不同矢状骨面型无鼾症青年上气道形态的锥形束CT分析

目的研究不同矢状骨面型的无鼾症青年错牙合畸形患者上气道形态和舌骨位置的差异。方法在自然头位下,对Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类矢状骨面型无鼾症青年错牙合畸形患者各30例进行锥形束CT扫描,借助Dolphin imaging 11.0图像分析软件进行三维重建,并分别测量上气道腭后区、舌后区的矢状径、横径、轴面面积以及上气道容积,最小轴面面积和上气道长度。使用Winceph 7.0软件对侧位片进行头影测量以及舌骨位置的测量,并对测量结果进行统计学分析。结果Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类矢状骨面型组舌后区及腭后区轴面面积均小于Ⅲ类矢状骨面型组。Ⅱ类矢状骨面型组与Ⅲ类矢状骨面型组间的舌后区矢状径,横径,上气道容积,舌骨位置有显著差异性。结论不同矢状骨面型无鼾症青年错牙合畸形患者上气道形态和舌骨位置存在一定的差异,差异有统计学意义。矢状向颌骨关系对上气道形态和舌骨位置有一定影响。     

成都正常人群上颌前牙区鼻腭管相关解剖结构的锥形束CT研究

目的 用锥形束CT(CBCT)分析上颌前牙区鼻腭管及唇侧骨的形态.方法 收集并筛选出712例正常人上颌前牙区CBCT影像,对其鼻腭管、唇侧骨的相关参数进行测量分析.结果 研究对象年龄范围在5～80岁,男306例(43.0％),女406例(57.0％).鼻腭管矢状面平均长度为(13.58±2.22)mm,矢状面平均直径为(3.37±1.58) mm,唇侧骨矢状面平均厚度为(7.63±1.50)mm,鼻腭管直径与唇侧骨厚度相对值为0.46±0.19,长度相对值为0.69±0.10.结论 各年龄段人群之间鼻腭管的直径、长度和唇侧骨厚度存在一定差异.儿童的鼻腭管直径小于成人(P＜0.000 1),唇侧骨厚度大于成人(P＜0.000 1).随着年龄的增长,鼻腭管直径和长度均呈递增趋势,唇侧骨厚度递减.男性的鼻腭管直径、长度和唇侧骨厚度、长度均大于女性.     

Le Fort I 型截骨术相关骨性解剖标志的多层CT测量研究

目的:应用多层CT影像测量上颌与LeFortI型截骨手术相关骨性解剖标志,为避免损伤腭降动脉提供指导.方法:选择60例正常成人上颌多层CT扫描图像,应用efilm1.94图像处理软件测量.结果:颧牙槽嵴至翼腭管的距离平均为26mm;翼突的宽度平均为13mm;犁状孔边缘至翼腭管的距离平均为37mm;前后鼻棘的距离为47mm;犁状孔边缘至翼腭管连线与矢状面的角度为7°8'.结论:参照测量获得的解剖数据在术中能降低腭降动脉损伤的发生率.     

成人圆孔锥形束CT测量研究

目的:探讨成人正常圆孔的解剖形态,为临床提供指导。方法:通过锥形束CT(CBCT)对200个正常国人的圆孔解剖形态进行观测。结果:圆孔与蝶窦的关系分为窦旁型、窦内型、部分窦内型3类。矢状面上圆孔的走行分为3类:①斜向前下方走行;②前后向走行,平行于横断面走行;③斜向前上方走行。(斜)横断面或横断面上圆孔的走行分3类:①前外到后内方走行;②由前向后互相平行走行;③前内向后外方向走行。矢状面上圆孔前方开口的直径为(3.35±0.61)mm,后方开口的直径为(3.28±0.60)mm,长度为(6.91±1.51)mm;(斜)横断面上圆孔前方开口的直径为(3.50±0.76)mm,后方开口的直径为(3.25±0.45)mm,长度为(6.83±1.76)mm;腭大孔到圆孔前方开口的距离为(34.91±2.31)mm。结论:CBCT可以精确地观测到圆孔的解剖形态,为临床手术提供指导。     

健康成年人颞下颌关节上腔造影螺旋CT扫描图像分析

目的 探讨健康成年人开闭口位颞下颌关节(TMJ)上腔造影螺旋CT扫描图像的三维断面形态.方法 选择5名健康成年男性志愿者,左侧TMJ上腔行76%泛影葡胺造影,在开闭口位行螺旋CT扫描,分别截取经关节窝顶点的矢状面和冠状面图像以及关节窝高度中点的横断面图像,并与3具TMJ局部解剖标本进行对照,分析关节上腔形态与下颌运动的关系.结果 健康成年人闭口位关节上腔造影的矢状面、冠状面及横断面图像分别为"S形"、"半圆弧形"和"圆环形";开口位关节上腔造影的矢状面、冠状面及横断面图像分别为"月牙形"、中间部分扩张的"S形"和"半圆形";关节上腔形态能反映关节盘在开闭口运动中的位置变化和颞骨关节面的形态.结论 健康TMJ上腔造影经螺旋CT扫描的图像能综合反映关节上腔及其毗邻组织在开闭口位的形态和结构,为颞下颌关节疾病的影像学检查提供正常对照资料,为TMJ的生理运动和临床诊断研究提供依据.     

锥形束CT测量不同矢状骨面型无鼾症成年错(牙合)畸形患者上气道形态

目的 研究不同矢状骨面型无鼾症成年错(牙合)患者上气道形态的差异.方法 对I类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类矢状骨面型无鼾症成年错殆畸形患者各20例进行锥形束计算机体层摄影术(CBCT)扫描,借助Ez 3D 2009图像分析软件分别测量硬腭至会厌底段上气道的矢状径、横径、横截面积、长度、容积等,并对测量结果进行统计学分析.结果 不同矢状骨面型组各测量平面的气道截面积,SP平面、TE平面、EB平面气道矢状径,腭咽段上气道容积及上气道总容积的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),I类、Ⅱ类矢状骨面型组各测量平面截面积、SP、TE、EB平面矢状径,腭咽容积、上气道总容积均小于Ⅲ类矢状骨面型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 不同矢状骨面型无鼾症成年错(牙合)畸形患者上气道形态间差异有统计学意义.无鼾症成年错(牙合)畸形患者上气道形态受矢状向颌骨关系影响.     

高角成人口咽气道形态与颌骨形态间的关系

目的 通过锥形束CT(CBCT)图像分析高角成人口咽气道的形态与颌面骨骼形态间关系.方法在南昌大学附属口腔医院就诊的患者中随机选取60名高角成人患者的CBCT图像,利用InvivoDental 5.1分析软件对每位患者的口咽气道各部进行线距、体积以及最小截面积测量,将所有气道测量数据分别与颌骨形态相关指标进行Pearson相关分析.结果在男性组中SNB角与软腭尖矢状径、腭咽气道体积、舌咽气道体积、口咽气道总体积、最小截面积呈正相关,GoGn-SN角与软腭尖矢状径、会厌顶矢状径、腭咽气道体积、舌咽气道体积、口咽气道总体积、最小截面积呈负相关,S-Go/N-Me与软腭尖矢状径呈正相关;在女性组中SNA角与后鼻棘横径呈负相关,SNB角与舌咽气道高、后鼻棘横径、软腭尖横径呈负相关,GoGn-SN角与舌咽气道高呈正相关.结论高角成人口咽气道大小形态与颌骨形态间存在一定联系.在男性组中,随着下颌骨位置的前移,口咽气道有增大的趋势,随着下颌骨顺时针旋转,口咽气道有减小甚至阻塞的趋势;而在女性组中,随着上下颌骨位置的改变,口咽气道仅表现为局部形态的变化.     

鼻种植相关的切牙管三维重建的影像学研究

目的:明确切牙管区的解剖结构,为鼻缺失后种植体支持的赝复体修复提供依据,以明确种植钉植入部位及方向。方法:对60例正常咬合人群的上颌骨进行64排螺旋CT扫描和三维重建,观察切牙管开口的形状及周围骨质形态,并在中切牙之间的矢状位截面上测量切牙管的长度、鼻腔和口腔开口的纵径、与鼻底平面所成角度及与牙槽骨前壁的距离。结果:研究得出了切牙管口腔开口的形态、平均长度、口腔和鼻腔开口的矢状径、切牙管口腔开口和鼻腔开口距牙槽骨前壁的距离、切牙管前壁与鼻底平面的交角∠α、上前牙牙槽突与鼻底平面的交角∠β。结论:切牙管与牙槽骨前壁之间可植入直径5mm以内的种植体1枚,方向由后上方向前下方,与鼻底所成的角度介于∠α与∠β之间;双侧中切牙之间水平向可植入长度<5mm的种植体1枚。     

38例切牙管囊肿的X线三维影像学分析

目的利用螺旋CT和锥形束CT分析上颌切牙管囊肿的三维影像学特点。方法收集2012年12月至2018年1月于我院就诊的有完整临床资料、病理诊断及螺旋CT或锥形束CT影像的上颌切牙管囊肿患者38例,分析其影像学特点。结果 38例中男性28例,女性10例,年龄13~77岁。26例(68.4%)囊肿位置居中,12例偏左或偏右。囊肿矢状面形态包括轻度扩张型(8例)、全程膨隆型(17例)、区段膨隆型(12例)和移位扩张型(1例)。30例(78.9%)腭侧骨板膨隆,27例(71.1%)累及牙根周围骨质,11例(28.9%)存在根吸收。结论切牙管囊肿以位于切牙管走形范围内的典型低密度形态常见,少数可偏侧发展,甚至主体偏离切牙管。多数病变腭侧骨板膨隆,累及邻牙根周。     

鼻种植相关的切牙管三维重建的影像学研究

目的:明确切牙管区的解剖结构,为鼻缺失后种植体支持的赝复体修复提供依据,以明确种植体植入部位及方向.方法:对60例正常咬合人群的上颌骨进行64排螺旋CT扫描和三维重建,观察切矛管开口的形状及周围骨质形态,并在中切牙之间的矢状位截面上测量切牙管的长度、鼻腔和口腔开口的纵径、与鼻底平面所成角度及与牙槽骨前壁的距离.结果:研究得出了切牙管的口腔开口的形态、平均长度、口腔和鼻腔开口的矢状径、切牙管口腔开口和鼻腔开口距牙槽骨前壁的距离、切牙管前壁与鼻底平面的交角∠α,上前牙牙槽突与鼻底平面的交角∠β.讨论:实验得到的数据旨在方便鼻缺失种植术前的骨质与骨量的测量分析、种植手术的设计,同时提供可靠的与鼻种植相关的切牙管解剖数据.结论:切牙管与牙槽骨前壁之间可植入直径5mm以内的种植体一枚,方向由后上方向前下方,与鼻底所成的角度介于∠α与∠β之间;双侧中切牙之间水平向可植入长度小于5mm的种植体一枚.     

Clinical and pathological aspects on some odontogenic tumors

Odontogenic tumors constitute a very diverse group of lesions that reflects the complex processes of odontogenesis. Controversies over their classification/subtyping, terminology and diagnosis have been persisted, which has direct bearings on therapeutic and/or prognostic implications.     

Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system

This review focuses on the capacity of the brain for plasticity and the utility and efficacy of oral implants in helping to restore oro‐facial sensorimotor functions, especially in elderly patients. The review first outlines the components of the oro‐facial sensorimotor system which encompasses both oro‐facial tissues and a number of brain regions. One such region is the sensorimotor cortex that controls the activity of the numerous oro‐facial skeletal muscles. These muscles are involved in a number of functions including reflexes and the more complex sensorimotor functions of mastication, swallowing and speech. The review outlines the use by the brain of sensory inputs from oro‐facial receptors in order to provide for exquisite sensorimotor control of the activity of the oro‐facial muscles. It highlights the role in this sensorimotor control played by periodontal mechanoreceptors and their sensory inputs to the brain, and how oral implants in concert with the plastic capacity of the brain may, at least in part, compensate for reduced sensorimotor functioning when teeth are lost. It outlines findings of ageing‐related decrements in oro‐facial sensorimotor functions and control. The changes in oro‐facial tissues and the brain that underlie these ageing‐related functional alterations are also considered, along with adaptive and compensatory processes that utilise the brain's capacity for plasticity. The review also notes the evidence t hat rehabilitation that incorporates adjunctive approaches such as sensorimotor training paradigms in addition to oral prostheses such as implants may enhance these processes and help maintain or facilitate recovery of sensorimotor functioning in the elderly.     

Tumor microenvironment in oral cancer: novel approaches for immunotherapy

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), which arises from the squamous mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, is a major health problem in the US and other parts of the world, especially in developing countries.     

CBCT与RVG对下颌恒切牙根管形态评估的对比研究

目的:对比CBCT法与数字化X线成像法(RVG)对下颌恒切牙根管形态评估的差异。方法:对101颗离体牙进行唇舌向及近远中向数字化X线片拍摄和CBCT高清牙列模式扫描,对图像进行根管数目、Vertucci根管分型、根管钙化和根尖口开口位置的评估,并通过CBCT图像建立偏角度投照的三角函数模型,计算偏向投照的角度。结果:CBCT法显示有30颗为双根管,RVG近远中向投照显示有36颗为双根管,卡方检验显示对根管数目和Vertucci根管分型两种方法均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两种方法对根管钙化和根尖口开口位置的评估均不具有显著性差异。30颗双根管牙中下颌恒切牙唇舌向双根管的最大距离(LaL)在0~1.5 mm之间的,85.7%的为Vertucci III型,LaL在1.5~2 mm之间的,66.7%为Vertucci IV和V型。以根尖片上双根管显示距离为1 mm计算,LaL在1~2 mm之间的,偏向投照角度为26.6°~45.0°,LaL在0.1~1 mm之间的,偏向投照角度为45.0°~84.3°。结论:CBCT高清牙列模式扫描和RVG投照对于根管数目和Vertucci根管分型的评估具有显著性差异,对于根管钙化和根尖口开口位置的评估不具有显著性差异。LaL在1~2 mm之间时,偏角度投照的临床可操作性较强。     

Integrating other therapies with radiation for head neck cancer: search for optimal solution

Purpose: To review the role of concurrent chemoradiotherapy protocols with special emphasis on selection of appropriate chemotherapy drug, its timing and schedule with respect to radiation fractionation.     

牙槽骨再生正畸治疗伴牙槽骨缺损的成人错畸形远期疗效评价

目的：评价牙槽骨再生正畸治疗伴牙槽骨缺损的成人错畸形的远期疗效。方法伴牙槽骨缺损的成人错畸形3例,平均年龄29岁。经正颌-正畸联合会诊制订治疗计划,按照牙槽骨再生正畸及正颌-正畸联合治疗模式,分别进行系统治疗并随访2~3 a。结果3例患者均顺利完成治疗,面型及咬合关系获得良好改善;牙槽骨缺损区正畸牙移动到位且未见医源性牙周并发症,牙槽骨缺损区骨量增加明显且远期效果稳定。结论针对伴牙槽骨缺损的成人患者,牙槽骨再生正畸是一种较为理想的技术。     

Chemotherapy using new superselective intra-arterial infusion for advanced oral cancer

Purpose: We developed a new method of superselective intra-arterial infusion via the superficial temporal artery (HFT method: Hattori, Fuwa and Tohnai reported) and preoperatively performed daily concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy with docetaxel (DOC) and cisplatin (CDDP) using this method for 46 patients with stage Ⅲ, Ⅳ oral cancer.     

Navigation-guided oral and maxillofacial surgery (reconstructive and plastic, orthognathic, oncology)

Purpose: Advance in the field of compeer assisted surgery enables the surgical procedures to be less invasive and more accurate for the support of diagnosis imaging, pre-operative simulation and intraoperative navigation.     

Clinical evaluation of demineralized bone allograft in a hyaluronic acid carrier for sinus lift augmentation in humans: a computed tomography and histomorphometric study

OBJECTIVES: Natural and synthetic graft materials are used routinely in sinus floor augmentations to help support implants in atrophic maxillary ridges. This clinical study was based on the hypothesis that the clinical effectiveness of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft/demineralized bone matrix (DFDBA/DBM) in sinus lifts varies when used in combination bone graft substitute materials. To test this hypothesis, DFDBA was used together with one of three materials: in saline plus anorganic bone (DFDBA: Bio-Oss; in hyaluronic acid (DFDBA: HY, 32 : 68, w/w; DBX alone; DBX plus Bio-Oss; and DBX plus tricalcium phosphate granules (beta-TCP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two sinus lift procedures, eight per group, were performed on 26 patients. Before surgery and at 8 months post-surgery when implants were placed, ridge heights were visualized by computed tomography (CT) and measured by morphometric analysis. Cores of bone were removed by trephine at the sites of implant placement; these biopsies from the graft sites were used for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: All 32 sinus lift elevations were successful when measured by CT, increasing from an average 2.84+/-0.2 mm before treatment to 15.2+/-0.6 mm after treatment. The percent of each biopsy that was occupied by new bone and incorporated bone graft materials varied with each treatment: DFDBA+Bio-Oss, DBX+Bio-Oss, or DBX alone was higher than that for DBX+beta-TCP by approximately 10%. When comparing only newly formed bone, DBX+beta-TCP treatment resulted in 50% less bone than the other three preparations. All grafted sites received implants as per the treatment plan for each patient. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the hypothesis that new bone formation is dependent on the DFDBA formulation used and demonstrated that DBX, alone or in combination with other materials, can be used successfully for sinus floor elevation.