中年人高尿酸血症的相关因素分析

[目的]探讨中年人高尿酸血症的发生情况及相关影响因素。[方法]抽取680例中年机关干部,测量身高、体重、血压等一般情况指标,化验检查肝肾功能、血脂、血糖、尿酸等生化指标,常规腹部B超检查。尿酸升高者为高尿酸血症组,其余为对照组。[结果]高尿酸血症136例(20.0%),高尿酸血症组脂肪肝、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病的发生率明显高于对照组,三酰甘油、胆固醇、空腹血糖均高于对照组,饮酒、荤食、少运动者明显高于对照组(P均<0.05)。[结论]中年人高尿酸血症与肥胖、高血压、糖尿病有关,血糖、胆固醇、三酰甘油是重要的相关因素。     

青岛港人群高尿酸血症患病率与心血管病危险因素的关系

目的：调查青岛港人群中血尿酸分布特点，分析其与心血管病危险因素的关联。方法：调查于2000—04／12完成。选择18-54岁青岛港职工11926名，从中整群抽样8640名进行了尿酸测定，均自愿参加调查。调查内容包括问卷、体格检查、实验室检查和特殊检查。通过问卷收集一般资料、个人疾病史、饮食和生活习惯和家族史等。测量职工的血压、身高及体质量。抽取空腹12h以上的静脉血，测定生化指标，血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿酸均用酶法测定，肌酐用苦味酸法测定。尿酸与心血管病的传统危险因素为血压、超重和肥胖、血糖、血脂。高尿酸血症为男性尿酸≥416μmol／L，女性尿酸≥357μmol／L。 结果：纳入青岛港职工8640名，全部进入结果分析，无脱落；①青岛港职工尿酸水平及高尿酸血症分布：男性尿酸水平明显高于女性[（320．0&;#177;66．1），（250．6&;#177;56．3）μmol／L]。男性总高尿酸血症患病率明显高于女性[7．3％，3．3％（χ^2=46．2，P〈0．01）]。②血浆尿酸与传统心血管病危险因素的相关性：除了男性年龄、血糖水平与尿酸水平无显著相关外，其他各因素均与尿酸有显著相关性（r=-0．128-0．286，P〈0．01）。③不同尿酸水平职工的心血管病危险因素水平比较：根据高尿酸血症评估标准，将全部职工按性别分别分为正常尿酸组和高尿酸血症组。除男性年龄、女性高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和心率外，两组间其他各危险因素水平比较．差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05—0．01）。④不同尿酸水平职工的高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等患病率比较：无论男女，高尿酸血症组的高血糖（空腹血糖受损＋糖尿病）、高血压、血脂异常和超重（包括肥胖）患病率均显著高于正常尿酸组（在20．33—249．30，P〈0．01）。（5）不同尿酸水平职工危险因素的个体聚集情况：无论男女2个及2个以上的危险因素的聚集比率在高尿酸血症组显著高于正常尿酸组[男：62．0％，29．2％；女：44．9％，13．2％（χ^27．75-164．20，P〈0．05-0．01）]。 结论：青岛港职工中高尿酸血症患病率较高，血尿酸水平与传统心血管病危险因素紧密相关，提示尿酸可以作为中国人心血管病危险因素的标志物。     

桂林某高校男性教师高尿酸血症与代谢综合征相关性研究

[目的]了解桂林市某高校男性教师血尿酸水平与代谢综合征的相关性。[方法]对2011年1月5日—1月30日来我院体检中心进行体检的299例桂林市某高校男性教师,检测临床及生化指标。将299例男性体检者按血尿酸水平分为高尿酸组和正常尿酸组,分析尿酸与代谢综合征的相关性。[结果]高尿酸血症检出率为13.67%。高尿酸组三酰甘油(TG)、空腹血糖(FPG)、体重指数(BMI)明显高于正常尿酸组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)低于正常尿酸组(P<0.05)。直线相关分析结果显示:尿酸与BMI、收缩压、舒张压、FPG、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),而与HDL-C呈负相关(P<0.01)。进行多元线性逐步回归分析,进入回归方程的有BMI、收缩压和LDL-C。高尿酸组发生肥胖或超重、血脂紊乱检出率较正常尿酸组明显升高(P<0.05)。[结论]高尿酸血症与代谢综合征相关危险因子肥胖或超重、血脂紊乱、高血压、高血糖等关系密切,应重视纠正高尿酸血症及日常生活习惯的干预,降低高尿酸血症及代谢综合征的发生。     

桂林某高校男性教师高尿酸血症与代谢综合征相关性研究

[目的]了解桂林市某高校男性教师血尿酸水平与代谢综合征的相关性。[方法]对2011年1月5日—1月30日来我院体检中心进行体检的299例桂林市某高校男性教师,检测临床及生化指标。将299例男性体检者按血尿酸水平分为高尿酸组和正常尿酸组,分析尿酸与代谢综合征的相关性。[结果]高尿酸血症检出率为13.67%。高尿酸组三酰甘油（TG）、空腹血糖（FPG）、体重指数（BMI）明显高于正常尿酸组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）低于正常尿酸组（P〈0.05）。直线相关分析结果显示：尿酸与BMI、收缩压、舒张压、FPG、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）呈正相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,而与HDL-C呈负相关（P〈0.01）。进行多元线性逐步回归分析,进入回归方程的有BMI、收缩压和LDL-C。高尿酸组发生肥胖或超重、血脂紊乱检出率较正常尿酸组明显升高（P〈0.05）。[结论]高尿酸血症与代谢综合征相关危险因子肥胖或超重、血脂紊乱、高血压、高血糖等关系密切,应重视纠正高尿酸血症及日常生活习惯的干预,降低高尿酸血症及代谢综合征的发生。     

高尿酸血症对血压水平及高血压患病率的影响

目的研究高尿酸血症对血压水平及高血压患病率的影响。方法对体检检出5 058例高尿酸血症及性别相同、年龄相同或相近的5058例非高尿酸血症进行分析,探讨其对血压水平、高血压患病率的影响及与多种心血管危险因素的关系。结果高尿酸血症组收缩压、舒张压分别较对照组升高4 mm Hg和3 mm Hg,高血压患病率为41.9%(95%C I:40.5%~43.3%),显著高于对照组31.3%(95%C I:30.0%~32.6%),差异有统计学意义。高尿酸血症组肥胖、高胆固醇血症及高三酰甘油血症患病率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。高尿酸血症、男性、年龄增长、肥胖、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症和高三酰甘油血症是高血压的独立危险因素。结论高尿酸血症与较高的血压水平有关,可能是高血压患病率增加的独立危险因素。     

新疆地区人群高尿酸血症与糖脂代谢相关疾病的关联性研究

目的分析新疆地区人群血清尿酸水平与糖脂代谢生化指标的相关性,研究高尿酸血症的危险因素,为本地区人群更全面的应对高尿酸血症提供进一步的研究依据。方法 2017年3月至2018年5月选取高尿酸血症患者1 519例(高尿酸血症组)和同期体检健康者1 808例(对照组)为研究对象,采用标准方法进行体格检查和血清生化指标检测,并采用SPSS21.0软件进行统计分析。结果高尿酸血症组血尿酸水平为(463.08±69.10)μmol/L,对照组血尿酸水平为(265.20±78.20)μmol/L,高尿酸血症组腰围、臀围、腰臀比(WHR)、体质量指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、血尿酸、三酰甘油(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);男性和女性高尿酸血症组中腰围、BMI、SBP、DBP、血尿酸、TG均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);空腹血糖(FBG)和LDL-C在男性的两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),臀围、WHR、总胆固醇(TC)、HDL-C在女性的两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同性别人群尿酸水平随年龄的增长而增加,男性的尿酸水平要高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同尿酸水平下糖脂代谢生化指标比较,男性人群各指标在组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中TG随着尿酸水平的升高而升高,女性人群中除FBG在各组间比较差异无统计学意义外(P0.05),其余指标在各组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),HDL-C随尿酸水平的升高逐渐降低;不同性别人群血尿酸与TG、LDL-C存在正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(P0.05),与FBG未出现相关性;肥胖、高血压、高三酰甘油血症、高胆固醇血症在高尿酸血症组和对照组中的分布差异有统计学意义(P0.05);糖脂代谢相关疾病的检出率,高尿酸血症组均高于对照组,高血糖在两组的分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对高尿酸血症进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示肥胖(OR=1.241,95%CI=1.024～1.504)、高血压(OR=2.147,95%CI=1.758～2.623)、高三酰甘油血症(OR=2.269,95%CI=1.912～2.693)均为高尿酸血症的危险因素。结论新疆地区人群尿酸与血脂代谢生化指标存在相关性,高尿酸血症与肥胖、高血压、高三酰甘油血症、高胆固醇血症密切相关。     

青岛港人群高尿酸血症患病率与心血管病危险因素的关系

目的:调查青岛港人群中血尿酸分布特点,分析其与心血管病危险因素的关联。方法:调查于2000-04/12完成。选择18～54岁青岛港职工11926名,从中整群抽样8640名进行了尿酸测定,均自愿参加调查。调查内容包括问卷、体格检查、实验室检查和特殊检查。通过问卷收集一般资料、个人疾病史、饮食和生活习惯和家族史等。测量职工的血压、身高及体质量。抽取空腹12h以上的静脉血,测定生化指标,血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿酸均用酶法测定,肌酐用苦味酸法测定。尿酸与心血管病的传统危险因素为血压、超重和肥胖、血糖、血脂。高尿酸血症为男性尿酸≥416μmol/L,女性尿酸≥357μmol/L。结果:纳入青岛港职工8640名,全部进入结果分析,无脱落。①青岛港职工尿酸水平及高尿酸血症分布:男性尿酸水平明显高于女性[(320.0±66.1),(250.6±56.3)μmol/L]。男性总高尿酸血症患病率明显高于女性[7.3%,3.3%(χ2=46.2,P<0.01)]。②血浆尿酸与传统心血管病危险因素的相关性:除了男性年龄、血糖水平与尿酸水平无显著相关外,其他各因素均与尿酸有显著相关性(r=-0.128～0.286,P<0.01)。③不同尿酸水平职工的心血管病危险因素水平比较:根据高尿酸血症评估标准,将全部职工按性别分别分为正常尿酸组和高尿酸血症组。除男性年龄、女性高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和心率外,两组间其他各危险因素水平比较,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05～0.01)。④不同尿酸水平职工的高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等患病率比较:无论男女,高尿酸血症组的高血糖(空腹血糖受损+糖尿病)、高血压、血脂异常和超重(包括肥胖)患病率均显著高于正常尿酸组(χ2=20.33～249.30,P<0.01)。⑤不同尿酸水平职工危险因素的个体聚集情况:无论男女2个及2个以上的危险因素的聚集比率在高尿酸血症组显著高于正常尿酸组[男:62.0%,29.2%;女:44.9%,13.2%(χ2=7.75～164.20,P<0.05～0.01)]。结论:青岛港职工中高尿酸血症患病率较高,血尿酸水平与传统心血管病危险因素紧密相关,提示尿酸可以作为中国人心血管病危险因素的标志物。     

108例石油工人血清尿酸及血脂的测定

目的 通过108例石油工人血清尿酸及血脂的测定,评价石油工人无症状高尿酸血症、高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症的发生率,比较无症状高尿酸血症与血清尿酸正常者高脂血症发生率的关系.方法 测定108例无其他疾病史的男性石油工人血清尿酸及血脂值,分别计算石油工人无症状高尿酸血症、高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症的发生率,比较无症状高尿酸血症与血清尿酸正常者高脂血症发生率的关系.结果 石油工人无症状高尿酸血症、高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症的发生率分别为31.5%、32.4%、25.0%;其中无症状高尿酸血症者中高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症的发生率分别为58.8%、50%.血清尿酸正常者中高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症的发生率分别为27.0%、14.9%.结论 石油工人无症状高尿酸血症、高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症的发生率高;无症状高尿酸血症组高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症的发生率高于血清尿酸正常组,差异有显著性.     

老年人群高尿酸血症与代谢综合征的关系

目的调查老年体检人员的代谢综合征(MS)及高尿酸血症的发病情况。方法检测体检人员的身高、体质量、腰围、血压、心率、体质量指数、尿酸、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白—胆固醇等指标,并对调查结果进行统计分析。结果老年男性MS发病率为14.2%,老年女性MS发病率为20.6%。高尿酸血症者24.67%,其中伴发MS的有18.9%,而血尿酸正常者的MS发病率为14.7%,高尿酸血症者的MS患病率明显高于血尿酸正常者。伴有高尿酸血症的MS患者的高血压、脑梗死、冠心病、脂肪肝、肥胖及高三酰甘油的发病率较高。结论MS患者中高尿酸血症发生率较高,并发高尿酸的MS患者更易患有心脑血管疾病。     

老年男性高尿酸血症与血糖血脂的相关性分析

目的探讨老年男性高尿酸血症与血糖血脂的关系。方法 2003-05—08辽宁省金秋医院老年男性体检人群,全面记录病史并完善相关检查。根据血尿酸水平分为高尿酸血症组和血尿酸正常组,对两组受试者行BMI、腰围、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素抵抗指数等指标的测定。结果高尿酸血症组的BMI、腰围、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血尿酸、舒张压、胰岛素抵抗指数均高于血尿酸正常组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于血尿酸正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);高尿酸血症组高血压检出率高于血尿酸正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年高尿酸血症人群存在不同程度的胰岛素抵抗及血糖血脂代谢紊乱。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.     

自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊社区获得性肺炎诊治中的应用

目的 探讨自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊科社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者诊断中的价值.方法 根据病史、肺功能测定结果、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)诊断标准,将111例CAP患者分为单纯CAP组(56例)和COPD合并CAP组[即慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)组,55例].询问患者病史后即刻抽取动脉血测血气并进行自动化酸碱平衡图分析.结果 血气分析结果显示,AECOPD组动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2,kPa)、HCO3- (mmol/L)、剩余碱(BE,mmol/L)均显著高于CAP组(PaCO2:7.714±2.414比5.896±1.308,HCO3-:30.767±7.185比25.014±3.043,BE:4.345±5.371比-0.354±3.180,均P＜0.01).自动化酸碱平衡图分析结果显示,AECOPD组患者酸碱平衡紊乱高达89.1％,CAP组为66.1％.将AECOPD组和CAP组患者中正常(10.9％、33.9％)、急性呼吸性酸中毒(急性呼酸,12.7％、14.3％)、慢性呼吸性酸中毒(慢性呼酸,49.1％、10.7％)、呼吸性碱中毒(呼碱,7.3％、14.3％)、代谢性酸中毒(代酸,12.7％、17.9％)、代谢性碱中毒(代碱,12.7％、8.9％)综合进行x2分析,差异有统计学意义(x2=24.421,P=0.001),而将正常、急性呼酸、呼碱、代酸及代碱进行x2分析,差异无统计学意义(x2=5.280,P=0.260),提示AECOPD患者慢性呼酸的发生率较单纯CAP患者显著增加.结论 自动化酸碱平衡图能帮助急诊科医师快速识别CAP患者是否存在多重酸碱平衡紊乱,并可快速识别急、慢性呼吸系统疾病.