影像学分析在颈椎后纵韧带骨化中的应用价值

后纵韧带骨化（ＯＰＬＬ）是一种慢性退化性脊柱疾病,多见于颈椎。往往需要借助影像学检查确定诊断。怀疑ＯＰＬＬ者应常规拍摄椎侧位片。ＣＴ能够敏感地显示骨化块的厚度、形态及椎管狭窄的强度。ＭＲＩ的突出优点是能够清晰显示脊髓形态及髓内的异常信号变化,预测手术疗效。利用螺旋ＣＴ构建ＯＰＬＬ三维图象,可用以模拟手术,确定病变切除的入路及范围。Ｔ２加权ＭＲＩ图象上的髓内高信号代表可逆性水肿和不可逆病变两种病理拟     

MRI对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的诊断价值

本文对５６例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的ＭＲＩ检查结果进行回顾性分析,以探讨ＭＲＩ的诊断价值,重点观察骨折,韧带及椎间盘损伤、脊髓马尾损害及血肿情况。结果有５３例前、中柱骨折在ＭＲＩ图像上得到明确显示,其椎管狭窄及后凸畸形程度与Ｘ线平片或ＣＴ扫描结果成正相关,有非常显著的统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而ＭＲＩ所示韧带损伤多数无法根据Ｘ线平片或ＣＴ扫描结果作出诊断。作者认为,ＭＲＩ对于胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的诊断具有重要价值,必要时应与ＣＴ扫描同时选用。     

颈前路减压植骨术治疗后纵韧带骨化症

目的：分析颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的前路减压融合手术效果。方法：对４３例短节段后纵韧带骨化症进行颈椎前路减压植骨手术,男３１例,女１２例,其中切除１个椎节１０例（Ｉ组）,２个椎节１４例（Ⅱ组）,３个椎节１９例（Ⅲ组）,采用ＪＯＡ评定标准及颈椎Ｘ线拍片进行评判。     

胸椎后纵韧带骨化症13例分析

目的：进一步认识胸椎后纵韧带骨化（ＴＯＰＬＬ）症的诊断和治疗方法。方法：报告１３例ＴＯＰＬＬ患者发病情况,临床表现、Ｘ线征、ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ检查及治疗情况。结果：经休守治疗,１３例均效果不佳。１０例行手术治疗。后路椎板切除减压５例,３例症状改善,１例部分恢复,１例加重;后路椎板切除加骨化韧带切除１例,术后症状加重;侧前方入路３例,２例症状恢复,１例部分恢复。１例作环状减压术后完全恢复。结论：ＣＴ、ＭＲ     

无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤（附17例报告）

１７例无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤患者均为颈椎过伸性损伤，Ｘ线片示颈椎无骨折，脱位。受伤前患有颈椎病６例，强直性脊柱炎２例，１７例中１２例行脊髓造影，ＣＴ检查，４例椎间盘突退变，３例后纵韧带骨化，１例椎体后缘骨刺，３例存在发育性椎管狭窄，２例ＭＲＩ检查可见脊髓病理改变，发现伤前存在发育性或退行或性颈椎管狭窄者，虽受伤外力轻，但脊髓损伤重，脊髓功能也恢复差。     

无骨折脱位颈椎外伤合并颈脊髓损伤的MRI表现及其临床意义

目的：了解无骨折脱位颈椎外伤合并颈脊髓损伤的磁共振（ＭＲＩ）表现及其临床意义。方法：自１９９０年１月～１９９５年１２月共治疗该病患者共１１６例。入院时均行颈椎Ｘ线及ＭＲＩ检查。对ＭＲＩ表现及与治疗的关系,预后的判断,进行了分析。结果：本组病例Ｘ线及ＭＲＩ检查均未见颈椎骨折及脱位。４９例有发育性颈椎管狭窄,３８例有颈椎Ｏ－ＰＬＬ,３７例有颈椎黄韧带增生、肥厚或骨化,２３例颈椎间盘退变突出及椎体后缘增     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症伴发育性椎管狭窄的临床特点及治疗

[目的]探讨颈椎后纵韧带骨化症伴发育性椎管狭窄的临床特点及其治疗。[方法]对76例颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据原始X线片测量颈椎椎体、椎管矢状径,计算Pavlov比值,根据计算结果将患者分为伴发育性椎管狭窄颈椎后纵韧带骨化症组（DSS组）和不伴发育性椎管狭窄颈椎后纵韧带骨化症组（NDSS组）。根据CT分别测量两组骨化灶最大厚度,计算椎管矢状径残存率。其中前路手术4例,后路手术72例,按JOA标准评分判断术后改善率。[结果]DSS组53例,NDSS组23例;NDSS组骨化灶最大厚度比DSS组大,有统计学意义;发病时两组椎管矢状径残存率有差异,但是无统计学意义;两组术前、术后3个月JOA评分有差别,但是无统计学意义。[结论]发育性椎管狭窄是影响颈椎后纵韧带骨化症病程的重要病理基础,创伤是诱发其发病的主要因素,后路减压术是一种较合理的治疗方式。     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症15例X线分析

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症１５例Ｘ线分析湖北沙市第二人民医院（４３４０００）刘克禄本院于１９８０～至１９８６年，在７３８例颈椎照片中发现具有颈椎后纵韧带量化症特征性ｘ线表现者１５例，现分析如下。临床资料男７例，女８例；年龄最小２１岁，最大５７岁，４０岁～５７...     

胸椎黄韧带骨化的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨胸椎黄韧带骨化的诊断和治疗。方法：分析２２例病人的临床表现、影像学检查和手术方法。结果：最常见早期症状是下肢麻木、无力和间歇跛行,多数侧位Ｘ线片和断层片显示骨化韧带。ＣＴ全部表现为不同程度骨样密度区。ＭＲＩ主要表现为黄韧带附着区,Ｔ１Ｗ１和Ｔ２Ｗ１像增厚的异常低信号影,１９便病人行后路椎板切除和骨化韧带切除,完全恢复８例,部分恢复９例,加重２例,漂浮法者无加重,半环状减压３例,１例完全恢     

后纵韧带钩辅助下颈椎后纵韧带骨化物切除减压术

目的探讨后纵韧带钩辅助下颈椎后纵韧带骨化物前路切除的适应证、方法及其临床效果。方法患者19例，男14例，女5例；年龄51-71岁，平均59岁。术前影像学检查结果示后纵韧带骨化物局限型6例，分节型13例；椎管狭窄率32％-75％，平均54％。术前神经功能JOA评分4-14分，平均9．6分。行颈前路常规手术入路，椎体开槽切骨达椎体后壁，范围超过后纵韧带骨化灶。利用后纵韧带钩插入后纵韧带下，钩起后纵韧带及骨化物，在后纵韧带与硬膜间形成一间隙，直视下用超薄型枪状咬骨钳切除后纵韧带及骨化物，而后植骨固定，恢复颈椎稳定性。结果随访6-36个月，平均16个月。术后JOA评分8～16分，平均12．8分，恢复率42％＇-92％，其中疗效优9例，良7例，可3例，优良率84．2％。4例患者术后并发脑脊液漏，保守治疗后均获得痊愈。术后CT和MR检查显示骨化后纵韧带切除完全，脊髓和硬膜囊形态恢复良好。结论后纵韧带钩可提高颈椎前路手术切除后纵韧带骨化物的安全性和有效性，适用于局限型和分节型、切除范围在两个椎节之间的颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者。     

56例无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤手术疗效分析

目的 :探讨无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤早期手术治疗效果。方法 :自 1996年收集我院 5 6例无骨折脱位颈髓损伤病人。入院后给予 MRI和 X线检查 ,其中后纵韧带骨化 17例 ,特发性弥漫性骨肥厚症 4例 ,黄韧带骨化 8例 ,颈椎管狭窄 15例 ,其中 2 3例于伤后 3d内手术。19例为晚期手术 ,14例保守治疗。结果 :早期手术满意 ,较大于 72 h手术与保守治疗的效果明显改善 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,术后未见颈椎不稳与再关门 ,所有病人均在入院后进行 Frankel分级 ,2 w后出院再次评分 ,早期手术组改善率明显高于其他两组 ,X线显示颈椎内径增加 ,椎管扩大 MRI显示颈椎后侧减压明显。结论 :无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤早期正确诊断 ,手术可获得满意疗效     

颈椎管扩大成形术的术式及有关问题探讨

应用颈椎管扩大成形术治疗１６例颈椎疾患，其中发育性颈椎管狭窄症６例、多椎间隙颈椎间盘病７例、颈椎后纵韧带骨化症３例。８例行双开门式颈椎管扩大成形术，３例双开门式十中央植骨固定术，５例行单开门式颈椎管扩大成形术，本组病例经５个月以上（平均１５个月）随访，疗效满意。作者认为经后路多节段颈椎管扩大成形术既能获得有效的脊髓减压，又能维持颈椎的稳定性。     

Expansive open‐door laminoplasty and selective anterior cervical decompression and fusion for treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Objective: To evaluate the clinical results of combined expansive open‐door laminoplasty by splitting of spinous processes and selective anterior cervical decompression and fusion in treatment of multilevel severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods: Twenty‐eight patients (16 men and 12 women) underwent one‐stage combined expansive open‐door laminoplasty and selective anterior decompression and fusion for severe CSM; the average patient age was 51.3 years (range, 32–63 years). Clinical results were assessed by Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, number of finger grip and releases (G and R) in ten seconds, hand‐grip strength, visual analog scale (VAS) of axial pain, and C2‐C7 angle. Results: There was no worsening of neurological symptoms due to cord injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or wound infection. All cases completed one‐year follow‐up. The JOA scores, number of G and R in ten seconds, and hand‐grip strength were all significantly improved (P < 0.05). Satisfactory decompression was shown by MRI or CT to have been achieved in all cases. The C2‐C7 angle did not differ significantly from that found pre‐operatively. The axial neck pain score was 2.0 ± 0.1 on VAS. Conclusion: Combined expansive open‐door laminoplasty by splitting of spinous processes and selective anterior decompression and fusion achieves complete spinal canal decompression with minimal morbidity; this strategy is effective in improving the surgical outcomes of CSM in one‐year follow‐up.     

“锚定法”改良单开门椎板成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的评价“锚定法”改良单开门椎板成形术治疗多节段脊髓型脊椎病的疗效。方法我科在2003年1月～2007年2月收治78例多节段脊髓型颈椎病,采用后正中入路单开门椎板成形术进行回顾性分析。结果78例患者获得随访1～5年,平均2．6年。术前平均JOA评分8．9分。随访时JOA平均评分15．8,平均改善率为69％。术后侧位X线片示椎管直径扩大1．8～7．6mm,平均4．7mm,椎管扩大率为16％～100％,平均45％;MR示脊髓解除压迫。术后末次随访时35例仍然有颈部疼痛、僵硬感和活动受限。未见螺钉松动和再“关门”现象。结论“锚定法”改良单开门椎板成形术是治疗多节段脊髓型脊椎病安全有效的手术方法,并使椎管扩大保持稳定持久。     

Expansive laminoplasty for myelopathy in ossification of the longitudinal ligament

Laminectomy, which had long been used for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, including ossification of the longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine, had numerous complications such as postoperative malalignment of the cervical spine and vulnerability of the spinal cord caused by total removal of the posterior structures. In 1977 Hirabayashi devised an open door expansive laminoplasty, which is a relatively easier and safer procedure than laminectomy, that eliminated such problems by preserving the posterior elements. The decompression effect of the expansive laminoplasty against a compressed spinal cord is comparable with that of laminectomy and anterior decompression followed by fusion, whereas the expansive laminoplasty has no structural problems and adverse effects on adjacent disc levels that often are associated with anterior decompression followed by fusion. Average recovery rate of expansive laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy has been reported to be approximately 60% (Japanese Orthopaedic Association score) and with long term stability. At present, authors consider all patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy candidates for expansive laminoplasty except for those having preoperative kyphosis and single level lesion without canal stenosis. Two remaining problems of expansive laminoplasty to be solved are prevention of C5,C6 radicular pain and/or paresis, the most frequent complication that occurs in approximately 5% to 10% of the patients, although most complications resolve spontaneously within 2 years, and correction of nonlordotic alignment to lordosis which are essential for posterior decompression effect of expansive laminoplasty by allowing the spinal cord to shift dorsally.     

单开门颈椎椎管扩大成型术的远期疗效观察

目的 了解单开门颈椎椎管扩大成型术治疗颈椎椎管狭窄症的远期效果。方法 对９８例颈椎椎管狭窄症患者施行了单开门颈椎椎管扩大成型术,其中６１例获得随访,平均随访１１年８个月。结果 颈椎后纵韧带骨化症（ＯＰＬＬ）组３２例,发育性颈椎椎管狭窄（ＤＣＳ）组２０例脊髓型颈椎病（ＣＳＭ）组８例,三组均在术后３年时疗效最佳,ＪＯＡ评分平均改善率分别为７２．３０％～６７．８％和（ＣＳＭ）组８例,三组均在术后３年时疗     

颈椎椎弓根钉固定结合单开门椎管扩大成形治疗颈椎管狭窄伴无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的临床研究

目的探讨颈椎椎弓根钉固定结合单开门椎管扩大成形治疗颈脊髓前方无局限性压迫、颈椎不稳定的颈椎管狭窄伴无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的临床疗效。方法自2006-06--2011-03纳入颈椎管狭窄伴无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤44例。包括脊髓中央综合征26例,前脊髓损伤综合征12例,Brown-Sequard综合征4例,其他2例。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。获12—60个月随访40例,平均（25．2±17．6）个月,末次随访时JOA脊髓功能评分改善率为68．5％;但双上肢功能恢复较差,出现双手不同程度肌肉萎缩5例;X线片检查显示颈椎生理曲度良好,无断钉、断棒及颈椎失稳;CT检查显示螺钉位置良好,椎管扩大成形满意,无门轴断裂及再关门。结论颈椎椎弓根钉固定结合单开门椎管扩大成形治疗颈脊髓前方无局限性压迫、颈椎不稳定的颈椎管狭窄伴无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤可取得较满意疗效。     

微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果

【摘要】〓目的〓评价微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法〓2008年1月~2012年2月,观察46例多节段脊髓型颈椎病(MCSM)行微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术的脊髓型颈椎病患者,对比术前及术后JOA评分,在CT上测量C5节段椎管术前、术后6个月的矢状径,计算椎管扩大率[(术后椎管矢状径-术前椎管矢状径)/(术前椎管矢状径)×100%],观察单开门门轴侧骨融合情况。结果〓平均随访18个月(6~24个月)。术前平均JOA评分8.2分,术后平均JOA评分14.8分。C5节段椎管矢状径术前为8.6±1.1 mm,术后6个月为16.1±0.9 mm,椎管扩大率为(74.3±14.4)%。术后6个月,可以观察到单开门门轴侧骨融合,无螺钉松动及再“关门”现象。结论〓微型钛板改良单开门椎管成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病临床效果满意,防止再关门。     

Treatment of myelopathy due to cervicothoracic OPLL via open door laminoplasty

STUDY DESIGN: Postoperative long-term follow-up study of open door laminoplasty for the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the thoracic spine. OBJECTIVES: Techniques and outcomes of open door laminoplasty were described. The efficacy of this procedure was discussed and compared with other surgical methods for thoracic OPLL reported in the literature. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: OPLL of the thoracic spine is often associated with cervical OPLL or ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL) of the thoracic spine; therefore, it is extremely difficult to determine the most appropriate surgical therapeutic procedure. There are very few detailed reports about extensive laminoplasty for OPLL of the thoracic spine. METHODS: The subjects included in this study consisted of 13 consecutive patients of thoracic OPLL who were surgically treated between 1994 and 2003 by the open door laminoplasty using the spinal processes and ligament complex as spacers for the open side. The number of manipulated lamina, including the cervical spine, was from 7 to 14 (mean 10 laminae), the follow-up period was 75 months on average. We evaluated the clinical symptoms by the JOA scoring method and postoperative bone union and thoracic kyphosis by plain x-ray photograph and computed tomography. RESULTS: Postoperatively, the JOA score improved from an average of 5.5 to 8.5 out of a maximum of 11 points and the mean recovery rate by Hirabayashi method was 54.5%. In all cases, bone union was seen at the hinge side between the opened lamina and the lateral mass. Neither restenosis of the opened lamina nor marked progression of kyphosis were seen on the final follow-up observation in any patient. There was no postoperative spinal cord injury. CONCLUSIONS: Open door laminoplasty is a useful procedure for OPLL of the thoracic spine. This method enables wide-range posterior decompression, especially for the continuous type OPLL extending from the cervical spine to the thoracic spine, even if the apex of the thoracic kyphosis is included.     

胸椎后纵韧带骨化的临床特点及治疗策略

目的回顾研究手术治疗胸椎后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)的临床特点及治疗方法。方法1991至2005年手术治疗胸椎OPLL55例,男19例,女36例;年龄35～73岁,平均51.9岁。均伴有脊髓损害。手术方式包括单纯椎管后壁切除术34例、前方OPLL切除减压术15例以及前后路联合手术6例。结果55例中36例(65.5%)合并胸椎黄韧带骨化(OLF),18例(32.7%)合并颈椎OPLL。单纯发生于上胸椎的OPLL13例(23.6%),中胸椎12例(21.8%),下胸椎及胸腰段17例(30.9%),广泛分布者13例(23.6%)。43例获得随访,平均随访时间47.1个月(6～168个月)。37例神经功能有改善,改善率为76.6%,无改善2例,加重4例。前方入路获随访者13例,其中3例症状加重,余改善率平均为82.9%(42.9%～100%)。后路椎管后壁切除术获随访者25例,1例无改善,1例加重,余改善率平均为72.6%(22.2%～100%)。前后路联合手术获随访5例,1例无改善,余改善率平均为83.9%。结论胸椎OPLL常合并胸椎OLF及颈椎OPLL。上胸椎OPLL合并颈椎管狭窄可一期行颈后路单开门及上胸椎椎管后壁切除术。两个节段以内的OPLL且不合并有造成脊髓压迫的胸椎OLF可行前路OPLL切除减压术,否则行后路椎管后壁切除术。单节段的OPLL合并胸椎OLF可行前后路联合手术。