2008—2011年上海市5岁儿童患龋情况调查报告

目的:调查2008—2011年上海市5岁儿童患龋状况,为分析评价儿童口腔健康状况和服务水平提供依据。方法:采用等容量随机抽样方法,从每个区县随机抽取1所幼儿园5岁儿童(男女各半),2008、2009年各950名,2010、2011年各900名,检测患龋率、龋均、龋失补充填构成比、SiC指数。应用SPSS13.0软件包进行独立样本t检验、方差分析和χ2检验。结果:2008-2011年5岁儿童患龋率分别为63.47%、64.00%、64.89%和64.44%,龋均分别为2.96、2.99、3.23和3.09,SiC指数分别为7.10、7.20、7.74和7.37,龋失补充填构成比分别为10.93%、12.76%、16.96%和20.63%。患龋率及龋均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),龋失补充填构成比逐年提高(P<0.01),SiC指数是龋均的2倍多。各年间的患龋率及龋均市区均低于郊区(P<0.01),龋失补充填构成比市区显著高于郊区(P<0.01),乳牙龋集中发生在1/3儿童中。结论:上海市5岁儿童乳牙患龋率、龋均指数变化不大,龋失补充填构成比逐年上升,应采取更为积极的措施,控制儿童龋高危人群,进一步改善儿童口腔健康水平。     

2004—2008年汕头市3岁儿童龋病调查分析

目的了解汕头市3岁儿童龋病情况,为儿童口腔保健工作提供参考依据。方法对2004—2008年来汕头市妇幼保健院例行幼儿园入园体检的汕头市3岁儿童进行龋齿检查,2008年增加对儿童口腔清洁卫生及家长对婴幼儿口腔卫生知识认知程度的调查,并进行统计学分析。结果2004—2008年平均患龋率为16．53％,5年来患龋率差异无统计学意义（P=0．883）,龋均1．28,5年来龋均差异无统计学意义（P=0．095）。经常清洁口腔的儿童患龋率低于偶尔清洁及未清洁口腔的儿童（P〈0．05）;家长对婴幼儿口腔卫生知识认知程度较低。结论5年来汕头市3岁儿童患龋率没有明显下降趋势,提示对婴幼儿口腔保健重视不足,应加强对家长的宣教工作,提高家长口腔保健意识,帮助婴幼儿做好口腔卫生工作,培养儿童养成良好卫生习惯。     

沈阳市3 799名儿童乳牙患龋情况分析

为了了解沈阳市儿童乳牙龋病的最新情况 ,2 0 0 0 -0 1— 12 ,作者对沈阳市 3 799名入园 (幼儿园 )前体检的儿童 ,进行了乳牙患龋情况调查 ,结果如下。1　方法调查内容为乳牙龋病的发病情况。自然光线下 ,用平面口镜和 5号探针进行 ,并始终由第一作者检查。调查标准采用《第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》的龋病诊断标准。收集的资料输入计算机 ,用ＳＰＳＳ统计包对数据进行分析。2　结果3 799名受检儿童中男 2 0 2 0名 ,女 1779名 ,男女比例为 1∶ 0 .88。患龋人数总计 15 70人 ,其中男 841人 (患龋率41.6% ) ,女 72 0人 (患龋率 40 .…     

上海市静安区3岁儿童龋齿患病情况调查分析

目的:分析上海市静安区3岁儿童龋齿患病情况及严重程度,为龋病发病趋势的监测和相关政策的制定提供流行病学依据.方法:采用整群随机抽样方法,调查静安区959例3岁儿童龋齿患病情况.使用SPSS 15.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:3岁儿童乳牙患龋率为28.05％,男性高于女性(P＜0.05);龋均为0.87,男女间无显著差异.总充填率为5.44％,男女间无显著差异.龋齿好发部位以下颌第二乳磨牙最多,其次为上颌乳中切牙和下颌第一乳磨牙,患龋率最低的是下颌乳侧切牙.结论:3岁儿童龋齿患龋高,治疗程度低,应加强对这一人群的口腔保健力度.     

西安市412名3～5岁儿童乳牙龋病调查

目的:调查西安市小学生第一恒磨牙患龋率状况及相关因素。方法:对西安市10所幼儿园3～5岁412名儿童乳牙患龋情况进行随机抽样调查,并对其家长进行儿童日刷牙次数的问卷调查,统计分析。结果:412名儿童乳牙平均患龋率41.99%,女童乳牙患龋率高于男童,分别为47.03%和37.14%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患龋率随年龄增长呈上升趋势,分别为29.32%、41.91%和53.85%;日刷牙次数增加显著降低了乳牙的患龋率,其中日刷牙≥2次者为81.82%,偶尔或从不刷牙者为34.60%。结论:西安市儿童乳牙患龋率与年龄、性别、日刷牙次数密切相关。     

3～6岁儿童龋活跃性相关因素研究

目的 探讨广西南宁民办幼儿园儿童龋活跃性(CA)相关因素.方法 采用前瞻性自身对照研究,于2008年、2009年对南宁市3所民办幼儿园184名3 ～ 6岁儿童进行龋病检查和有关饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯和家庭情况的问卷调查,调查新增乳牙龋失补牙面数(dmfs).采用χ2检验、t检验、Spearman相关分析及多元回归分析等方法 分析新增dmfs的影响因素.结果 184名受调查幼儿2次调查患龋率分别为57.1%和76.1%,dmfs分别为5.02 ± 7.49和12.05 ± 13.00.受试幼儿园儿童1年之中的患龋率增长,经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.001),dmfs增长较明显,t检验差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.001).两次均接受检查的儿童1年中新增dmfs的比例为7.08 ± 8.30.多因素分析显示受试者基线dmfs、睡前进食、牛奶或饮用水加糖是1年中新增dmfs的主要影响因素.结论 幼儿CA与受试者龋坏程度、既往龋坏情况、睡前进食、牛奶或饮用水加糖有关,提示幼儿龋病预防工作从这几方面干预的可能性.     

广州天河区儿童乳牙龋调查回顾分析

目的 了解天河区1995年和2001年儿童乳牙患龋情况。以便更有效的开展龋病预防工作。方法 调查比较1995年和2001年4岁，6岁儿童乳牙患龋情况。治疗情况。结果 4岁与6岁儿童的乳牙患龋率和龋均降低，治疗率和充填率提高，龋病在少数儿童中高发，结论 儿童口腔保健知识得到较好普及并起到积极的作用。     

上海市长宁区5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况调查报告

目的 了解上海市长宁区5岁儿童乳牙的龋病状况。方法 采用单纯随机抽样方法抽样调查120人,按照第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案的标准进行调查。结果 长宁区5岁儿童乳牙患龋率为60.83％,龋均为3.01,女性低于男性。结论 长宁区5岁儿童应注重乳牙龋的早期预防和早期治疗。     

Feeding Practices and Early Childhood Caries in Korean Preschool Children

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between feeding practices and early childhood caries using representative Korean national survey data.MethodsData of 2772 children (aged 1-3 years) from the fourth to seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2018) were analysed. Data on decayed-filled teeth (dft) were obtained, and early childhood caries was determined as dft ≥1. Chi-squared test was performed to examine the experiencing of dental caries by participant characteristics, whilst analysis of variance was performed to compare the difference in dft values amongst the 3 groups (breast-feeding, mixed-feeding, and formula-feeding groups). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between feeding practice and early childhood caries.ResultsComparison of the mean dft values amongst the 3 groups showed the highest value in the breast-feeding group. Multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that the likelihood of experiencing dental caries was significantly lower in the mixed-feeding group than in the breast-feeding group, whereas no significant difference was seen between the formula-feeding and breast-feeding groups. The likelihood of early childhood caries was higher in the group that introduced weaning food at ≥6 months than that at 4- to 6-month age, whilst the introduction of cow's milk and use of nutritional supplements had no significant association with the likelihood of early childhood caries.ConclusionsBreast-feeding and delayed introduction of weaning food were associated with a higher likelihood of early childhood caries.     

Early Childhood Caries in Victorian Preschoolers: A Cross-Sectional Study

AimThe objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in children attending preschools that are enrolled in the Smiles 4 Miles health promotion program in Victoria and determine the sociodemographic variables associated with ECC.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional sample of 1,845 3- to 5-year-old children attending 61 preschools was selected by stratified cluster sampling. Dental caries was classified as non-cavitated/early lesions (d^1-2), cavitated (d^3-6) lesions, and cavitated/non-cavitated (d^1-6) lesions using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. A self-administered parental questionnaire captured sociodemographic and behavioural data. Multivariate logistic regression and Poisson mixed model analysis was used to examine associations amongst sociodemographic variables, child oral health behaviours, and decayed tooth surfaces.ResultsIn all, 56.6% (n = 1,044) of the children had ECC; more than one-third (36.6%) presented exclusively non-cavitated/early lesions, 5.7% solely cavitated lesions, and 14.2% both. Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds had higher levels of dental caries. Parental pensioner/health care card status (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.76, 95% CI, 1.57-1.97), non-English-speaking background (IRR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.80-2.43), and Indigenous status (IRR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.50-2.43) were associated with higher rates of cavitated lesions. Children who consumed soft drinks once or more per week had 1.66 times more cavitated lesions (95% CI, 1.48-1.86) compared to children who never/rarely consumed soft drinks. Soft drink consumption of once or more per week was associated with parental health care/pensioner card status (odds ratio [OR] = 1.73, 95% CI, 1.36-2.18), non-English-speaking background (OR = 1.58, 95% CI, 1.11-2.27), and Indigenous status (OR = 1.92, 95% CI, 1.04-3.52).ConclusionsHigher levels of more severe caries rates in children from socioeconomically disadvantaged background highlight an opportunity for early preventive interventions targeting these groups.     

Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries Among Very Young Urban Boston Children Compared with US Children

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in 1- to 3-year-old children seeing primary-care pediatricians at two urban medical centers in Boston to the prevalence of ECC in similarly aged US children surveyed as part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and to assess risk factors for ECC among this cohort of children compared with risk factors among similarly aged US children. Methods: Characteristics of 787 1- to 3-year-old children from two urban Boston medical centers were compared with those of 3,644 similarly aged US children surveyed as part of NHANES III. Demographic and social characteristics and ECC prevalence by putative risk factors were compared. A multiple logistic regression model was fit to assess putative risk factors and difference between groups simultaneously. Results: Race, age, previous dental visit, parents' education, and household income were significantly associated with ECC prevalence. Parents' place of birth was a significant effect modifier with lower ECC among Boston children of immigrants than among US children of immigrants. Conclusions: Lower ECC prevalence among urban Boston children of immigrant parents compared with US children of immigrant parents may reflect changing immigrant composition in the United States since NHANES III or a different immigrant composition in the Boston area compared with the United States. This finding reinforces the need for further research of immigrants in order to understand cultural practices that may affect oral health. Finally, low ECC prevalence among very young children reinforces the importance of early intervention in reducing ECC.     

上海市幼儿乳牙龋病的变化趋势——同一幼儿园4年追踪调查

目的了解本世纪初上海市幼儿牙患龋状况的动向和特点。方法以上海市区同一所幼儿园2～5岁幼儿为对象，连续4年进行龋病检查，计算患龋率、受检者龋均（DFT）和龋蚀严重度指数（CSI），并对140名（2岁54名，3岁86名）幼儿追踪3年，每隔1年观察患龋状况之增量。结果该幼儿园幼儿乳牙的患龋率、DFT和CSI在4年中总体无明显变化；每年的患龋状况均随年龄增长而加剧。140名同一个体幼儿组的患龋状况均呈逐年加剧，前后两次的增量间，总体和各年龄组均无明显差异：首次增量中，2岁组的患龋率增量明显高于3岁组，其它各项增量在两年龄组间并无差异。结论该所幼儿园幼儿乳牙患龋状况4年间无明显改变，从2岁到3岁患龋率增加明显，提示龋病防治工作从2岁开始就应加强。     

学龄前儿童乳牙龋病与相关因素的分析

目的研究学龄前儿童患龋情况与口腔卫生习惯、饮食情况、家庭有关因素的关系。方法1149名学龄前儿童随机分为龋病组和无龋病对照组。应用x^2检验筛选出乳牙龋患儿的相关因素，建立logistic回归模型，进行分析。结果餐后漱口、睡前吃零食、母乳喂养与乳牙龋病有关（P〈0．01），每日刷牙次数和母亲文化程度对乳牙龋病也有关（P〈0．05），而用含氟牙膏刷牙与乳牙龋病无关（P〉0．05）。结论加强对家长及儿童口腔卫生保健知识的指导，宣传科学的饮食方式可有效的预防乳牙龋病。     

长沙市2～4岁儿童婴幼儿龋相关因素的研究

目的：调查长沙市2～4岁婴幼儿龋的关因素,为预防婴幼儿龋的发生提供依据。方法：调查长沙市2435名2～4岁儿童口腔健康情况,并抽取350名儿童进行问卷调查,对结果进行Logistc回归分析。结果：含奶瓶睡觉、怀孕时间、母乳喂养方式、每日刷牙次数、母亲文化程度及口腔知识等是婴幼儿龋的相关因素。结论：改正含奶瓶入睡习惯,保证孕期母体良好、足月生产、定时适量的母乳喂养、养成良好刷牙习惯、提高母亲文化程度、多吃粗粮可以有效减少ECC的发生。     

乳牙菌斑钙含量与患龋状况关系的研究

目的:分析乳牙集合菌斑中钙含量与儿童患龋状况的关系,为龋病预防研究提供基础资料。方法:应用原子吸收分光光度仪测定53例不同患龋状况的儿童集合菌斑中钙含量值。统计分析集合菌斑中钙含量值与龋病易感性的关系。结果:集合菌斑钙含量为(0.931±0.384)mg/g,菌斑钙含量无龋组、有龋组间差异有高度显著性P<0.01;无龋组、低危组、高危组间差异有显著性P<0.05,菌斑钙含量无龋组高于低危组,低危组高于高危组;有龋组集合菌斑中钙含量与龋补牙数(dft),龋补牙面数(dfs),龋蚀指数(CSI)具有负相关性。结论:集合菌斑中总钙含量与龋患程度具有一定的相关性,可为预测龋病易感性提供参考。     

Relationships Between Caregivers' Responses to Oral Health Screening Questions and Early Childhood Caries

Objective: This study evaluated relationships between caregiver responses to oral health screening questions and caries in young children. Methods: Two samples of caregivers answered identical eight‐item screening questionnaires about their oral health. One sample included children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) who were 24 to 42 months of age; the other sample included 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children attending a pediatric dental clinic. Using chi‐square and relative risk, questionnaire findings were related to children's caries history based on clinical caries exams. Results: Questions significantly (P < 0.05) related to children's caries in the older sample included caregivers' poorer rating of their oral health, less frequent dental visits, current or recent caries, and history of tooth loss due to caries. However, only questions pertaining to tooth loss were related to caries in the younger sample. Conclusion: Caregivers' reported loss of teeth due to caries was significantly associated with caries development in their children in both samples, and may be a useful means for early identification of children at high risk.