无骨折脱位的颈部创伤致颈脊髓损伤的MR表现及临床意义

无骨折脱位的颈部创伤致颈脊髓损伤的ＭＲ表现及临床意义杨利民，苏平，安丰新，孙立高，吴新彦，姜立民，于洪文，艾登斌我院自１９９３年２月～１９９４年５月对１５例颈椎外伤后Ｘ线片、ＣＴ扫描或低磁场ＭＲ检查未见颈椎骨折脱位的患者行高磁场ＭＲ（１．５Ｔ）检查，...     

过伸性颈髓损伤的治疗体会

过伸性颈髓损伤的治疗体会常伶文栾金达苗重昌李垠刘宝文１９８５年以来，共收治过伸性颈髓损伤２１例。在颈椎正侧位Ｘ线片上，均无明显的骨折及脱位。临床表现从上肢运动受限到四肢瘫轻重不等。１７例经ＭＲＩ检查均显示出相应椎前软组织阴影增宽、出血、前纵韧带撕裂、...     

无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的核磁共振成像诊断

对２０例无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的ＭＲＩ检查结果做分析，将无骨折脱位颈髓损伤分为不伴有颈椎疾病组和伴有颈椎疾病组。两组在年龄、致伤原因、ＭＲＩ图像、治疗方法及治疗效果上存在着差异。ＭＲＩ是诊断无骨折型颈髓损伤的一种有效检查手段，并有助于制订外科治疗计划和预后判断。     

对急性创伤性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的病因探讨

作者报道近年来收治的急性创伤性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤患者２７例。常规Ｘ线及ＣＴ扫描均不能确切了解脊髓损伤的真正原因和致伤机理。１６例经ＭＲＩ检查表明两种机制造成了脊髓损伤：（１）脊髓的一过性挫伤。由伤时椎间瞬间的小位移造成，原先存在的颈椎退变因素也参与了损伤。（２）脊髓的持续性压迫。主要由急性外伤性椎间盘突出造成。作者强调对本病的诊断应提高警惕，对Ｘ线等检查无骨折脱位而临床表现有脊髓损伤者应首选ＭＲＩ检查。     

急性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨急性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的诊断及手术治疗方法。方法：对１３例接受手术治疗的患者行ＭＲＩ、体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）和运动诱发电位（ＭＥＰ）检查。１３例均采用颈髓前减压和植骨融合术治疗。结果 １３例患者ＭＲＩ检查均发现有颈椎间盘突出压迫脊髓及相应节段脊髓损伤征象,双上肢各神经的ＳＥＰ和ＭＥＰ均能引出。术后随访５个月￣２年６个月,１３例均有不同程度恢复。结论 无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤主要为过伸急性外     

Caspar撑开器和颈椎带锁钢板治疗下颈椎骨折脱位

下颈椎骨折脱位临床并不少见 ,但采用何种治疗方式尚有争议。我院自1 998年 3月以来 ,采用颈椎前路减压、Ｃａｓｐａｒ撑开器下复位、自体髂骨植骨及Ｏｒｉｏｎ钢板内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位2 2例 ,效果满意 ,报告如下。临床资料　本组男 1 7例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 2 8～ 61岁 ,平均 40 8岁。受伤至就诊时间 :1周 1 6例 ,1 2周 4例 ,2 4周 2例。就诊时脊髓功能评价 :ＦｒａｎｋｅｌＤ级6例 ,Ｅ级 1 6例。入院后均行Ｘ线检查 ,6例合并神经症状的行ＭＲＩ检查。Ｘ线表现为椎体间移位和成角畸形 ,损伤节段椎间高度降低 ,颈椎生理弧度不连续 ,椎体间…     

脊柱无放射影像骨折脱位的胸髓损伤1例报告

脊柱无放射影像骨折脱位的脊髓损伤是指普通Ｘ线片、ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ检查无骨折、脱位的一类特殊脊髓损伤,多发生在颈髓。我院于１９９８年８月３日收治１例无脊柱骨折脱位的胸髓损伤合并其它复合伤的病例,报告如下。患者,男,２３岁,因交通事故被车撞伤,头、胸、四肢损...     

颈椎病与急性颈脊髓损伤

从１９８０年１０月至１９９４年１月我们收治４１例无颈椎骨折脱位的急性颈脊髓损伤，同时在Ｘ线、ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ皆有颈椎病的改变。分两组治疗方法比较，手术组皆在颅骨牵引下进行颈椎前路减压、钩椎关节增生部刮除、取自体髂骨或异体骨作椎间植骨融合术，非手术组行颅骨牵引、脱水、皮质激素、神经营养药物、中药及激光血疗，以及早期康复脊髓功能。随访１－９年４个月，平均５年１个月。手术组优１４例、显效４例、差３例。非手术     

MRI在髋部隐性骨折诊断中的作用

髋部无移位骨折在Ｘ线片上有时难于诊断,漏诊后易造成移位,从而影响其治疗及预后,作者对３３例有创伤后髋部疼痛,而Ｘ线检查阴性的病人进行ＭＲＩ扫描,结果报告如下。１　材料和方法１９９５年１月～１９９６年９月急诊科收治７７０例创伤后髋部疼痛的病人,３３例（平均年龄７２岁）临床疑诊髋部骨折但Ｘ线检查阴性的病人在入院后４８ｈ内做了ＭＲＩ检查。所有病人均用ＧＥ１－５Ｔ的ＳｉｇｍａＭＲＩ进行扫描,使用３种成像扫描法,即冠状面快速ＳＴＩＲ像（ＴＲ：３８００,ＴＥ：５１,ＴＩ１２０）、冠状面Ｔ１加权像（ＴＲ：５０…     

无骨折脱位的急性颈脊髓损伤与颈椎管狭窄

无骨折脱位的急性颈脊髓损伤与颈椎管狭窄章银灿头颈部创伤所致的颈椎骨折脱位伴脊髓损伤较常见，而Ｘ线摄片未见骨折脱位的颈脊髓受损亦非少见。自国内１９８７年党耕町等报道以来，我们重视了这种损伤。我院自１９８７年６月～１９９３年１０月，共急诊收治颈部创伤６１...     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.