小型节能头灯的制做与应用

医院(特别是儿童医院)在日常的诊断和治疗护理工作中,需要在小局部范围、短时间光源照明.目前市场上各种医用头灯存在着价格昂贵,使用不方便;我院医护人员在加05年10月至2007年3月使用我院自行研制的节能头灯,采用现代电子技术,在夜间给病人注射、换药和其他治疗以及查房巡视等小范围用光场合,取得了良好的效果.     

Cervicogenic exophthalmos: Possible etiology and pathogenesis

BACKGROUND Unilateral exophthalmos is often caused by inflammation, neoplasm, infection,metabolic disease, vascular disorder and several other less common conditions.Reflex sympathetic dystrophy related to unilateral exophthalmos has not been reported in the past literature.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 45-year-old female with unilateral exophthalmos caused by reflex sympathetic dystrophy and its unexpected spontaneous disappearance after a standard anterior cervical discectomy and fixation operation with two PEEK interbody cages and a plate. To our surprise, the patient’s left unilateral exophthalmos improved spontaneously in the morning on postoperative day 2-with no relapse, without any further medication, as of seven years. We have named this condition "cervicogenic exophthalmos."CONCLUSION We would inform other clinicians that unilateral exophthalmos was caused not only by inflammation, vascular disorder, infection, neoplasm, or metabolic disease, but also by reflex sympathetic dystrophy related with cervicogenic spondylosis. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first related case report and use of the term "cervicogenic exophthalmos" after reviewing previous literature.     

Photodynamic therapy as salvage therapy for residual microscopic cancer after ultra-low anterior resection: A case report

BACKGROUND The rate of positive resection margins(R1) in patients with low rectal cancer is substantial. Recommended remedies such as extended resection or chemoradiotherapy have their own serious drawbacks. It has been reported that photodynamic therapy(PDT) as a remedial treatment for esophageal cancer.Colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer has many similarities,however,PDT as a salvage therapy for rectal cancer is rare.CASE SUMMARY Here,we describe a 56-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital due to a 6-mo history of hemafecia,which had been aggravated for 1 mo. Colonoscopy revealed a 3 × 4 cm ulcerated mass in the rectum 4 cm from the anus.Preoperative pathological examination showed villous adenoma,moderate-tohigh-grade dysplasia,good differentiation,and invasion of the mucosal muscle.The patient had R1 after ultra-low anterior resection,but he refused extended resection and experienced severe liver function impairment after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Ultimately,the patient underwent PDT to remove R1. After five years of follow-up,there was no liver function impairment,recurrence,metastasis,sexual dysfunction,or abnormal defecation function.CONCLUSION This is the first case worldwide in which R1 of rectal cancer were successfully treated by PDT.     

Endodontic management of the maxillary first molars with two root canals: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND The complex anatomy of the maxillary first molars has always been a major challenge for complete root canal treatment in endodontic therapy. Here, we present two cases of maxillary first molars, each with only two root canals, which have been rarely reported. We also perform a literature review of maxillary first molar anatomy.CASE SUMMARY The two patients were referred to the hospital after 1) finding a cavity in their tooth with a color change and, 2) a toothache during mastication, respectively.Both of these cases were diagnosed as apical periodontitis by X-ray imaging and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT). Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a dental operating microscope(DOM). CBCT showed rare but accurate images of both patients, each with two root canals and two roots in their maxillary first molars. Both roots were located in the buccal in the palatal direction, and each root had only one clear root canal. In addition,each maxillary first molar in both patients was symmetrical to that on the opposing side with only two separate root canals. Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a DOM. Finally, the teeth were restored using composite resin and the patients were satisfied with the results.CONCLUSION Making full use of CBCT and DOM would contribute to helping dentists make correct diagnoses and successfully treat teeth with rare root canal morphologies.     

世界疼痛日——中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会隆重召开中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会胜利闭幕

世界疼痛日中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会、中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会于2007年10月12～16日在北京九华山庄隆重举行.全国人大副委员长中科院韩启德院士、原全国人大副委员长中科院吴阶平院士、卫生部陈啸宏副部长、卫生部医政司王羽司长、卫生部科教司刘雁飞司长、中华医学会吴明江常务副会长、原卫生部副部长中国医师协会殷大奎会长及有关方面的领导、专家及参加大会的疼痛医学专家代表约五百人参加了新闻发布会.     

读片窗及答案

病例 男,62岁.以"发现尿黄5天"为主诉入院.无发热、恶心及厌食等伴随症状.查体:血压150/100mmHg,巩膜轻度黄染,腹软无压痛,肝区无叩击痛,肝肋下未触及.实验室检查:血WBC 13.1×109/L,EO 5.2×109/L,占39.7%.TBIL 36.6μmol/L,DBIL 21.5μmol/L,UDBIL 15.1μmol/L.ALT 88U/L,GGT 201U/L.AFP及CEA阴性.HBsAb阳性,其余4项均阴性.     

结合中医理论对上呼吸道感染的护理

上呼吸道感染一年四季均可发病,但以冬春季节为多.此类病人病程一般在10 d以上,易反复,有的甚至迁延不愈达1个月以上,造成门诊输液量增加、交叉感染机会增多,在医治过程中医护人员也易感染.此病虽然不像癌症使人恐惧,但它的发病率高,有的1年内可发病3次～5次,给身体和生活造成很大的不便.此类病人的症状为鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、咳嗽、咽干、咽痛、头痛、发热、乏力、全身不适等,护理一般采取对症施护:休息、保持室内空气清新、多饮水、清淡饮食等,而应用中医理论施护则更具体、更有效,对于疾病的痊愈会有极大的促进作用.     

伸缩式垂直升降护理机的适用性探讨

昏迷病人、截瘫病人、慢性消耗性疾病及脑卒中后遗症病人常伴有肢体瘫痪而长期卧床,生活不能自理,大小便失禁,易发生压疮,给病人带来极大痛苦,给家属带来繁重的负担[1].为解决这一难题,人们研究了一些护理器械,如"升降护理装置",这种护理装置由铁床、软布带、支架杆、绑绳钢筋、软网布、定滑轮组件、动滑轮组件、万向节连接件和钢丝绳组成.     

Seroconversion of HBsAG coincides with hepatitis A superinfection: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a hepatotropic virus that can cause acute and chronic liver damage.According to the world health organization 257 million people are infected with chronic HBV infection worldwide.Super-infection with other hepadnaviruses,including hepatitis A virus(HAV),hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus,and hepatitis E virus is associated with increased risk of acute liver failure in patients with chronic HBV.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of a 47-year old male patient with HBV-related compensated Child A cirrhosis,who presented with general fatigue,malaise and laboratory signs of acute hepatitis.Although the patient was regularly seen at a specialized university liver unit,the HAV vaccination status was unclear.Acute HAV super-infection was diagnosed by positive serological and polymerase chain reaction analysis.Following acute HAV super-infection,spontaneous HBsAg elimination and development of an anti-HBs titer were observed.CONCLUSION This case illustrates the importance of carefully checking the vaccination status.In our patient,unspecific immunological responses to HAV led to functional cure of HBV.     

Combined surgical and interventional treatment of tandem carotid artery and middle cerebral artery embolus: A case report

BACKGROUND The 2018 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for early management of acute ischemic stroke recommend the use of retrievable stents for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion that can be treated within 6 h from onset.For cases of carotid artery with ipsilateral middle cerebral artery tandem embolization, the operation is more complicated and challenging. We here report a case of a tandem embolism, and the anatomy of the aortic arch was complex.Direct carotid artery incision and thrombectomy can not only prevent the escape of the carotid embolus but also save time during establishment of the thrombectomy access.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 70-year-old man. He was admitted to hospital due to sudden inability to speak and inability to move his right limb for 3 h. Imaging confirmed a diagnosis of a tandem embolism in the left carotid artery with left M1 occlusion.Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stent thrombectomy was performed. The operation was successful, and 24 h later the patient was conscious and mentally competent but had motor aphasia. His bilateral limb muscle strength level was 5, and his neurologic severity scores score was 2.CONCLUSION Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stenting for carotid artery plus cerebral artery tandem embolization is clinically feasible. For patients with a complicated aortic arch and an extremely tortuous carotid artery, carotid artery incision can be chosen to establish the interventional path.     

我国少数民族糖尿病研究文献分析

[目的]了解我国少数民族糖尿病研究的现状,为少数民族糖尿病研究的进一步发展提供依据。[方法]采用文献分析法,检索公开学术刊物上发表的有关少数民族糖尿病研究的文献,获取全文,对文献进行整理分析。[结果]共收集文献193篇,主要来源于西部地区,共涉及20个少数民族,研究重点为少数民族糖尿病的病理生理,文献类型以现况调查研究为主。[结论]我国少数民族糖尿病研究发展迅速,涉及面广,但针对少数民族糖尿病病人的健康教育研究很少,且临床护士的科研论文极少,这两方面需进一步努力。     

康复疗养对高原官兵血液流变学指标影响的研究

目的：研究康复疗养对于高原官兵血液流变性的影响。方法将刚下4,000 m以上高原赴临潼疗养院的31名高原官兵分为疗养＋高压氧疗组和正常疗养组,分别于入院时、疗养15 d,疗养30 d检测血液流变学指标并进行统计分析。结果高原官兵全血高切黏度、全血中切黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积、全血高切还原黏度、全血中切还原黏度随着疗养时间的增加而降低,疗养＋高压氧疗组和正常疗养组疗养30 d、15 d较入院差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,疗养＋高压氧疗组较正常疗养组效果好。结论刚下高原官兵通过康复疗养,血液黏度显著降低,对提高高原守防部队官兵的身体素质和健康水平,进一步增强部队连续作战能力有很大帮助。     

荆州市社区护士对双硫仑样反应认知调查分析

目的 了解荆州市社区护士对双硫仑样反应知识的认知情况,为拓展健康教育以降低双硫仑样反应发生提供依据.方法 对荆州市城区、周遍农村19所社区医疗服务站103名护士使用自行设计的问卷进行对双硫仑样反应知识认知情况调查.结果 仅48.5%的社区临床护士了解头孢类抗生素与乙醇作用会发生双硫仑样反应;仅9.7%在参加工作后接受过双硫仑样反应的知识培训;社区护士对双硫仑样反应知识的认知率最高为92.2%,最低为9.7%,平均认知率为50.9%.提示社区护士对双硫仑样反应认识不足.结论 医学院校有必要增设双硫仑样反应的相关课程,药物手册及药物说明书应注明此不良反应,社区医疗站应开展双硫仑样反应的知识培训,并把低年资护士及乡村医疗站护理人员作为重点培训对象;同时加强双硫仑样反应健康教育拓展,以提高社区护士对双硫仑样反应的认知率及健康教育水平,降低双硫仑样反应的发生率.     

护士长急诊带班的效果评价

随着现代生活及工作节奏的加快,新的疾病谱的改变,人们的物质、精神文化生活的提高和自我保护意识的增强,各种急、危、重病也与日俱增,这无疑给急诊管理工作提出了更高的要求.同时也要求每一位工作人员具有更全面的临床经验和熟练的抢救技术,对急诊工作人员的服务态度、工作效率、工作质量的要求也日益增强.……     

苯经呼吸道吸入对大鼠胚胎的致畸毒性

目的探讨经呼吸道吸入苯,对大鼠胚胎是否有致畸作用及其剂量效应。方法孕鼠随机分组后采用静式吸入染毒柜(500L),于妊娠第5～16天(胎鼠器官形成期)每剂量组分别每日以不同浓度染毒1次,90min/次,妊娠第20天处死母鼠,剖腹观察对胚胎的影响程度。结果经呼吸道吸入一定量的苯(浓度15mg/m3,90min/次,1次/d)对大鼠胚胎发育有明显影响,与对照组比较差异有显著性意义。结论苯经呼吸道吸入对大鼠胚胎有致畸作用。     

客观结构化临床考试在ICU专科护生临床能力评价中的应用研究

[目的]探讨ICU专科护生的培训及考核方法,推进护理教学改革,培养ICU专业学生临床能力。[方法]在查找文献的基础上自行设计调查问卷和成绩考核评分标准,对90名ICU专业护生进行传统教学方法与客观结构化临床考试(OSCE)教学方法的前后对照研究,对两种教学方法的考试成绩和问卷调查结果进行统计分析。[结果]确定了本次OSCE考试的10个考试站点、考试具体内容、各考站的评分标准;采用OSCE教学前后笔试成绩差异有统计学意义;在OSCE考试成绩中,考生技能操作方面的得分率较高,问诊、体格检查、团队合作(急危重病人救护)等考站的得分率较低;问卷调查结果表明OSCE考试模式得到了学生和教师的一致认可。[结论]OSCE客观评价了ICU专科护生临床能力的真实水平,可以作为评价ICU专科护生临床能力的有效工具;应用OSCE教学模式可提高ICU专业护生临床能力。     

维拉帕米对难治性癫大鼠的疗效及海马P-糖蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察耐药蛋白抑制剂维拉帕米对难治性癫大鼠的疗效及海马P-糖蛋白表达的影响。方法:Wistar大鼠50只,随机分为生理盐水组(NS组)、匹罗卡品组(PILO组)、卡马西平组(CBZ组)、低剂量维拉帕米组(LDV组)和高剂量维拉帕米组(HDV组),氯化锂-匹罗卡品腹腔注射制作大鼠自发性癫模型,选择耐药癫大鼠,分别给予常规或添加维拉帕米抗癫治疗,观察大鼠性发作频率及海马P-糖蛋白表达的变化。结果:与NS组相比,其它4组大鼠性发作频率增高,海马P-糖蛋白表达增强(P0.05);LDV组和HDV组大鼠的性发作频率及海马P-糖蛋白表达较PILO组和CBZ组降低(P0.05);PILO组和CBZ组大鼠性发作频率及海马P-糖蛋白表达无明显差异,LDV组和HDV组大鼠性发作频率及海马P-糖蛋白表达无明显差异。结论:添加维拉帕米治疗可明显减少难治性癫大鼠性发作频率,降低难治性癫大鼠海马P-糖蛋白的表达。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对离体和在体关节软骨细胞影响的实验研究

目的　观察bFGF对离体和在体关节软骨细胞的影响。方法　分离培养家兔关节软骨细胞 ,采用MTT法观察bFGF对离体培养关节软骨细胞增殖的影响 ,利用创伤性关节软骨损伤动物模型 ,观察bFGF对在体关节软骨细胞的作用。结果　经bFGF处理的关节软骨细胞增殖明显增强 ,并呈明显的量效关系 ,其峰值浓度为 10ng ml。将此浓度应用于在体条件 ,发现实验组修复组织填充快 ,质量好 ,为透明软骨性修复。结论　bFGF不仅促进离体培养软骨细胞增殖 ,在体条件下依然能有效地促进软骨细胞的增殖 ,从而促使关节软骨损伤后的再生修复