骨盆软骨肉瘤的影像学表现

[目的]探讨骨盆软骨肉瘤的影像学特点,提高影像诊断的准确性.[方法]回顾分析17例经病理证实骨盆软骨肉瘤的影像学资料,其中15例行DR(digital radiography)拍片,14例行CT检查,12例患者行MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)检查.[结果]15例DR检查中13例DR片清晰显示不规则骨质破坏,11例DR片清晰显示病灶内有大小不一钙化.14例CT表现骨质呈溶骨性或膨胀性破坏,周围不均匀密度软组织肿块,可见不规则钙化或骨化.12例MRI表现为骨质破坏,周围软组织肿块,边界不清;T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高、低混杂信号,脂肪抑制序列T2WI呈混杂高信号,增强扫描呈周边强化或分隔样强化.[结论]软骨肉瘤影像学特征表现为骨质不规则破坏,伴软组织肿块内钙化.DR、CT、MRI三者相结合有助于骨盆软骨肉瘤的诊断.     

CR、CT、MRI在脊柱结核诊断中的临床价值

[目的]评价计算机X线摄影(CR)、计算机断层成像(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)在脊柱结核诊断中的临床价值。[方法]回顾分析经病理证实的41例脊柱结核的影像学资料。41例做了CR,22例做了CT,31例均做了MRI。[结果]41例中38例CR片清晰显示骨质改变及椎间隙狭窄或消失,30例CR片可看到软组织阴影。22例CT均清晰显示了钙化,22例CT检查附件均未见明显异常,21例CT清晰显示椎体骨质改变,20例CT显示了软组织阴影。31例MRI均显示软组织均受累,附件均未见受累,其中29例椎间隙狭窄或消失。病变T1WI均以低信号为主,T2WI均以高信号为主。[结论]CR片仍为脊柱结核的基本检查方法,CT较好显示了结核的破坏范围及细微钙化,MRI对显示结核的侵犯范围、软组织异常及椎间盘异常有明显优势。三者相结合有助于脊柱结核的诊断。     

影像学评价长骨朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症

目的探讨长骨朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症(LCH)的影像学表现。方法回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的LCH患者的综合影像学资料。7例均接受X线平片检查,6例接受CT,4例接受MR,6例接受ECT检查。分析各种影像学检查的表现和诊断价值。结果共8处长骨病灶,7处位于骨干部,1处在干骺端,X线平片和CT示8处病灶均表现为溶骨性骨质破坏,其中6处边界清楚,2处周缘见少许骨质增生;6处周围骨膜增生明显,其中2处表现为多层骨膜增生,4处病灶旁可见骨膜新生骨。4处病灶呈T1WI低-等信号,T2WI上呈均质或不均质高信号,病灶周围均见明显骨髓水肿和软组织肿胀。MRI显示软组织肿块2处。ECT示6例共7处病灶均表现为放射性浓聚区。结论长骨LCH影像学表现有一定特征性,应用综合影像学检查可更好地诊断。     

腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学诊断价值

目的：探讨腱鞘巨细胞瘤的X线、CT及MRI诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析35例经手术病理证实的腱鞘巨细胞瘤病例资料。男16例，女19例；年龄7～66岁，平均39．4岁。所有病例行X线检查，8例行CT检查，16例行MR检查。结果：病变位于膝关节2例，踝关节6例，桡骨小头1例，腕关节2例，14例手部，10例足部。病变呈弥漫型10例，局灶型25例。X线：32例表现为骨旁稍高密度软组织肿块，3例正常。相应骨质受压侵蚀或小囊样破坏9例，明显骨质破坏5例。CT：能清晰显示软组织肿块及骨质破坏。MRI：在T1WI上接近于骨骼肌信号9例，稍低于骨骼肌信号7例，在T2WI上以低信号为主，混杂斑片状等高信号，6例可见少量积液改变。结论：X线可初步发现病灶及骨质破坏，CT观察骨质破坏较好，MRI特征性长T1短T2低信号，能清晰显示病灶范围及分型。     

X线平片、CT和MRI诊断滑膜骨软骨瘤病

目的比较X线、CT和MRI对滑膜骨软骨瘤病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析20例经手术病理证实的滑膜骨软骨瘤病患者的X线平片（n=18）、CT（n=20）和MRI（n=10）表现。结果 X线平片正确诊断15例,CT正确诊断18例,MRI正确诊断8例。X线平片、CT和MRI均能显示关节周围及关节内形态多样、大小不一、数量不等的游离体;X线平片和CT均可显示游离体的钙化;MRI可显示早期软骨游离体;CT和MRI可发现关节腔积液。结论 X线平片、CT及MRI均能诊断本病,CT和MR检查能发现X线平片不能检出的病灶和征象。     

脊椎良性与侵袭骨母细胞瘤的临床及CT、MRI表现比较

目的 比较脊椎良性与侵袭骨母细胞瘤的临床及CT、MRI表现。方法 选择本院2017年1月～2020年9月收治的90例脊椎骨母细胞瘤患者，根据病理检查结果，将其分为良性组35例和侵袭组55例。比较两组患者的临床和CT、MRI表现。结果 良性组的病程显著高于侵袭组，放射性疼痛、运动感觉障碍显著低于侵袭组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的夜间疼痛加剧、肌肉痉挛、肢体麻木比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在CT表现中，良性组的病灶直径、骨质破坏的占比显著低于侵袭组，病灶密度、病灶内骨化或钙化、周围骨质硬化的占比显著高于侵袭组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组边界、膨胀性改变的占比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在MRI表现中，两组周围软组织水肿、T1WI信号和T2WI信号分级、邻近软组织强化的占比比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);良性组脊髓受压、病灶强化的占比显著低于侵袭组，骨髓水肿的占比显著高于侵袭组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 脊椎良性骨母细胞瘤的神经症状较侵袭骨母细胞瘤轻，病灶更小，骨质破坏、脊髓受压...     

软骨肉瘤的X线平片和CT表现

目的分析软骨肉瘤的X线平片和CT表现特点。方法回顾性分析经病理证实16例软骨肉瘤的X线和CT表现。结果全部病例均显示骨质破坏,X线显示骨化和钙化11例,显示软组织肿块8例;CT显示钙化和骨化15例,显示软组织肿块13例。结论软骨肉瘤的X线平片和CT表现呈多样性,但有一定的特征性,CT在显示肿瘤骨化、钙化和软组织肿块有明显优势。     

骨孤立性浆细胞瘤的影像学表现分析

目的探讨骨孤立性浆细胞瘤(SBP)影像表现,以期提高影像学诊断准确率。方法收集经手术病理证实的19例SBP患者的临床和影像学资料,回顾性分析其影像学特征。结果病灶均为单发,发病部位:脊柱10例(胸椎7例,腰椎3例),扁骨3例(上颌骨1例,髂骨2例),长骨6例(肱骨3例,股骨2例,胫骨1例)。大部分病灶为膨胀性溶骨性骨质破坏,边界较清楚,骨皮质不完整,未见骨膜反应。病灶膨胀程度差异较大,内见粗大或细小骨嵴影,伴软组织肿块。MRI显示T_1WI类似肌肉信号,T_2WI及STIR高信号,无骨髓水肿。CT及MRI增强扫描显示明显强化。6例脊柱病灶可见"微脑征"。脊柱外病灶仅3例表现类似"微脑征"。结论 "微脑征"是脊柱SBP的特征性表现,脊柱外SBP可见骨皮质扭曲呈花边状。CT及MRI表现对该病的术前诊断有一定的价值。     

脊柱纤维结构不良的影像学特点

目的 :探讨脊柱纤维结构不良的影像学特征。方法 :回顾性分析2004年4月~2014年1月收治的10例经手术病理确诊的脊柱纤维结构不良患者的影像学资料,其中颈椎3例,胸椎4例,腰椎3例。男6例,女4例。所有病例均行X线平片、CT和MRI检查。根据影像学检查结果系统评估病灶部位、范围、基质密度、边界、附件有无受累、受累椎体骨皮质有无破坏,有无软组织肿块。结果:脊柱纤维结构不良X线平片表现为圆形或类圆形囊状低密度影,4例位于胸椎者显示不佳,余6例中5例基质密度均匀,6例边界清晰,所有患者均未见皮质破坏及软组织肿块。CT表现为类圆形低密度影,边界清晰,骨皮质略微变薄但连续性未破坏。基质密度均匀者7例,9例位于椎体内,1例累及附件骨,均未见皮质破坏及软组织肿块。MRI均表现为TIWI中均匀长T1信号,T2WI呈混杂偏低信号,在TIWI、T2WI及T2抑脂像中病灶周围均有较完整的低或极低信号环状带;2例增强扫描时病灶信号轻度强化。结论:脊柱纤维结构不良具有一定的良性瘤样病变的影像学特征,包括基质均匀、边界清晰、明显的硬化缘、无骨皮质破坏和软组织肿块,这些特征有助于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

骨内脂肪瘤的影像学表现及其诊断价值

目的探讨骨内脂肪瘤的X线、CT及MRI的影像学表现特点及其诊断价值。方法收集经病理证实或影像学结合临床诊断的7例患者8个骨内脂肪瘤病灶资料,分析其影像学表现特征。结果 X线表现为边界清晰透亮区,形态不规则,1个病灶内可见钙化,2个病灶显示骨间隔,6个病灶边缘硬化。CT表现为单一脂肪密度2个病灶,以脂肪为主混杂密度5个病灶,4个病灶有轻度膨胀感,4个病灶显示骨嵴或分隔,5个病灶内见钙化或骨化,6个病灶边缘有硬化。MRI表现出脂肪组织特征性的短T1长T2信号,同时脂肪抑制序列呈低信号,合并钙化、纤维化、黏液样变及坏死则信号混杂。均未见骨皮质破坏、骨膜反应或软组织肿块。结论骨内脂肪瘤的影像学表现多种多样,但均含有特征性的脂肪成分,病灶内钙化和病灶边缘硬化是其重要征象,X线诊断价值有限,CT和MRI依据含有特征性的脂肪成分,能正确诊断,避免不必要的穿刺或手术。     

Efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging in 139 children with tumors

One hundred thirty-nine children with neoplasms were studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This procedure was as accurate as computed tomography in predicting tumor histology, except that MRI was unable to detect small areas of tumor calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging could accurately identify the organ of origin of tumor masses and differentiate soft tissue from fat, fluid, or hemorrhage. In addition, MRI was helpful in planning surgery in many cases: It was better than computed tomography in defining the size and extent of soft-tissue tumor masses. It was accurate in defining the extent of the spread of bone sarcomas in the bone marrow. Without requiring the injection of intravenous contrast agents, it accurately defined displacement, encasement, or invasion of major abdominal blood vessels by Wilms' tumors and neuroblastomas. As a means of evaluating pediatric neoplasms, MRI is noninvasive, painless, and well tolerated by children, and it uses no radiation.     

Periosteal Ewing’s sarcoma: radiological imaging and histological features

Periosteal Ewing’s sarcoma is very rare. In this report, we describe three cases of periosteal Ewing’s sarcoma, illustrating the principal clinical, radiographic, and histologic features. The patients were aged 15, 16, and 20 years old, with an average of 17 years. The tumor occurred in the humerus in two and in the femur in one. Plain radiography showed a laminated periosteal reaction with a Codman’s triangle over a subperiosteal soft-tissue mass or saucerization. The unusual site of Ewing’s sarcoma was clearly visualized by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confirmed by histological examination. Chemotherapy and/or irradiation was employed before and after wide excision. The patients have survived an average of 6 years after the primary surgery. Received: 27 November 2000     

成骨肉瘤比较影像学诊断价值探讨

目的探讨骨肉瘤的X线、CT及MRI表现特征。方法回顾分析9例经病理证实的股骨下端骨肉瘤的各种影像学表现特征。结果骨肉瘤的基本征象有骨质破坏、肿瘤骨、骨膜反应和软组织肿块。X线特征与CT表现大致相同,但CT显示积液、肿瘤坏死、邻近侵犯及肿瘤与周围软组织的关系等优于X线,MRI则更能反映肿瘤的侵犯范围、跳跃灶及肿瘤与周围结构的关系。结论多种影像学检查方法都能反映骨肉瘤的表现特征,但X线与MRI结合可能是最佳选择。     

Soft-tissue haemangioma and periosteal new bone formation on the neighbouring bone

Deeply situated soft-tissue haemangioma sometimes causes periosteal new bone formation on the neighbouring bone. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the aetiological factors for this phenomenon. We studied 25 patients with soft-tissue haemangioma on whom plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed. We examined the presence or absence of periosteal new bone formation, haemangioma-bone distance, size of haemangioma and pain. Periosteal new bone formation was seen in 12 of 25 patients. In these 12 patients, the haemangioma was adjacent to the bone in 11 patients, while the haemangioma-bone distance was 4 mm in the other patient. In the remaining 13 patients who had no periosteal new bone formation, the haemangioma-bone distance was 5–27 mm. Pain in the former group was stronger than that in the latter group, the difference being statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in size of haemangioma between the two groups. Therefore, the main factor that induces periosteal new bone formation on the neighbouring bone was not the size of haemangioma, but the distance between the haemangioma and the bone. Received: 11 January 2001     

Magnetic resonance imaging of osteosarcomas. Comparison with computed tomography

This study was done to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of osteosarcomas and to determine the clinical usefulness of MRI in the evaluation of patients with these tumors. Ten patients with osteosarcomas were examined with a Picker MRI scanner (0.15 Tesla resistive magnet). All had computed tomograms available for comparison. For demonstrating tumor extent in marrow, MRI was superior to computed tomography (CT) in 60% and about equal to CT in 40%. For defining soft tissue mass, MRI was superior to CT in 40% and about equal to CT in 60%. Direct sagittal and coronal images on MRI and superior contrast differences between tumor and normal tissues with MRI were the reasons for the advantage of MRI in these instances. CT was superior in all cases for demonstrating calcifications. Overall, MRI is better than CT for defining local extent of osteosarcomas. It is of greatest value in the peripheral skeleton, in the medullary canal, and in soft tissues.     

Practical use of imaging technique for management of bone and soft tissue tumors

Imaging modalities including radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are necessary for the diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors. The history of imaging began with the discovery of X-rays in the 19th century. The development of CT, MRI, ultrasonography, and positron emission tomography (PET) have improved the management of bone and soft tissue tumors. X-ray imaging and CT scans enable the evaluation of bone destruction, periosteal reaction, sclerotic changes in lesions, condition of cortical bone, and ossification. MRI enables the assessment of tissue characteristics, tumor extent, and the reactive areas. Functional imaging modalities including ²⁰¹thallium (²⁰¹Tl) scintigraphy can be used to differentiate benign lesions from malignant lesions and to assess chemotherapeutic effects. Real-time assessment of soft tissue tumors by ultrasonography enables accurate and safe performance of surgery and biopsy. This article describes useful imaging modalities and characteristic findings in the management of bone and soft tissue tumors.     

MRI在脊柱肿瘤结核鉴别诊断中的价值

[目的]评价磁共振成像（MRI）在脊柱肿瘤、结核鉴别诊断中的价值。[方法]回顾分析经病理证实的63例脊柱病变（31例结核，32例肿瘤）MRI资料。[结果]32例肿瘤椎间盘均未受累，其中10例仅累及椎体，20例椎体、附件均受累，2例仅累及附件。31例结核软组织均受累，附件均未见受累，其中29例椎间隙狭窄或消失。无论结核，还是肿瘤，T1WI以低信号为主，T2WI以高信号为主。[结论]MRI有助于脊柱肿瘤、结核鉴别诊断，椎间盘未受累为肿瘤特点，椎间盘、软组织受累及附件完整为脊柱结核的特点。     

The study of epidurography and multispiral CT scanning examinations in the diagnosis of lumbar nerve root canal stenosis

Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are used for the diagnosis of lumbar nerve root canal stenosis by imaging measurement, but the findings have considerable variability and the specificity of these examinations is difficult to estimate. A prospective study was conducted to determine the association between epidurography and multispiral CT scanning and the diagnosis of lumbar nerve root canal stenosis. Twenty-nine patients underwent multispiral computed tomography epidurographies from December 2007 to October 2008, and among them 26 patients underwent all 3 examinations of CT, MRI, and multispiral computed tomography epidurography. Twenty-three patients underwent surgical treatment. The imaging features were investigated, and the sensitivity, specificity and total consistency rates were analyzed. Multispiral computed tomography epidurographies show the extent of soft-tissue as well as bone. The sensitivity of CTs, MRIs, and multispiral computed tomography epidurographies is 76.5%, 88.2% and 94.1%, specificity 60.0%, 60.0%, and 80.0%, and total consistent rate 72.7%, 81.0%, and 90.9%, respectively, for diagnosis of lumbar nerve root canal stenosis. Multispiral computed tomography epidurography could obtain the image findings giving consideration to both bone and soft-tissue by contrast medium and 3-dimensional reconstruction. Multispiral computed tomography epidurography was used because of its contrast medium distribution rather than its imaging measurement because it could avoid the variability between image findings and clinical pathological process. Multispiral computed tomography epidurography had better imaging characteristics for the diagnosis of lumbar nerve root canal stenosis than CT or MRI scans.