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1.
糖尿病社区护理干预效果的综合评估   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
对82例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者实施两个月的社区护理干预,帮助患者提高自我保健能力,增加社会支持效果评估:患者除血糖降低外,生活质量提高,疾病对社会活动的影响减小,抑郁和伙虑减轻,住院天数缩短,用药量减少,社会经济效益增加。  相似文献   

2.
随着人们生活水平的不断提高,生活模式的日益现代化及社会的老龄化,糖尿病的发病率不断增加,糖尿病是影响人们健康的常见病。糖尿病病情控制不理想易导致各种并发症的发生,甚至致残、致死,直接影响患者的生活质量。因此,对糖尿病患者进行健康教育是非常必要的。我们通过对56例糖尿病患者进行健康教育,提高了患者的自我保健能力,减少了并发症的发生,同时也提高了护理水平。规阐述如下。  相似文献   

3.
1996~1997年,我们采用对精神病康复期患者及其家属实施心理社会干预。经两组对照分析研究,结果证明,实验组与对照组精神病复发有明显的差异,推迟或减少了精神病的复发,促进了患者康复及回归家庭、回归社会,提高患者的社会功能及生活质量,减少了住院次数,减轻了患者家庭经济负担,增加患者及家属对本病的认识。  相似文献   

4.
2型糖尿病患者睡眠质量与血糖水平的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
宋敬珍  吕秀芹 《临床荟萃》2009,24(14):1240-1241
2型糖尿病是临床常见多发的内分泌代谢性疾病,是一组以血浆葡萄糖水平升高为特征的代谢性疾病群。随着社会经济的发展和生活水平的提高,热量摄人过多,体力活动(运动)减少,超重肥胖人群增加,糖尿病发病率逐渐增加,且年轻化趋势明显。糖尿病及其急、慢性并发症会降低糖尿病患者生活质量,缩短寿命,增加病死率,严重危害人类健康。我们采用匹慈堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI),对60例2型糖尿病患者进行问卷调查,并与60例健康者进行对比分析,旨在了解2型糖尿病患者睡眠状况,为提高2型糖尿病患者整体治疗效果提供科学依据。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨行为治疗对精神分裂症患者的效果。方法将接受行为治疗的302例精神分裂症患者,根据自制的评分标准及护士观察量表作治疗前后的对照研究,并且进行统计学分析,结果患者的社会能力增强、个人整洁状况改善、精神障碍表现减少、抑郁程度减轻、总积极因素增加和总消极因素减少,病情总估计有明显改善,差异有显著性(P〈0.01),结论行为治疗有利于患者建立适应性行为,延缓患者的精神衰退,改善患者社会功能,促使患者早日回归社会。  相似文献   

6.
随着社会老龄化程度的增加和人们对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病手术治疗的认识,更随着外科手术安全性的提高和围手术期管理的进步,手术对年龄的限制逐渐减少。我院自1998年以来接受70岁以上行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的患者逐渐上升,给术后监护护理增加了复杂性及难度。现将我们的护理体会总结如下.  相似文献   

7.
肺癌的发病率和死亡率都排在恶性肿瘤之首,公认的首选治疗方案是手术治疗[1 ] 。由于现代社会饮食结构的改变,糖尿病的发病率也不断增加,肺癌合并糖尿病的患者也逐年增加。而糖尿病对患者术后的伤口愈合及机体的康复均有极大的影响,积极有效的围手术期护理能有效的减少术后并发症的发生,促进患者机体康复,缩短住院时间,提高患者的生活质量。现将我科2013 年6 - 12 月68 例肺癌伴糖尿病患者围手术期的护理体会报告如下。  相似文献   

8.
临床护理路径在剖宫产术患者中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 比较应用临床护理路径和非临床护理路径对剖宫产术患者的不同影响。方法 将146例剖宫产术患者随机分为两组,分别应用临床护理路径和非临床护理路径进行护理,并进行比较。结果 患者在住院日、费用、满意度、健康知识掌握方面有着明显差异。结论 引入临床护理路径可减少住院日,减少住院费用,增加患者对护理满意程度,提高患者的健康教育掌握情况,提高护理质量。  相似文献   

9.
文章综述了鼻咽癌放化疗患者早期营养干预方式及对预后的影响,并从增加医务人员营养知识储备、构建营养教育管理平台、提高患者膳食营养行为正确性等方面提出展望。提示选择合理的干预方式,对鼻咽癌患者进行早期营养干预,可以提高放化疗远期疗效,改善患者临床结局,减少住院时间,减轻患者和社会经济负担,对患者预后产生积极影响。  相似文献   

10.
随着社会的发展,社会老龄化问题日趋突出,在泌尿外科老年人更为集中。作者通过简易心理自评量表对1745例泌尿外科老年患者的心理调查,总结老年患者心理问题出现的频度,为指导泌尿外科老年患者的心理护理提供了依据,通过各种形式的沟通达到增进护患关系,减少应激源及各种不良刺激,从而减少老年患者产生心理问题和提高老年患者的心理承受能力,促进疾病的恢复,以健康积极的心态面对社会。  相似文献   

11.
背景:亲属活体肾移植供、受者移植前准备充分,供肾热、冷缺血时间较短,HLA 配型的组织相容性好,移植后排斥反应发生率低,为亲属活体供肾肾移植后采用低剂量免疫抑制剂方案提供了可能性.目的:探讨亲属活体供肾移植后低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的安全性和有效性.方法:选取2006-01/2008-06 在南京医科大学第一附属医院肾移植中心行亲属活体供肾移植的受者38 例,移植后常规使用环孢素A/他克莫司+吗替麦考酚酯+泼尼松的三联免疫抑制方案.将38 例患者随机分为两组:CNI 常规剂量组(n=18),移植后初始药物剂量为环孢素A 6 mg/(kg·d)或他克莫司0.12 mg/(kg·d);CNI 低剂量组(n=20),术后初始药物剂量为环孢素A 4 mg/(kg·d)或他克莫司0.08 mg/(kg·d);两组吗替麦考酚酯和泼尼松使用剂量相同.移植后密切随访,比较两组患者移植后不同时期的肾功能以及急性排斥反应、肺部感染、肝功能损害、肾毒性等并发症的发生情况.结果与结论:随访12 个月,CNI 常规剂量组重度肺部感染死亡1 例,CNI 低剂量组无死亡病例.两组移植肾功能及急性排斥反应发生率比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);CNI 低剂量组肝功能损害、钙调蛋白酶抑制剂肾毒性发生率显著低于CNI 常规剂量组(P < 0.05).此外,采用低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂免疫抑制方案明显减轻了亲属肾移植患者的经济负担.说明亲属活体供肾移植后采用低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的免疫抑制剂方案安全、有效.  相似文献   

12.
背景:亲属活体肾移植供、受者移植前准备充分,供肾热、冷缺血时间较短,HLA配型的组织相容性好,移植后排斥反应发生率低,为亲属活体供肾肾移植后采用低剂量免疫抑制剂方案提供了可能性。目的:探讨亲属活体供肾移植后低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的安全性和有效性。方法:选取2006-01/2008-06在南京医科大学第一附属医院肾移植中心行亲属活体供肾移植的受者38例,移植后常规使用环孢素A/他克莫司+吗替麦考酚酯+泼尼松的三联免疫抑制方案。将38例患者随机分为两组:CNI常规剂量组(n=18),移植后初始药物剂量为环孢素A6mg/(kg·d)或他克莫司0.12mg/(k·d);CNI低剂量组(n=20),术后初始药物剂量为环孢素A4mg/(kg·d)或他克莫司0.08mg/(kg·d);两组吗替麦考酚酯和泼尼松使用剂量相同。移植后密切随访,比较两组患者移植后不同时期的肾功能以及急性排斥反应、肺部感染、肝功能损害、肾毒性等并发症的发生情况。结果与结论:随访12个月,CNI常规剂量组重度肺部感染死亡1例,CNI低剂量组无死亡病例。两组移植肾功能及急性排斥反应发生率比较差异均无显著性意义(P〉0.05);CNI低剂量组肝功能损害、钙调蛋白酶抑制剂肾毒性发生率显著低于CNI常规剂量组(P〈0.05)。此外,采用低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂免疫抑制方案明显减轻了亲属肾移植患者的经济负担。说明亲属活体供肾移植后采用低剂量钙调蛋白酶抑制剂的免疫抑制剂方案安全、有效。  相似文献   

13.
In recent years a series of trials has sought to define the optimal protocol for everolimus-based immunosuppression in heart transplantation, with the goal of minimizing exposure to calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and harnessing the non-immunosuppressive benefits of everolimus. Randomized studies have demonstrated that immunosuppressive potency can be maintained in heart transplant patients receiving everolimus despite marked CNI reduction, although very early CNI withdrawal may be inadvisable. A potential renal advantage has been shown for everolimus, but the optimal time for conversion and the adequate reduction in CNI exposure remain to be defined. Other reasons for use of everolimus include a substantial reduction in the risk of cytomegalovirus infection, and evidence for inhibition of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, a major cause of graft loss. The ongoing MANDELA study is a 12-month multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study in which efficacy, renal function and safety are compared in approximately 200 heart transplant patients. Patients receive CNI therapy, steroids and everolimus or mycophenolic acid during months 3 to 6 post-transplant, and are then randomized at month 6 post-transplant (i) to convert to CNI-free immunosuppression with everolimus and mycophenolic acid or (ii) to continue reduced-exposure CNI, with concomitant everolimus. Patients are then followed to month 18 post-transplant The rationale and expectations for the trial and its methodology are described herein.  相似文献   

14.
目的探讨肾移植术后肺内和肺外结核的诊断和治疗方法及其预后。方法对我院2000年2月至2011年7月肺内、外结核感染的患者进行总结分析。治疗方案采用四联抗结核药物;同时足量使用CNI类药物。复查肝肾功能及CNI药物浓度,CT平扫。观察患者感染类型,临床表现,病原体检出情况,影像学情况,肝肾功能及CNI药物剂量及浓度,不良反应及转归等指标。结果共收治结核患者18例,发病率1.52%,病原体检出率低,影像学表现多样不典型,需与其他病原体相鉴别。14例完成抗结核治疗,4例仍在治疗中,肾功能可基本稳定。CNI类药物浓度在使用抗结核治疗过程中明显下降,均未出现急性排斥反应。结论肺结核的诊断需结合影像学特点及病原学资料;肺外结核的诊断应注重病原体的检出。治疗需坚持联合、足量、足疗程抗结核治疗原则,选择适宜的服药时间,同时适当调整免疫抑制剂的用量,可获得理想的疗效。  相似文献   

15.
目的评价肾移植术后钙调蛋白阻滞剂(CNI)撤除后雷帕霉素受体阻滞剂(TOR—I)免疫抑制替代治疗的疗效和安全性。方法检索MEDLINE、EMbase、SCI、CBM、Cochrane图书馆及其他肾移植相关杂志,纳入肾移植术后基于TOR—I的CNI撤除干预方案疗效和安全性的随机对照试验。检索时间为建库至2009年9月。评价纳入研究的方法学质量,采用RevMan5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入来自10个RCT的14篇报道,A、B级研究各5个。分析结果显示:急性排斥反应发生率1、2、4年的RR(95%CI〉值分别为1.64(1.19,2.27)、1.53(1.06,2.22)及1.21(o.73,1.98);受者生存率1、2、4年的RD(95%CI)值分别为一0.01(-0.02,O.01)、-0.00(-0.03,0.02)及O.03(一0.01,0.08);移植物生存率1、2、4年的RD(95%CI)值分别为0.00(-0.02,0.02)、0.00(-0.03,O.04)及O.07(0.01,0.12);肾小球滤过率WMD(95%CI)值为9.50(2.96,16.03)。结论基于当前证据,肾移植术后CNI撤除后西罗莫司替代治疗与CNI持续治疗相比能更好保护肾脏功能和提高移植物生存率,但对1年急性排斥反应发生率增加、受者生存率无影响及4年急性排斥反应发生率无影响。长期随访结果有待进一步研究证实。  相似文献   

16.
17.
OBJECTIVE: Superior patient survival on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with 3 x 2-L exchanges has been reported from Hong Kong. This study examined the relationship between indices of dialysis adequacy and nutrition and patient survival on CAPD in Hong Kong. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study on prevalent CAPD patients. Patients were assessed for indices of dialysis adequacy and nutritional status with a composite nutritional index (CNI). Patients were then followed for 24 months. Survival data were analyzed according to adequacy indices and nutritional status. SETTING: All prevalent CAPD patients in nine dialysis centers in Hong Kong as of 1 April 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Mortality. RESULTS: 937 patients were assessed: 68.2% were using 3 x 2-L exchanges per day; mean age was 54.6 +/- 13 years. Mean total Kt/V was 1.83 +/- 0.42 and total creatinine clearance was 55.6 +/- 19.5 L/week/1.73 m2. 19% of patients were moderately to severely malnourished according to the CNI. There was no significant correlation between indices of adequacy and serum albumin or CNI. The 1- and 2-year patient survival from the time of assessment was 90.9% and 79.8%. There was a trend toward better survival in patients with Kt/V greater than 2.0, but it was not statistically significant. Peritoneal Kt/V did not impact survival in anuric patients. Malnourished patients had poorer survival than patients who were better nourished (p = 0.0259). After adjusting for age and diabetes, CNI was predictive of mortality but Kt/V and creatinine clearance were not. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the importance of nutritional status over adequacy indices in predicting patient survival. There was a lack of correlation between nutritional status and conventional indices of dialysis adequacy.  相似文献   

18.
目的探讨前列地尔应用于肾移植术后患者的治疗反应,指导钙调神经蛋白抑制剂(calcineurin inhibitor,CNI)类药物减量的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析42例同种异体肾移植术后〉1年,肌酐140~250 mmol/L,环孢素或他克莫司血药浓度正常,因肌酐升高于2010年6月至2011年5月在我科住院患者,应用前列地尔治疗效果指导CNI类药物减量,改善移植肾功能的有效率。结果 42例患者经前列地尔治疗后肌酐均有不同程度的下降,其中38例肌酐下降〉20%,平均下降率为23.8%,减少CNI类药物用量后,肌酐稳定出院;2例肌酐分别下降18.7%、14.5%,CNI减药后发生急性排斥反应;2例肌酐分别下降11.9%、16.5%,免疫抑制方案未予调整,停用前列地尔后肌酐稳定出院;前列地尔治疗反应指导CNI类药物减量改善移植肾功能的有效率为95.0%。结论利用前列地尔治疗反应指导CNI类药物减量是一种简便、有效的方法,弥补了血药浓度监测调整CNI类药物用量存在局限性的不足,在临床上有一定的实用价值。  相似文献   

19.
ObjectiveThe objective was to examine the association between primary care consultations and a Care Need Index (CNI) used to compensate Swedish primary care practices for the extra workload associated with patients with low socioeconomic status.DesignObservational study combining graphical analysis with linear regressions of cross-sectional administrative practice-level data.SettingThree Swedish regions, Västra Götaland, Skåne and Östergötland (3.5 million residents). Outcomes were measured in February 2018 and the CNI was computed based on data for 31 December 2017.SubjectsThe unit of analysis was the primary care practice (n = 390).Main outcome measuresi) Number of GP visits per registered patient; ii) Number of nurse visits per registered patient; iii) Number of morbidity-weighted GP visits per registered patient; iv) Number of morbidity-weighted nurse visits per registered patient.ResultsThe linear associations between the CNI and GP visits per patient were positive and statistically significant (p<0.01) for both the unweighted and weighted measure in two regions, but the associations were mainly due to 10 practices with very high CNI values. The results for nurse visits varied across regions.ConclusionsFor most levels of the CNI, there was no association with the number of consultations provided. This result may indicate insufficient compensation, weak incentives to spend the money, decisions to spend the money on other things than consultations, or stronger competition for patients among low-CNI practices. The result of this observational study should not be taken as evidence against the possibility that the CNI adjustment of capitation may have affected the socioeconomic equity in GP and nurse visits.

Key Points

  • Swedish primary care practices receive extra compensation for socioeconomically deprived patients but it is unknown how this affects service provision.
  • Practice-level data from three regions years 2017-2018 indicate weak or no relation between the socioeconomic burden and the number of physical consultations per patient.
  • Results are similar when adjusting for patients'' morbidity levels, suggesting that the weak gradient was not explained by longer consultations.
  • The exception is that a small number of practices with very high burdens provide more consultations per patient.
  • The results may reflect insufficient compensation, lack of incentives, or funds being spent on other things than consultations.
  相似文献   

20.

Objective

Predictive factors associated with clinical outcomes of chronic norovirus infection (CNI) in primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD) are lacking.

Method

We sought to characterize CNI using a multi-institutional cohort of patients with PIDD and CNI using the Clinical Immunology Society's CIS-PIDD Listserv e-mail group.

Results

Thirty-four subjects (21 males and 13 females) were reported from centers across North America, Europe, and Asia. All subjects were receiving high doses (median IgG dose: 1200?mg/kg/month) of supplemental immunoglobulin therapy. Fifty-three percent had a complete absence of B cells (median B-cell count 0; range 0–139 cells/μL). Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) subjects manifested a unique phenotype with B-cell lymphopenia, non O+ blood type, and villous atrophy (logistic regression model, P?=?0.01). Five subjects died, all of whom had no evidence of villous atrophy.

Conclusion

While Norovirus (NoV) is thought to replicate in B cells, in this PIDD cohort of CNI, B-cell lymphopenia was common, indicating that the presence of B lymphocytes is not essential for CNI.  相似文献   

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