢正常力线和长度。保护血供。2000年5月至2004年5月间．本院共手术治疗胫腓骨下段粉碎性骨折68例．其中5例发现下胫骨关节面外倾。而外倾引起的踝关节应力分布的改变．可导致远期发生创伤性关节炎。笔对这组病例的X-光片进行了仔细的测量、对比和分析．发现恢复腓骨长度在胫腓骨下段粉碎性骨折的手术治疗中具有重要意义．能防止踝关节外翻的发生．     

经腓骨下段钢板间接复位固定术治疗胫腓骨远端骨折

目的探讨经腓骨下段钢板间接复位固定治疗胫腓骨远端骨折的疗效。方法2002～2005年收治并经随访的胫腓骨远端骨折32例,根据AO/ASIF分型：A型17例,B型9例,C型6例,采用经腓骨下段铡板间接复位固定术,部分行胫骨下段正中小切口胫骨外侧植骨；术后均予以石膏托外固定踝关节于90°位3个月,观察伤口及骨折的愈合情况,6周后可逐渐加强踝关节功能锻炼。结果平均随访16个月(6～24个月),骨折均愈合,临床愈合时间平均14周,无伤口感染、钢板螺钉松脱折断及骨不连等并发症发生,根据Mazur的踝关节功能评分：优17例,良10例,可5例,优良率为84．4%。结论经腓骨下段钢板间接复位固定术治疗胫腓骨远端骨折,对骨折局部血供破坏小,并发症发生率低；虽术后需辅助长时间石膏固定,但加强踝关节功能锻炼仍可获得满意疗效。     

胫腓骨开放粉碎性骨折三种固定方法的疗效比较

目的比较3种固定方法治疗胫腓骨骨折的疗效,探讨腓骨固定对胫骨愈合和维持踝关节稳定性的作用。方法收治182例胫腓骨骨折,采用加压钢板固定76例,外固定架74例,交锁髓内钉32例;腓骨固定68例。结果本组随访12～24个月,优良率:外固定架94.6%,交锁髓内钉93.7%,加压钢板82.9%,并发症:外固定架4例,交锁髓内钉2例,加压钢板15例。结论对于胫腓骨严重粉碎性骨折或多段骨折,外固定架更具有生物学固定的优点,加压钢板只适用于胫骨上段或下段近关节面的骨折;其次,腓骨骨折内固定对促进胫骨愈合及维持踝关节稳定性具有重要作用。     

支持钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨下段骨折

目的：支持钢板治疗胫骨腓骨下段骨折，方法：胫骨内侧入路切开复位，支持钢板置于胫骨内侧固定，同时固定腓骨，结果：术后可以早期功能锻炼，无一感染，骨不连等，踝关节功能恢复满意。结论：胫腓骨下段骨折采用支持钢板内固定，符合生物力这，AO要求，有很好的疗效，是手术治疗胫腓骨下段骨折的主要手段之一。     

同侧腓骨移植结合外固定器治疗胫腓骨粉碎性骨折骨缺损

目的 评价同侧腓骨移植外固定支架固定治疗胫腓骨粉碎性骨折骨缺损的疗效。方法 38例均为新鲜骨折。其中，开放性骨折29例，闭合性骨折9例，均采用同侧腓骨移植，长约8～13cm，两端插入胫骨骨折两端骨髓腔内。单臂外固定支架分别在上、中、下三处，在不同平面和方向对骨折和植骨进行固定。同时将骨折粉碎骨块拼排在移植骨周围，术后早期活动。结果 38例术后随访6～24个月，骨痂形成时间6～8周。植骨与主骨愈合时间为6个月，无骨不愈合、骨髓炎感染发现。结论 胫腓骨粉碎性骨折、骨缺损，采用同侧排骨移植，既有移植骨功能，又可以直到支持和恢复肢体长度作用。骨折愈合快，临床疗效满意。     

分期手术治疗胫腓骨下段开放骨折

目的 探讨分期手术治疗胫腓骨下段开放骨折的疗效.方法 采用分期手术治疗18例胫腓骨下段开放骨折患者:一期行急诊清创、腓骨内固定及胫骨外固定支架固定,二期行胫骨切开复位内固定术.记录骨痂开始形成时间、骨折愈合情况、并发症发生情况.采用AOFAS踝-后足功能评分标准评定踝关节功能,并记录踝关节活动度.结果 患者均获得随访,...     

腓骨内固定对胫骨愈合及踝关节稳定的作用

目的：探讨腓骨内固定的理论依据。方法：总结３０５例胫腓骨骨折双内固定的骨折愈合情况。结果：３０５例胫腓骨骨折病人除２例延迟愈合外全部愈合。本组骨折愈合率明显高于文献中记载。结论：（１）腓骨内固定后有益于胫骨内固定的稳定。（２）恢复了腓骨的解剖连续,促进踝关节的稳定。（３）提高胫腓骨双骨折病人的骨折愈合率。     

Fracture of the tibia with additional injury of the ankle joint. A frequent and undervalued combination

Summary There are 2 types of a combined tibia fracture and ankle injury: in Type I the tibia fracture extends directly into the ankle joint, in Type II the tibia fracture goes along with a fracture of the fibula and disruption of the fibular-tibial syndesmosis. This type of fracture must be distinguished from a pilon tibiale fracture. The typical mechanism for this combined tibia and ankle injury is the indirect torsional trauma with pronation-eversion. From 1995 to 1997 188 patients with fractures of the tibia were treated by internal fixation in our Trauma Department. 27 of these patients (13.6 %) had a combined tibia and ankle injury. Most of the tibia fractures were located in the distal third, a spiral fracture (16 patients) or a comminuted fracture (6 patients), and another group extending directly into the ankle (5 patients). The ankle lesion was a distal fibular fracture (Weber Typ B + C) in 14 patients, a proximal fibular fracture (Type maisoneuve) in 6 patients, a postero-lateral fragment in 11 cases and a fracture of the medial melleolus in 10 cases. A disrupture of the anterior tibio-fibular syndesmosis was seen in 18 patients, 3 times as an isolated lesion of the ankle joint without fracture of the fibula. The osteosynthesis of the tibia fracture was performed with an unreamed tibia nail in 20 patients, with elastic-biologic plate fixation in 6 and with external fixation in 1 patient. The fibula fractures were stabilized by small fragment titaneum plates, the dorsolateral fragment and the medial malleolus were stabilized by lag-screws, the tibio-fibular ligament was sutured and, in a few cases only, held in place by a positioning screw. The outcome was controlled after 20,7 month according to the Phillip's Score (1996). We found not more than one pour results. It must be considered, that most of the combined injuries of the tibia and the ankle joint concerning 13,6 % of all tibia shaft fractures are usually not recognized and may result in an arthrosis of the ankle joint. The attention should be focused to the ankle joint in any spiral fractures of the distal tibia after indirect trauma, especially with a proximal fibular fracture or an intact fibula. Additional X-ray examination of the ankle joint is recommended during internal fixation of the tibia. Posttraumatic arthrosis of the ankle joint can be prevented by diagnosis and adequate anatomical reconstruction of the additional ankle joint injury.      

Fracture of the tibia with additional injury of the ankle joint. A frequent and undervalued combination Eine h?ufige, aber wenig beachtete Kombination

There are 2 types of a combined tibia fracture and ankle injury: in Type I the tibia fracture extends directly into the ankle joint, in Type II the tibia fracture goes along with a fracture of the fibula and disruption of the fibular-tibial syndesmosis. This type of fracture must be distinguished from a pilon tibiale fracture. The typical mechanism for this combined tibia and ankle injury is the indirect torsional trauma with pronation-eversion. From 1995 to 1997 188 patients with fractures of the tibia were treated by internal fixation in our Trauma Department. 27 of these patients (13.6 %) had a combined tibia and ankle injury. Most of the tibia fractures were located in the distal third, a spiral fracture (16 patients) or a comminuted fracture (6 patients), and another group extending directly into the ankle (5 patients). The ankle lesion was a distal fibular fracture (Weber Typ B + C) in 14 patients, a proximal fibular fracture (Type maisoneuve) in 6 patients, a postero-lateral fragment in 11 cases and a fracture of the medial melleolus in 10 cases. A disrupture of the anterior tibio-fibular syndesmosis was seen in 18 patients, 3 times as an isolated lesion of the ankle joint without fracture of the fibula. The osteosynthesis of the tibia fracture was performed with an unreamed tibia nail in 20 patients, with elastic-biologic plate fixation in 6 and with external fixation in 1 patient. The fibula fractures were stabilized by small fragment titaneum plates, the dorsolateral fragment and the medial malleolus were stabilized by lag-screws, the tibio-fibular ligament was sutured and, in a few cases only, held in place by a positioning screw. The outcome was controlled after 20,7 month according to the Phillip's Score (1996). We found not more than one pour results. It must be considered, that most of the combined injuries of the tibia and the ankle joint concerning 13,6 % of all tibia shaft fractures are usually not recognized and may result in an arthrosis of the ankle joint. The attention should be focused to the ankle joint in any spiral fractures of the distal tibia after indirect trauma, especially with a proximal fibular fracture or an intact fibula. Additional X-ray examination of the ankle joint is recommended during internal fixation of the tibia. Posttraumatic arthrosis of the ankle joint can be prevented by diagnosis and adequate anatomical reconstruction of the additional ankle joint injury.     

胫骨Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨胫骨Pilon骨折的治疗方法、手术时机、手术方法。方法 随访1997年～2002年治疗的胫骨Pilon骨折16例,平均随访28.2个月。骨折类型:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型8例。手术方法:合并腓骨骨折12例,占80％,均用钢板固定。胫骨骨折:螺钉固定5例,三叶草钢板固定5例,胫骨远端钢板固定2例,一期行踝关节融合3例。结果 按Mazur踝关节症状与功能评分系统评分:优5例,良5例,可3例,差3例。总体优良率为64％,并发症为31％。结论 对大部分Pilon骨折主张施行有限手术、有限内固定。而对严重胫骨关节面粉碎骨折的Ⅲ型骨折宜一期融合。     

A Pilon Fracture With Fibular Head Dislocation Treated With the Use of 3D Preoperative Planning: A Case Report and Literature Review

Pilon fractures with intact fibula have been associated with low-energy trauma. However, the compression force onto the ankle joint can damage the tibiofibular linkage as in a Maisonneuve fracture. Herein, we describe a case of a patient who had a pilon fracture (AO type 43 C3.2) without a fibular fracture. Three-dimensional preoperative simulation by reduction with the surface registration technique was performed as the fibular length was intact and there was no reference for the tibial length. The preoperative simulation revealed superior fibular head dislocation and shortening of the distal tibia. After emergency external fixation on the day of arrival, a 2-staged surgery was performed. During the first operation, the fibular head was reduced and the tibial posterolateral fragment was fixed to restore the tibia length. During the second operation, medial and anterolateral fragments were fixed in order to reduce joint surface of the distal tibia. In general, proximal fibular head fractures are easily overlooked. In the case of pilon fractures with severe length shortening of the tibia without a fibular fracture, a proximal tibiofibular injury should be suspected.     

弹性外固定器治疗合并下胫腓损伤的踝关节骨折

对于合并下胫腓损伤的踝关节骨折，需可靠的固定以确保下胫腓韧带在解剖位愈合。保守治疗比较困难，而用骨螺钉和骨栓固定下胫腓将限制下胫腓的生理活动。为此作者设计并使用下胫腓弹性外固定器治疗此类骨折，其特点是直接将作用力施加于胫腓骨下端骨皮质上，由于外固定器由不锈钢材料制成，具有一定的弹性，在恢复下胫腓稳定的同时，不影响下胫腓正常生理活动。此装置设计在承重３０ｋｇ时远端张开，随踝关节背伸及屈曲活动，外固定器远端横径距离改变２～４ｍｍ。同时，利用外固定器的其他部分可将内、外踝复位及固定。自１９８９年开始用此种方法治疗６１例患者，平均随访２年，优良率达９４％。     

螺钉固定与Tight-rope固定治疗下胫腓前联合损伤的初步有限元分析

目的 :建立下胫腓前联合损伤(anterior inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries,AITSI)螺钉固定及Tightrope固定(TR)模型,比较其受力及位移情况,为临床诊治提供依据。方法 :选取1例正常人的踝关节CT图像建立3D模型。然后建立AITSI损伤模型,对损伤模型置入螺钉得到螺钉固定模型,使用Tight-rope固定得到TR模型。分析各模型单脚站立时的中立位、踝关节内旋以及外旋3种受力情况,观察胫腓骨及距骨关节面应力变化,以及胫腓骨远端位移情况。结果:AITSI导致胫腓骨及距骨关节面受力增加,胫腓骨位移增加。使用螺钉固定及TR均能有效减少AITSI导致的胫腓骨远端过度位移,但在螺钉固定模型中,胫腓骨位移明显小于正常模型,且胫腓骨远端及距骨关节面受力增大,螺钉受力集中。螺钉固定模型中的胫骨及腓骨最大受力为TR模型的1.3倍以上,距骨关节面接触力为1.8倍,螺钉固定模型中下胫腓前韧带胫骨附着点位移约为正常模型的0.6倍,而TR模型中该数据约为正常模型的1.1倍,但TR对于腓骨位移控制欠佳。结论:严重的下胫腓前联合损伤将改变踝关节受力及位移情况,应该行内固定治疗。下胫腓联合螺钉及TR都能有效地治疗下胫腓前联合分离,Tight-rope固定相较于螺钉固定在骨骼受力、踝关节微动及内固定物断裂方面具有优势,但存在腓骨旋转控制欠佳的劣势。伴有Weber C型踝关节骨折以及肥胖的患者更适合螺钉固定。     

AO钢板固定治疗腓骨骨折

目的 探讨AO钢板在治疗腓骨骨折中的作用。方法 8例胫腓骨骨折和7例踝部骨折，腓骨骨折均采用AO1／3管状钢板治疗，胫骨和内踝骨折采用AO的有限接触动力加压钢板及松质骨螺钉或可吸收螺钉固定。结果 所有病例骨折位置良好，均达临床愈合，关节功能恢复正常。结论 AO钢板对腓骨骨折有良好的固定作用。     

经腓骨前方外侧入路治疗GustiloⅢ型胫腓骨远端骨折

目的:探讨经腓骨前方外侧入路结合外固定架治疗GustiloⅢ型胫腓骨远端骨折的方法及其疗效。方法:自2007年至2010年治疗9例GustiloⅢ型开放性胫腓骨远端骨折,男7例,女2例;年龄29～51岁,平均40岁。所有患者I期急诊清创后钢板内固定腓骨,外固定支架跨踝关节固定胫骨,待小腿内侧植皮成活后拆除外固定架,Ⅱ期采用I期腓骨切口经腓骨前方入路固定胫骨。早期行功能锻炼,观察骨折愈合及踝关节功能恢复情况。采用AOFAS踝-后足评分系统进行疗效评价。结果:所有患者均获随访,时间8～37个月,平均21个月。9例患者均获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间24周,均无钢板断裂及螺钉松动。根据AOFAS踝-后足评分系统,优3例,良4例,中2例。结论:经腓骨前方外侧入路治疗GustiloⅢ型开放性胫腓骨远端骨折,复位质量高,可早期恢复踝关节功能,提高疗效。     

超关节外固定器治疗胫腓骨下段开放粉碎性骨折

应用８０－Ｉ型多功能外固定器跨踝关节超关节外固定治疗１５例胫腓骨下段开放粉碎性骨折踝关节骨折或脱位，结合软组织处理，预后优良率达９０％以上，本治疗方式解决了胫腓骨下段开放粉碎性骨折的固定困难，可使肢体恢复近下沉长度，另外对踝关节起到弹性固定作用，有利于踝关节骨折、关节周围韧带听凭的功能重建。故作者认为该治疗方式是治疗伴有踝关节稳定系统破坏的胫腓骨下段开放粉碎性骨折的可采用的手段之一。