依那普利联合麝香保心丸治疗老年慢性心力衰竭48例临床观察

目的探讨依那普利联合麝香保心丸治疗老年慢性心力衰竭（CHF）的临床疗效。方法 93例CHF患者按随机数字表法分为对照组（45例）和治疗组（48例）。对照组给予常规抗心衰治疗药物,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用依那普利（5～20mg/d）和麝香保心丸（2粒/次,3次/d）,分别于治疗前及治疗12周后比较两组患者的临床症状改善情况及疗效的总有效率。结果治疗12周后,治疗组临床症状改善情况及治疗的总有效率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论依那普利联合麝香保心丸可以显著提高老年CHF患者的生存率,明显降低缺氧、胸闷、气短等症状。     

左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者心功能不全的影响

目的:观察左卡尼汀治疗维持性血液透析患者心功能不全的疗效.方法:将80例合并不同程度心功能不全的维特性血液透析患者随机分为两组,治疗组与对照组分别为40例与40例,对照组给予血液透析、纠正贫血及降压、补钙治疗;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上,同时每次透析结束后左卡尼汀1.0 g,治疗6月.观察患者治疗前和治疗后血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血压情况,定期心脏彩超测定心脏指数(CI)、左宣射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVDs)、心缩力指数(HI)、每搏输出量(SV)、每分输出量(CO).结果:治疗组治疗后血红蛋白、红细胞压积、心肌收缩力增强,心功能指数较治疗前压对照组均明显改善(P<0.01).治疗组比对照组的血压升高率明显降低(P<0.05).结论:左卡尼汀可以显著改善维持性透析患者的心功能.     

高通量血液透析联合左卡尼汀对尿毒症心肌病的临床研究

目的 高通量血液透析联合左卡尼汀对尿毒症心肌病的影响.方法 选取81例于本院门诊和住院部透析的患者,随机分成两组:实验组41例,对照组40例,所有患者均每周3次血液透析,每次4h,实验组自2012年10月开始接受高通量血液透析联合左卡尼汀治疗,对照组进行单纯的高通量血液透析治疗,两组患者都观察8个月.治疗前后检测血红蛋白、血细胞比容,做常规超声心动图,观察左心室舒张期末内径(LVIDd)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVIDs)、室间隔舒张期末期厚度(IVSd)、左室心肌质量(LVM)、左室心肌质量指数(LVMI)、左室后壁厚度(PWTH)、射血分数(EF)、左心室的舒张功能(EPSS)等.结果 治疗8个月后,实验组患者的血红蛋白、血细胞比容与对照组比较明显升高(P＜0.05),超声心动图EF值明显升高,LVIDd、LVIDs、IVSd、PWTH、LVM、LVMI明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高通量血液透析联合左卡尼汀在改善尿毒症心肌病患者心肌重构及心功能方面有较好的疗效.     

麝香保心丸对慢性肾功能衰竭患者心血管并发症的治疗研究

本项研究采用麝香保心丸治疗慢性肾功能衰竭心血管并发症48例。并以丹参滴丸为对照,研究结果显示,麝香保心丸能明显改善脂代谢紊乱。通过检测有关实验室指标,认为麝香保心丸对心血管的作用是多方面的,较对照组能更好地改善心肌血供,抑制血管壁炎症,改善慢性肾功能衰竭的预后。     

三维圆周应变评价早期慢性肾病患者左心室心肌收缩功能变化

目的采用三维整体圆周应变(GCS)评价早期慢性肾病(CKD)患者左心室心肌收缩功能。方法选取26例CKD2期患者(CKD2期组)、20例CKD3期(CKD3期组)患者及30名健康志愿者(对照组)。对所有受检者行常规二维超声心动图和三维斑点追踪成像(3D-STE),测量并比较常规超声心动图指标,包括左心室舒张末期间间隔厚度(IVSTd)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左心室舒张末期后壁厚度(LVPWTd)、左心室舒张末期容积(EDV)和收缩末期容积(ESV),以及3D-STE指标,包括三维左心室射血分数(3D-LVEF)、三维左心室心肌质量指数(3D-LVMi)及左心室GCS。结果与对照组比较,CKD2期组的IVSTd增大,LVEDd、GCS减小;CKD3期组的IVSTd、LVESV、3D-LVMi增大,LVEDd、3D-LVEF、GCS减小;与CKD2期组比较,CKD3期组的IVSTd、3D-LVMi增大,LVEDd、GCS减小,以上差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论早期CKD患者左心室心肌收缩功能已减低,可通过GCS进行评价。     

血液透析联合血液灌流治疗尿毒症患者皮肤瘙痒的疗效

目的 观察血液透析联合血液灌流治疗尿毒症皮肤瘙痒患者的临床疗效.方法 选择我院72例维持性血液透析伴皮肤瘙痒患者,采用数字表法随机分为观察组(HD+ HP组)和对照组(HD组),每组各36例.对照组采用单纯血液透析(HD)治疗,每周3次,每次4小时;观察组在常规血液透析基础上加用2～3次/月的组合型人工肾治疗[血液透析(HD)联合血液灌流(HP)治疗].检测两组患者治疗前后β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH),并观察两组患者皮肤瘙痒改善情况.结果 治疗2个月后观察组患者血β2-MG、PTH比对照组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),皮肤瘙痒的程度明显减轻.结论 血液透析联合血液灌流可有效的清除血液中大分子毒素;有效缓解长期血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒症状,改善预后,提高了尿毒症患者生存质量.     

实时三维超声心动图评价心肌致密化不全患儿左心室收缩功能

目的探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价心肌致密化不全患儿左心室整体及局部收缩功能的价值。方法依据常规超声左心室射血分数(LVEF)将34例LVNC患儿分为LVEF正常组(A组,LVEF≥50%,25例)及LVEF减低组(B组,LVEF50%,9例),选取同期20名健康儿童作为正常对照组(C组),行RT-3DE检查,测量左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)及LVEF,计算收缩末期左心室最厚处非致密心肌/致密心肌比值(NC/C)并观察左心室17节段心肌受累情况,通过左心室容积-时间曲线分析获得节段舒张末期容积(rEDV)、节段收缩末期容积(rESV)及节段射血分数(rEF),并进行统计分析。结果与C组比较,A组LVEDV(t=-0.17,P=0.87)、LVESV(t=0.79,P=0.44)及LVEF(t=-1.72,P=0.10)差异均无统计学意义;B组LVEDV(t=1.62,P=0.15)差异亦无统计学意义,但LVESV明显增大(t=2.85,P=0.03),且LVEF明显减低(t=-6.15,P0.01)。A组NC/C与B组间差异无统计学意义(t=-1.15,P=0.27),但左心室心肌受累节段数更少(t=-4.59,P=0.03)。A组与C组间左心室17节段rEDV及rESV差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05),左心室中部后间隔、后壁及后侧壁、心尖部间隔、下壁及侧壁rEF差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。B组均与C组间左心室17节段rEDV差异无统计学意义(P均0.05),基底部后侧壁及前侧壁、中部前壁、前间隔、后壁、后侧壁及前侧壁、心尖部前壁、间隔及侧壁rESV、左心室17节段rEF差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论应用RT-3DE技术评估LVNC患儿整体和局部收缩功能有利于早期诊断、治疗和改善预后。     

上胸段硬膜外阻滞对缺血性心肌病顽固性心力衰竭患者血浆N末端原脑利钠肽浓度的影响

目的 评价上胸段硬膜外阻滞(HTEB)对缺血性心肌病(ICM)顽固性心力衰竭患者血浆N末端原脑利钠肽(NT-proBNP)浓度的影响.方法 ICM顽固性心力衰竭患者30例,年龄45～64岁,体重52～73kg,NYHA分级Ⅲ或IV级,随机分为2组:对照组(C组,n=14)和上胸段硬膜外阻滞组(HTEB组,n=16).C组行常规抗心力衰竭药物治疗;HTEB组于T3.4或T4,5间隙行硬膜外阻滞,阻滞范围T1-5,每隔2 h硬膜外腔注射0.5%利多卡因3 ml,每日6次,夜间停止给药,并辅以常规抗心力衰竭药物治疗.两组疗程均为4周.所有患者均于治疗前、治疗4周后行超声心动图检查,测量左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)及收缩末期容积(LVESV),计算左心室射血分数(LVEF).于治疗前和治疗2周后抽取静脉血样,采用电化学发光法检测血浆NT-proBNP浓度.结果 与治疗前比较,HTEB组治疗后LVEDD降低、LVEF和LVFS升高、血浆NT-proBNP浓度降低(P<0,05),c组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与C组比较,HTEB组治疗后LVEDD降低、LVEF和LVFS升高、血浆NT-proBNP浓度降低(P相似文献   

上胸段硬膜外阻滞对缺血性心肌病顽固性心力衰竭患者血浆N末端原脑利钠肽浓度的影响

目的 评价上胸段硬膜外阻滞(HTEB)对缺血性心肌病(ICM)顽固性心力衰竭患者血浆N末端原脑利钠肽(NT-proBNP)浓度的影响.方法 ICM顽固性心力衰竭患者30例,年龄45～64岁,体重52～73kg,NYHA分级Ⅲ或IV级,随机分为2组:对照组(C组,n=14)和上胸段硬膜外阻滞组(HTEB组,n=16).C组行常规抗心力衰竭药物治疗;HTEB组于T3.4或T4,5间隙行硬膜外阻滞,阻滞范围T1-5,每隔2 h硬膜外腔注射0.5%利多卡因3 ml,每日6次,夜间停止给药,并辅以常规抗心力衰竭药物治疗.两组疗程均为4周.所有患者均于治疗前、治疗4周后行超声心动图检查,测量左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)及收缩末期容积(LVESV),计算左心室射血分数(LVEF).于治疗前和治疗2周后抽取静脉血样,采用电化学发光法检测血浆NT-proBNP浓度.结果 与治疗前比较,HTEB组治疗后LVEDD降低、LVEF和LVFS升高、血浆NT-proBNP浓度降低(P<0,05),c组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与C组比较,HTEB组治疗后LVEDD降低、LVEF和LVFS升高、血浆NT-proBNP浓度降低(P相似文献   

上胸段硬膜外阻滞对缺血性心肌病顽固性心力衰竭患者血浆N末端原脑利钠肽浓度的影响

目的 评价上胸段硬膜外阻滞(HTEB)对缺血性心肌病(ICM)顽固性心力衰竭患者血浆N末端原脑利钠肽(NT-proBNP)浓度的影响.方法 ICM顽固性心力衰竭患者30例,年龄45～64岁,体重52～73kg,NYHA分级Ⅲ或IV级,随机分为2组:对照组(C组,n=14)和上胸段硬膜外阻滞组(HTEB组,n=16).C组行常规抗心力衰竭药物治疗;HTEB组于T3.4或T4,5间隙行硬膜外阻滞,阻滞范围T1-5,每隔2 h硬膜外腔注射0.5%利多卡因3 ml,每日6次,夜间停止给药,并辅以常规抗心力衰竭药物治疗.两组疗程均为4周.所有患者均于治疗前、治疗4周后行超声心动图检查,测量左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)及收缩末期容积(LVESV),计算左心室射血分数(LVEF).于治疗前和治疗2周后抽取静脉血样,采用电化学发光法检测血浆NT-proBNP浓度.结果 与治疗前比较,HTEB组治疗后LVEDD降低、LVEF和LVFS升高、血浆NT-proBNP浓度降低(P<0,05),c组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与C组比较,HTEB组治疗后LVEDD降低、LVEF和LVFS升高、血浆NT-proBNP浓度降低(P相似文献   

Therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin reduces cardiac size and improves heart function in chronic hemodialysis patients.

The substitution of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in chronic hemodialysis patients is often associated with the development of severe hypertension. In the present study, a systematical echocardiographic analysis was performed in 25 patients on maintenance hemodialysis during rhEPO therapy for at least 4 months. Referred to the total group, indices of left ventricular size decreased significantly. Left ventricular total volume and left ventricular mass were reduced considerably. Fractional fiber shortening and ejection fraction showed an impressing improvement. At a constant heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output were reduced. Myocardial thickness did not alter under chronic rhEPO therapy. When subgroups were formed with respect to changes in blood pressure, all parameters investigated behaved very similar to the total group, irrespective of changes in blood pressure. Five patients with coronary heart disease and clinical signs of myocardial insufficiency were evaluated separately. These patients showed a decrease in left ventricular size and no evidence of a deterioration of myocardial function. We conclude from our results that rhEPO therapy in patients on maintenance renal replacement therapy has beneficial effects on left ventricular size and function; these effects are not significantly counteracted by the development of hypertension.     

美托洛尔联合前列腺素E1对老年心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的：观察美托洛尔联合前列腺素E1（PGE1）对老年充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者血浆脑钠肽（BNP）浓度的变化及左室功能的影响。方法100例老年CHF患者,随机分为联合组（美托洛尔加前列腺素E1）、美托洛尔组和正常对照组。正常对照组按心力衰竭常规治疗进行强心、利尿、扩管、降压等治疗,美托洛尔组在常规治疗的基础上加用美托洛尔,联合治疗组则在常规治疗的基础上联合应用美托洛尔和前列腺素E1。治疗8周后,比较3组患者血浆BNP浓度变化、心功能包括左室射血分数（LVEF）和心输出量（CO）的改善程度。结果治疗8周后联合组总有效率高于美托洛尔组（P＜0.05）,高于对照组（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,联合组血浆BNP水平、LVEF及CO均有明显改善;与美托洛尔组相比,联合组血浆BNP水平、LVEF及CO差异亦有统计学意义。结论美托洛尔联合前列腺素E1可显著提高老年心力衰竭患者左心室射血分数和心输出量,降低BNP水平,值得临床参考和推广。     

血液灌流对尿毒症患者血清IL-1β、CRP和TNF-α水平的影响

目的观察血液灌流对维持性血液透析尿毒症患者血清中IL-1β、CRP和TNF-α的影响,以期为临床工作提供理论支持。方法收集93例尿毒症患者,随机分为观察组（51例）与对照组（42例）,对照组应用常规治疗和血液透析,观察组在常规治疗基础上加用血液灌流治疗,观察二组治疗前、治疗后血清中IL-1β、CRP和TNF-α的改变。结果尿毒症患者血清中IL-1β、CRP和TNF-α的表达增高,观察组与对照组治疗后血清中IL-1β、CRP和TNF-α的表达均下降,但是观察组下降值明显高于对照组。结论尿毒症患者应用血液透析和血液灌流进行治疗,能明显降低血清中IL-1β、CRP和TNF-α的表达,改善炎性微循环,临床中可以积极应用。     

黄芪注射液治疗慢性肾衰竭合并心力衰竭的临床疗效

目的:观察黄芪注射液治疗慢性肾衰竭合并心力衰竭的疗效。方法:将60例慢性肾衰合并心力衰竭病人分为两组。对照组30例予西医治疗。治疗组30例在西医治疗基础上加用黄芪注射液30 ml溶入10％G.S 250 ml中静脉滴注,qd连用10 d。结果:治疗组心功能明显改善,总有效率90％,明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室短轴缩短率(ΔD％)均显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:黄芪注射液能明显改善慢性肾衰病人的心功能。     

Baroreceptor, not left ventricular, dysfunction is the cause of hemodialysis hypotension

Many patients with chronic renal failure experience profound hypotension during hemodialysis. This has been attributed both to autonomic and ventricular dysfunction. In an attempt to distinguish which, if either, is important in this role, we assessed both autonomic and left ventricular function in 10 such patients. Cardioactive medication was stopped 24 hours prior to the investigations. Autonomic function was assessed from day/night blood pressure and heart rate variation and from the hemodynamic response to tilting and the Valsalva maneuver using an intra-arterial ambulatory monitoring technique. Left ventricular function was assessed scintigraphically both before and during hemodialysis. Day/night variation was significantly reduced in the patients with chronic renal failure (BP 13/7 +/- 8/6 mmHg, HR 5 +/- 4) compared with a control population (BP 36/28 +/- 10/5 mmHg, HR 19 +/- 6). Nine patients had a "square wave" response to the Valsalva maneuver. Both of these abnormalities are usually seen in patients with heart failure and are attributed to volume overload and a consequent failure of baroreceptor response. Blood pressure fell during hemodialysis (mean fall 40/22 +/- 20/10 mmHg) in all patients, but heart rate did not change (-2 +/- 16) despite the hypotension. All patients had a normal or high resting ejection fraction (mean 66%, range 55-79%), and there was no change during dialysis. This indicates that the hypotension was not due to left ventricular dysfunction in this group of patients, but to a failure of the baroreceptor response to volume depletion during hemodialysis.     

Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients is possible

Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients is possible. Left ventricular hypertrophy represents the major risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality. Therefore, their regression is mandatory. Since the causes of uremia-associated left ventricular hypertrophy are multifactorial, various therapeutic options can be considered: optimal control of arterial hypertension and volume status, optimal correction of metabolic acidosis, best possible correction of hypoalbuminemia and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism, modern pharmacotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of heart failure (use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in combination with angiotensin II receptor blockers and beta-blockers) and total correction of renal anemia. Following the proposed therapeutic strategies we could, by using echocardiography, distinguish in 100 hemodialysis patients the following 3 groups (on the average after 1.5 years): 36 patients with initially normal left ventricular mass index (LVMI (g/m2), F < 110; M < 130) maintained normal (group 1); in 31 patients with moderately increased LVMI full regression resulted (group 2); 33 patients with severely increased LVMI (group 3) had to be further divided into 2 sub-groups: 22 patients with significant improvement of LVMI, 11 patients with no, regression. For the first time we were able to show that it is possible to maintain initially normal LVMI during long-term treatment and to achieve complete regression and significant improvement of LVMI in our patients. However, since LVMI requires a long time to develop, a similarly long time must be estimated for its regression. However, 11 patients remained therapeutically resistant. In this group, severe heart diseases were often combined and highly prevalent, including ischemic heart and valve diseases and end-stage dilatative cardiomyopathy. These patients had to be transferred to cardiac surgery. Anemia is considered to be one of the most important factors for the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, total correction of renal anemia has to be strongly recommended in addition to other measures of our therapeutic strategy to maintain full or significant regression of left ventricular hypertrophy.     

Effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular performance. Analysis of echocardiographic subsets

To assess the effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular performance, we performed M-mode echocardiography on 31 patients with end-stage renal disease prior to and immediately following 4-hour chronic maintenance hemodialysis. Overall, hemodialysis produced a significant increase in mean heart rate and the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf), a significant decrease in mean stroke index and no significant change in mean cardiac index. Hemodialysis resulted in a significant increase in mean Vcf in the subset of patients with reduced mean Vcf prior to dialysis, but produced no significant change in mean Vcf in the group with normal predialysis mean Vcf. Hemodialysis resulted in a significant increase in mean Vcf in the subset of patients with normal left ventricular end-diastolic volume prior to dialysis, but produced no significant change in mean Vcf in the group with increased predialysis left ventricular end-diastolic volume. The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy appeared to blunt the expected increase in mean Vcf in the group with reduced mean Vcf prior to hemodialysis. These results suggest that predialysis left ventricular volume, wall thickness and contractility are important determinants of the effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular performance.     

全血预冲血液灌流联合血液透析治疗重症心力衰竭合并肾功能衰竭患者的临床研究

目的 探讨重症心力衰竭合并肾功能衰竭应用全血预冲透析管路后血液灌流联合血液透析治疗后的疗效.方法 选择2007年6月至2009年6月牡丹江市第一人民医院肾内科和心内一科重症心力衰竭合并肾功能衰竭患者48例.应用全血预冲透析管路后血液灌流联合血液透析治疗.每天1次,连续3 d.每次治疗前、后分别观察患者动脉血气分析(碳酸氧根离子、pH值、动脉血氧饱和度、动脉血氧分压、肾功能(血尿素氮、血肌酐)、血红蛋白、呼吸、心率、平均动脉压、中心静脉压水平.治疗前和第3次治疗后分别观察患者腩钠素、肿瘤坏死因子α水平及左室舒张未期内径、左室收缩末期内径、左室射血分数.结果 治疗过程中患者生命指标和血流动力学稳定.全部患者在治疗期间无一例死亡.治疗过程中生命指征平稳,第1次治疗后呼吸、心率、血红蛋白、中心静脉压、碳酸氢根离子、pH值、动脉血氧饱和度、动脉血氧分压、血尿素氮、血肌酐指标比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);平均动脉压治疗前、后比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);肺部湿啰音明显减少,尿最逐渐增加.经3次治疗后脑钠素、肿瘤坏死因子α水平显著下降,左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径、左室射血分数显著改善(P＜0.01).结论 血液预冲透析管路(血液灌流联合血液透析)治疗重症心力衰竭合并肾功能衰竭患者临床疗效好,安全性高.疗效观察指标容易采取且简便易行.