社会行为危险因素与儿童龋病的关系初探

目的：调查儿童口腔健康状况，探讨儿童患龋情况与社会行为危险因素之间的关系。方法：调查对象为湖北省宜昌市15所小学6—7岁儿童1356名及他们的母亲。采用WHO龋病诊断标准调查儿童患龋情况。采用母亲问卷的调查方法收集儿童和母亲的口腔健康态度、行为以及相关影响因素。结果：1356名6—7岁儿童乳牙患龋率72．9％，龋均3．7。影响儿童龋齿发生的因素是餐间吃甜食、含糖食品的消费和儿童使用氟化牙膏，其中餐间吃甜食是影响龋病最危险的因素。结论：儿童的饮食习惯和氟化牙膏的使用影响儿童的口腔健康状况。     

上海市3岁儿童婴幼儿龋患病现状和特点分析

目的调查上海市3岁儿童婴幼儿龋（early childhood caries,ECC）患病现状和特点,为上海市婴幼儿的龋病防治工作提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取上海市中心和非中心城区600名3岁儿童进行检查,并对检查结果进行统计学分析。结果受检600名儿童龋均为2.17±3.18,龋面均为2.99±5.30,龋蚀严重度指数为6.53±10.91;ECC患病率为49.00%,重度婴幼儿龋（severe early childhood caries,SECC）患病率为27.83%（167/600）,SECC患龋儿童占患龋总人数的56.80%（167/294）。中心城区和非中心城区儿童ECC患病率分别为42.33%和55.67%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.671,P=0.001）。非中心城区儿童ECC龋均明显高于中心城区,差异有统计学意义（F=4.307,P〈0.05）;非中心城区儿童ECC龋蚀严重度指数明显高于中心城区,差异有统计学意义（F=4.400,P〈0.05）。ECC龋齿充填构成比为3.92%,中心城区和非中心城区分别为5.44%和2.74%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.211,P=0.013）。上海市3岁儿童ECC龋蚀牙位分布以上颌乳中切牙和下颌乳磨牙为主。结论上海市3岁儿童ECC患病状况严重,应加强对上海市婴幼儿龋病的早期干预。     

南京市学龄前儿童乳牙龋病的流行病学调查及其相关因素分析

目的:调查3～6岁儿童乳牙龋病的流行情况并分析其相关因素。方法:随机抽取南京市6所幼儿园1 375名3～6岁儿童进行口腔检查,并对其父母进行问卷调查。结果:3～6岁儿童平均患龋率和龋均为50.47%和2.13,龋牙充填率为6.93%。睡前吃甜食、经常喝甜饮料、母乳喂养、最近一次看牙间隔时间以及母亲文化程度与儿童患龋有关。结论:应加强对家长及儿童口腔健康教育,做好龋病的防治工作。     

学龄前儿童乳牙龋相关因素的分析

目的 评价学龄前儿童的唾液变形链球菌、唾液流速和缓冲力、口腔卫生状况、饮食和口腔卫生习惯、母亲文化程度和职业等因素在乳牙龋发生中的意义.方法 采用病例对照研究方法,对1018名4岁和5岁儿童进行龋齿检查,其中dmft≥6的204人构成高龋组,dmft=0的237人为无龋组.测定两组儿童唾液变形链球菌水平、唾液流速和缓冲力、软垢指数,并由儿童母亲回答统一问卷.结果 共有417名儿童纳入结果的统计中.Logistic回归分析结果显示,唾液变形链球菌(OR=3.019)、软垢指数(OR=2.263)、每天吃甜食次数(OR=1.729)、每天喝甜饮料次数(OR=1.496)、奶瓶内容物含糖(OR=2.255)等因素有意义.结论 唾液变形链球菌水平高、口腔卫生差、高频率摄入甜食、奶瓶喂养时内容物含糖是乳牙龋的重要危险因素.     

哈尔滨市3～6岁孤独症儿童乳牙患龋状况调查

目的 探讨3～6岁孤独症儿童乳牙患龋状况及其相关因素,以期为孤独症儿童的龋病防治提供参考.方法 采用整群抽样的方法抽取哈尔滨市3个城区3～6岁孤独症儿童进行问卷调查和口腔检查,问卷调查包括一般人口学特征、饮食习惯、口腔保健意识和行为等方面内容,问卷由儿童家长填写,专人发放与回收;口腔检查采用儿童龋补牙数作为评价儿童乳牙龋病的指标.对检查结果进行统计学分析.结果 共调查孤独症儿童93例(男81例,女12例),患龋率为59％( 55/93),龋均为3.245.随年龄增长,儿童患龋率增加.分析结果显示:母亲龋齿、每天喝甜饮料量、吃甜食频率、睡前吃零食是孤独症儿童龋齿的危险因素;饭后漱口、谁给孩子刷牙、每日刷牙次数、父母文化程度是孤独症儿童龋齿的保护因素.结论 遗传因素、不良饮食习惯及口腔卫生习惯对龋病的发生发展有一定影响,孤独症儿童乳牙龋病及口腔卫生状况的改善有待于家长及医护人员的配合和努力.     

沈阳市幼儿园5岁儿童乳牙龋病流行病学抽样调查报告

目的 调查沈阳市幼儿园5岁儿童乳牙龋患病情况.方法 采用分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取沈阳市内5区5岁常住人口440人及其家长,男女各半.检查儿童全口乳牙牙冠龋病情况,统计患龋率、龋均等,将所得数据与本地区1995年的调查数据进行比较;并对家长进行儿童饮食习惯、刷牙情况等的问卷调查.结果 乳牙患龋率为67.05％,龋均为3.10,龋齿充填完好率5.51％,曾接受过龋齿治疗的占8.41％.与1995年沈阳市幼儿园5岁儿童乳牙龋病情况比较,患龋率有所下降(P＜0.001),龋均亦有下降(P＜0.001).问卷调查中有睡前进甜食行为者占41.28％,定期进行口腔健康检查者只占2.04％,在家长监督下有效刷牙率为10.17％,家长对儿童口腔健康状况满意率为82.91％.结论 沈阳市幼儿园5岁儿童乳牙患龋率与1995年相比虽然有所下降,但仍占较高比例.家长对儿童口腔健康认识程度低与高患龋率有关,对家长的口腔健康教育有待加强.     

南京郊区3～5岁儿童龋病流行情况及相关因素研究

目的调查南京郊区3～5岁儿童龋病的流行情况及相关因素。方法采用多阶段、随机抽样的方法抽取南京郊区384名3～5岁儿童,对其进行口腔检查并发放问卷,由家长填写后统一收回。对龋病相关因素调查结果采用χ2检验和Log-istic回归分析。结果南京郊区3～5岁儿童患龋率为60.68%,龋均及龋面均分别为2.70和4.08;年龄、甜食的喜好程度及母亲文化程度与儿童乳牙龋相关。结论南京郊区3～5岁儿童的患龋率较高,需开展早期预防工作。     

江苏省5岁儿童乳牙龋病的流行病学及相关因素研究

目的了解江苏省5岁儿童乳牙龋病流行状况及相关因素,为开展儿童口腔预防保健提供基线资料。方法参考世界卫生组织(WHO)《口腔健康调查基本方法》(第4版)和全国第3次口腔健康流行病学调查方案,采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法,抽取江苏省城乡5岁儿童共792人,并随机抽取其中1/2的儿童父母进行问卷调查。结果乳牙患龋率和龋均分别为69.15%和3.49,均低于1995年全国平均水平,龋齿充填率为2.24%。睡前吃甜食、父母文化程度、最近一次看牙间隔时间和由母亲照顾儿童日常生活与儿童患龋相关。结论应加强口腔健康教育,积极开展口腔预防保健工作,提高龋病的治疗率。     

南宁市江南区多元普惠幼儿园5岁儿童龋病及其影响因素调查分析

目的 了解南宁市江南区多元普惠幼儿园5岁儿童的龋病及其影响因素,为多元普惠幼儿园儿童龋病防治提供依据。方法 随机抽取南宁市江南区10所多元普惠幼儿园共470名5岁儿童,进行口腔检查,并对其家长进行问卷调查。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归进行龋病相关影响因素分析。结果 南宁市江南区多元普惠幼儿园5岁儿童患龋率为78.3%,龋均为5.73±5.00。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,母亲受教育程度低的孩子患龋风险是受教育程度高的2.260倍（95%CI=1.429～3.574）;有睡前吃甜食或甜饮料行为（包含经常和偶尔）的孩子患龋风险是无该行为的1.956倍（95%CI=1.140～3.357）;有含糖类液体奶瓶入睡行为（包含经常和偶尔）的孩子患龋风险是无该行为的4.526倍（95%CI=1.898～10.793）。结论 母亲受教育程度低、睡前吃甜食或甜饮料、含糖类液体奶瓶入睡是南宁市江南区多元普惠幼儿园5岁儿童患龋的危险因素。     

贵阳市南明区3～5岁儿童龋病流行病学调查

目的了解贵阳市南明区学龄前儿童乳牙龋患病状况,为乳牙龋防治工作提供依据。方法按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的要求,参照世界卫生组织《口腔健康调查基本方法》,随机抽取贵阳市3~5岁儿童432名,进行龋病检查。结果 432名受检儿童中,乳牙患龋率为46.3%,龋均为1.71。各年龄组间比较显示:随年龄增长各年龄组患龋率和龋均均显著上升,各组间患龋率与龋均比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);乳牙龋充填率为5.83%,随年龄增长龋充填率逐渐上升。。结论贵阳市3~5岁儿童乳牙患龋率较高,充填率较低,应加强乳牙龋的早期防治。     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

《口腔医学》杂志2007年度有关信息的分析

目的通过对《口腔医学》2007年全年文献的回顾和分析,了解我国口腔临床医学的研究现状。方法阅读2007年《口腔医学》全年的文献,对各种信息进行了分类汇总,根据设计类型对临床一次性文献进行了分类,并对其中的试验性研究文章进行质量分析。结果《口腔医学》2007年全年的一次性文献274篇,基础和临床文献分别为108和166篇,以临床文献为主(60.58%)。在临床研究文献中,属于观察性、分析性和试验性的文献分别为97、9和60篇,观察性文献所占比例为36.14%,高于以往的报道。60篇观察性文献中,全都设有对照;统计方法应用得当者44篇;真正做到随机、盲法的分别只有4和2篇。结论我国口腔临床方面的研究水平近年来提高明显,但设计的科学性方面有待提高。     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

口腔医学专业本科毕业生就业现状的调查分析和教育思考

目的研究口腔医学专业的教学如何面向市场,推出令用人单位满意的人才。方法采用问卷调查的方法对浙江省内有代表性的19家包含口腔医疗服务单位进行了调查,同时进行大学生就业心态调查问卷调查。结果医学生的就业心态出现多元化;毕业生不再一味追求高学历,更多的人选择了先就业后进修的道路。大多数用人单位着眼于提高医务人员的服务水平和质量,对毕业生的综合素质有了更高的要求。结论学校要尽力拓宽毕学生的就业渠道,提供更多的就业信息,树立面向基层的观念。     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

Electrodeposition of bilayers of dithiols

We report an electrochemical method to form a bilayer of dithiol. The cyclic voltammogram of the oxidative deposition of an aromatic dithiol on gold from an alkaline aqueous solution reveals two current peaks separated by more than 400 mV. The integrated charge of the oxidative current peak (B) at the most positive potential is twice that of the other oxidative current peak (A). These two oxidative current peaks were characterized by differential capacitance and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements. A decrease of the capacity by a factor of two, and an increase of the EQCM frequency change by a factor of two were observed when the potential was scanned from a value where only the first oxidative peak (A) is obtained, to a potential where both oxidative current peaks (A and B) are obtained. Infrared spectra show that the aromatic dithiols adsorb vertically at potentials corresponding to the current peak A and they become tilted for potentials corresponding to the current peak B. The simple relationships between the properties of the two oxidative current peaks are found to be compatible with a step-wise oxidative deposition of a bilayer of dithiol.     

口底癌34例临床分析

目的探讨口底癌的临床特性、治疗方法及预后。方法对我院自1992—2002年住院治疗的34例口底癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果34例口底癌患者中,男28例(82.4%),女6例(17.6%),男女比为4.7∶1,平均发病年龄58岁。发病部位:前口底22例(64.7%),后口底12例(35.3%)。淋巴结转移率41.2%。单纯手术组、化疗加手术组、放疗加手术组、化疗加手术加放疗组的5年生存率分别为45.5%、60.0%、50.0%、62.5%。结论口底癌以中老年患者好发,男性居多。易发生淋巴结转移,综合疗法疗效较好。