肾上腺疾病后腹腔镜治疗(附65例报告)

目的 探讨后腹腔镜技术在肾上腺疾病中的应用.方法 采用后腹腔镜技术治疗肾上腺疾病65例,其中原发性醛固酮增多症35例(腺瘤25例,增生10例),皮质醇增多症20例(增生13例,腺瘤7例),嗜铬细胞瘤2例,肾上腺囊肿5例,无功能肿瘤3例.结果 61例患者在腹腔镜下均成功切除病灶或肾上腺组织,手术平均时间98 min(45～235 min),平均出血量75 mL(30～145 mL),中转开放手术4例.腹腔镜治疗的患者术后1～2 d下床活动,住院时间4～11d,平均7d.结论 后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺疾病具有创伤小、患者恢复快、疼痛轻等优点,是治疗肾上腺良性疾病的首选方法.     

后腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科的应用(附237例报告)

目的:探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病的疗效及方法。方法:采用后腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病237例,其中肾囊肿去顶术132例,多囊肾去顶术6例,肾上腺手术46例(原醛25例,皮质醇腺瘤6例,皮质增生5例,无功能皮质腺瘤3例,肾上腺囊肿3例,嗜铬细胞瘤3例,肾上腺髓质增生1例),输尿管切开取石术31例,单纯肾切除5例,肾癌根治性肾切除3例,肾盂癌肾输尿管全切3例,肾盂成型术10例,腔静脉后输尿管矫形术1例。结果:手术全部成功,无改开放手术者,手术时间15～240min(平均115min),术中出血20～100mL(平均55mL),患者均于术后12h～3d下床活动,术后住院时间3～18d(平均6.5d),术中术后未发生严重并发症。结论:后腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症少等优点,临床疗效可靠,实用性较强,具有良好的应用前景。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺疾病(附14例报告)

目的 探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺疾病的方法及疗效。方法 采用后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺疾病14例。结果 14例手术全部成功。其中无功能肾上腺腺瘤4例，肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤3例,原发性醛固酮增多症2例，肾上腺髓性脂肪瘤1例，肾上腺癌1例，Cushing氏征1例；肾上腺囊肿2例。手术时间35-110min，平均65min。术中平均出血40d。术后住院时间为3-14d。平均住院时问5d。结论 腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺疾病，具有损伤小，住院时短，恢复快，并发症少等优点，是肾上腺疾病外科治疗的首选方法。     

腹腔镜治疗巨大肾上腺肿瘤的经验

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗巨大肾上腺肿瘤的可行性和手术技巧,寻找微创治疗巨大肾上腺肿瘤的新路径.方法 该组13例,包括嗜铬细胞瘤4例5侧,恶性淋巴瘤2例,节细胞神经瘤2例,髓质脂肪瘤3例,无功能腺瘤1例,肾上腺增生伴巨大腺瘤形成1例2侧.肿瘤最大径7～18 cm,均采用经腹腔路径腹腔镜手术治疗.结果 13例手术均获得成功,其中3例术中采用手辅助方法获得成功.手术时间40～260min,平均148min.术中出血量50～1000mL,平均470mL,3例嗜铬细胞瘤术中出血为1000、900和800mL,予输血,输血量为1600、1200和800 mL.患者术后镇痛药盐酸吗啡用量10～40 mg,平均20 mg.术后住院时间5～14 d,平均9d.结论 在技术娴熟的条件下.腹腔镜治疗巨大肾上腺肿瘤是安全、可行的.手术创伤小,患者痛苦少,恢复快,是治疗巨大肾上腺肿瘤的可选择的微创技术.     

解剖性后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺肿瘤48例经验总结

目的 探讨解剖性后腹腔镜切除肾上腺肿瘤手术的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析该院2006年8月～2008年8月采用解剖性后腹腔镜手术治疗48例肾上腺肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除3例,原醛症肾上腺腺瘤切除或肾上腺切除24例,皮质醇症肾上腺腺瘤切除15例,无功能腺瘤5例,1例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤.结果 48例全部手术成功.手术时间70～180min,平均120min;术中平均失血量30mL.术后平均住院5 d.结论 后腹腔镜手术安全,对患者创伤小,术后肠道功能恢复快,伤口愈合早.     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺疾病（附45例报告）

目的应用后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺疾病并评价其临床价值。方法应用后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺疾病45例,包括肾上腺皮质腺瘤28例(原发性醛固酮增多症17例,皮质醇症1例,无功能腺瘤10例),肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤8例,肾上髓样脂肪瘤2例,肾上腺囊肿7例。病变位于右侧27例,左侧18例。全部病例均采用腹膜后径路。结果45例手术中41例取得成功,转开放手术4例,其中2例因寻找肾上腺不熟练,1例术中出血视野不清,1例出现气胸,均发生在开展手术初期。后腹腔镜手术成功病例手术时间40～190min,平均110min。术中失血20～200ml,平均出血量136ml,均未输血。术后1～2d恢复进食,1～3d可下床活动。术后住院时间2～10d,平均4.1d。结论与开放手术相比,后腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、出血少、并发症少、术后病人恢复快、住院时间短等优点,可成为肾上腺良性疾病的首选手术方法。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤(附8例报告)

目的 探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析了该院2004年10月～2008年5月后腹腔镜手术治疗8例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料.结果 8例手术全部成功,无中转开放手术.手术时间30～150min(平均55min),术中出血量40～120mL(平均60mL),均未输血,瘤体直径2.5～7.5 cm(平均4.5 cm),术后住院时间5～10 d(平均7 d).病理检查报告均为嗜铬细胞瘤.随访3个月～4年,患者血压均恢复正常,无需服用降压药物,肿瘤局部无复发.结论 后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术损伤小、手术时间短、出血少,术后恢复快,临床应用前景广泛.直径超过6cm的肿瘤也可以被经验丰富的外科医生顺利切除.     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤

目的 探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的方法及其临床效果.方法 对35例肾上腺肿瘤患者行后腹腔镜手术.其中肾上腺无功能腺瘤11例,原发性醛固酮腺瘤16例,嗜铬细胞瘤8例.结果 35例手术均获得成功.手术时间为25～70 min,平均(50.7±14.5)min;术中出血量平均为(98.8±26.1)ml.术后2～4 d开始进食.手术后7～9 d痊愈出院.结论 后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤具有创伤小、术中出血少、术后恢复快等优点,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

后腹腔镜肾上腺手术经验与体会

目的总结后腹腔镜肾上腺手术的经验体会并探讨其手术技巧。方法对260例肾上腺疾病患者行后腹腔镜肾上腺病变切除术,其中肾上腺肿瘤254例（原发性醛固酮增多症116例,皮质醇症29例,无功能腺瘤78例,嗜铬细胞瘤26例,肾上腺神经节瘤5例）,肾上腺囊肿6例。结果260例手术除2例嗜铬细胞瘤体积较大出血转开放手术外,其余均获得成功。手术时间25—65min,平均40min,术中出血20～150ml。引流管1～3d拔除,无大出血、气胸等并发症,术后均恢复良好,平均住院天数5d。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺手术创伤小,恢复快,提高手术技巧与总结经验为肾上腺外科疾病的治疗提供了更加安全的选择。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤46例

目的探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析行后腹腔镜手术治疗的46例肾上腺肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果 46例患者手术均顺利完成,1例因术中出血多而改行开放性手术,2例因术中粘连严重而改行开放性手术。手术时间为70-200 min,平均（133.5±32.9）min;术中出血量为20-300 m L,平均（100.2±14.5）m L。2例术后出现肾上腺危象,经给予糖皮质激素、维持电解质平衡等对症治疗后恢复正常。46例患者术后3 d拔除引流管,术后7 d拆线、出院。术后病理结果示嗜铬细胞瘤11例,皮质腺瘤25例,神经节细胞瘤5例,髓质脂肪瘤3例,节细胞神经瘤1例,神经鞘瘤1例。结论后腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、安全、患者术后恢复快及住院时间短等优点,是治疗肾上腺肿瘤首选的手术方法。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.