小型节能头灯的制做与应用

医院(特别是儿童医院)在日常的诊断和治疗护理工作中,需要在小局部范围、短时间光源照明.目前市场上各种医用头灯存在着价格昂贵,使用不方便;我院医护人员在加05年10月至2007年3月使用我院自行研制的节能头灯,采用现代电子技术,在夜间给病人注射、换药和其他治疗以及查房巡视等小范围用光场合,取得了良好的效果.     

Cervicogenic exophthalmos: Possible etiology and pathogenesis

BACKGROUND Unilateral exophthalmos is often caused by inflammation, neoplasm, infection,metabolic disease, vascular disorder and several other less common conditions.Reflex sympathetic dystrophy related to unilateral exophthalmos has not been reported in the past literature.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 45-year-old female with unilateral exophthalmos caused by reflex sympathetic dystrophy and its unexpected spontaneous disappearance after a standard anterior cervical discectomy and fixation operation with two PEEK interbody cages and a plate. To our surprise, the patient’s left unilateral exophthalmos improved spontaneously in the morning on postoperative day 2-with no relapse, without any further medication, as of seven years. We have named this condition "cervicogenic exophthalmos."CONCLUSION We would inform other clinicians that unilateral exophthalmos was caused not only by inflammation, vascular disorder, infection, neoplasm, or metabolic disease, but also by reflex sympathetic dystrophy related with cervicogenic spondylosis. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first related case report and use of the term "cervicogenic exophthalmos" after reviewing previous literature.     

Photodynamic therapy as salvage therapy for residual microscopic cancer after ultra-low anterior resection: A case report

BACKGROUND The rate of positive resection margins(R1) in patients with low rectal cancer is substantial. Recommended remedies such as extended resection or chemoradiotherapy have their own serious drawbacks. It has been reported that photodynamic therapy(PDT) as a remedial treatment for esophageal cancer.Colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer has many similarities,however,PDT as a salvage therapy for rectal cancer is rare.CASE SUMMARY Here,we describe a 56-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital due to a 6-mo history of hemafecia,which had been aggravated for 1 mo. Colonoscopy revealed a 3 × 4 cm ulcerated mass in the rectum 4 cm from the anus.Preoperative pathological examination showed villous adenoma,moderate-tohigh-grade dysplasia,good differentiation,and invasion of the mucosal muscle.The patient had R1 after ultra-low anterior resection,but he refused extended resection and experienced severe liver function impairment after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Ultimately,the patient underwent PDT to remove R1. After five years of follow-up,there was no liver function impairment,recurrence,metastasis,sexual dysfunction,or abnormal defecation function.CONCLUSION This is the first case worldwide in which R1 of rectal cancer were successfully treated by PDT.     

Endodontic management of the maxillary first molars with two root canals: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND The complex anatomy of the maxillary first molars has always been a major challenge for complete root canal treatment in endodontic therapy. Here, we present two cases of maxillary first molars, each with only two root canals, which have been rarely reported. We also perform a literature review of maxillary first molar anatomy.CASE SUMMARY The two patients were referred to the hospital after 1) finding a cavity in their tooth with a color change and, 2) a toothache during mastication, respectively.Both of these cases were diagnosed as apical periodontitis by X-ray imaging and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT). Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a dental operating microscope(DOM). CBCT showed rare but accurate images of both patients, each with two root canals and two roots in their maxillary first molars. Both roots were located in the buccal in the palatal direction, and each root had only one clear root canal. In addition,each maxillary first molar in both patients was symmetrical to that on the opposing side with only two separate root canals. Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a DOM. Finally, the teeth were restored using composite resin and the patients were satisfied with the results.CONCLUSION Making full use of CBCT and DOM would contribute to helping dentists make correct diagnoses and successfully treat teeth with rare root canal morphologies.     

世界疼痛日——中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会隆重召开中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会胜利闭幕

世界疼痛日中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会、中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会于2007年10月12～16日在北京九华山庄隆重举行.全国人大副委员长中科院韩启德院士、原全国人大副委员长中科院吴阶平院士、卫生部陈啸宏副部长、卫生部医政司王羽司长、卫生部科教司刘雁飞司长、中华医学会吴明江常务副会长、原卫生部副部长中国医师协会殷大奎会长及有关方面的领导、专家及参加大会的疼痛医学专家代表约五百人参加了新闻发布会.     

读片窗及答案

病例 男,62岁.以"发现尿黄5天"为主诉入院.无发热、恶心及厌食等伴随症状.查体:血压150/100mmHg,巩膜轻度黄染,腹软无压痛,肝区无叩击痛,肝肋下未触及.实验室检查:血WBC 13.1×109/L,EO 5.2×109/L,占39.7%.TBIL 36.6μmol/L,DBIL 21.5μmol/L,UDBIL 15.1μmol/L.ALT 88U/L,GGT 201U/L.AFP及CEA阴性.HBsAb阳性,其余4项均阴性.     

结合中医理论对上呼吸道感染的护理

上呼吸道感染一年四季均可发病,但以冬春季节为多.此类病人病程一般在10 d以上,易反复,有的甚至迁延不愈达1个月以上,造成门诊输液量增加、交叉感染机会增多,在医治过程中医护人员也易感染.此病虽然不像癌症使人恐惧,但它的发病率高,有的1年内可发病3次～5次,给身体和生活造成很大的不便.此类病人的症状为鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、咳嗽、咽干、咽痛、头痛、发热、乏力、全身不适等,护理一般采取对症施护:休息、保持室内空气清新、多饮水、清淡饮食等,而应用中医理论施护则更具体、更有效,对于疾病的痊愈会有极大的促进作用.     

伸缩式垂直升降护理机的适用性探讨

昏迷病人、截瘫病人、慢性消耗性疾病及脑卒中后遗症病人常伴有肢体瘫痪而长期卧床,生活不能自理,大小便失禁,易发生压疮,给病人带来极大痛苦,给家属带来繁重的负担[1].为解决这一难题,人们研究了一些护理器械,如"升降护理装置",这种护理装置由铁床、软布带、支架杆、绑绳钢筋、软网布、定滑轮组件、动滑轮组件、万向节连接件和钢丝绳组成.     

Seroconversion of HBsAG coincides with hepatitis A superinfection: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a hepatotropic virus that can cause acute and chronic liver damage.According to the world health organization 257 million people are infected with chronic HBV infection worldwide.Super-infection with other hepadnaviruses,including hepatitis A virus(HAV),hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus,and hepatitis E virus is associated with increased risk of acute liver failure in patients with chronic HBV.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of a 47-year old male patient with HBV-related compensated Child A cirrhosis,who presented with general fatigue,malaise and laboratory signs of acute hepatitis.Although the patient was regularly seen at a specialized university liver unit,the HAV vaccination status was unclear.Acute HAV super-infection was diagnosed by positive serological and polymerase chain reaction analysis.Following acute HAV super-infection,spontaneous HBsAg elimination and development of an anti-HBs titer were observed.CONCLUSION This case illustrates the importance of carefully checking the vaccination status.In our patient,unspecific immunological responses to HAV led to functional cure of HBV.     

Combined surgical and interventional treatment of tandem carotid artery and middle cerebral artery embolus: A case report

BACKGROUND The 2018 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for early management of acute ischemic stroke recommend the use of retrievable stents for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion that can be treated within 6 h from onset.For cases of carotid artery with ipsilateral middle cerebral artery tandem embolization, the operation is more complicated and challenging. We here report a case of a tandem embolism, and the anatomy of the aortic arch was complex.Direct carotid artery incision and thrombectomy can not only prevent the escape of the carotid embolus but also save time during establishment of the thrombectomy access.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 70-year-old man. He was admitted to hospital due to sudden inability to speak and inability to move his right limb for 3 h. Imaging confirmed a diagnosis of a tandem embolism in the left carotid artery with left M1 occlusion.Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stent thrombectomy was performed. The operation was successful, and 24 h later the patient was conscious and mentally competent but had motor aphasia. His bilateral limb muscle strength level was 5, and his neurologic severity scores score was 2.CONCLUSION Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stenting for carotid artery plus cerebral artery tandem embolization is clinically feasible. For patients with a complicated aortic arch and an extremely tortuous carotid artery, carotid artery incision can be chosen to establish the interventional path.     

重症胆管炎患者凝血功能改变的特点

目的：探讨重症胆管炎患者凝血功能改变的特点。方法：对２８例急诊入院且ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ评分≥１２分的重症胆管炎患者立刻采血，分别测定抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ＡＴⅢ）、血小板颗粒膜蛋白１４０（ＧＭＰ１４０）、血管性假性血友病因子（ｖＷＦ）、纤维蛋白原（Ｆｇ）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔＰＡ）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂（ＰＡＩ）、纤溶酶原（Ｐｌｇ）及α２纤溶酶抑制剂（α２ＰＩ）。结果：所有患者均存在ＡＴⅢ、ｔＰＡ、Ｐｌｇ三者活性的显著降低以及ＧＭＰ１４０、ｖＷＦ、ＰＡＩ的显著升高，Ｆｇ和α２ＰＩ均无显著变化。结论：重症胆管炎患者在疾病的早期已存在明显的凝血功能紊乱，表现为在凝血与纤溶被激活的同时伴有纤溶受抑，凝血与纤溶间的平衡被破坏而产生高凝状态，以及严重的血小板和内皮细胞受损害，结果引起组织器官内广泛的微血栓形成而导致其微循环障碍，因此易出现组织器官的功能障碍甚至衰竭     

绞股蓝治疗糖尿病和高血压病临床观察

目的：为寻求糖尿病、高血压安全有效的治疗药物，观察绞股蓝治疗糖尿病和高血压病的疗效。方法：将６０例糖尿病患者随机分为绞股蓝组、优降糖组及绞股蓝与优降糖合用组（各２０例）；６０例高血压病患者分为绞股蓝组、心痛定组及绞股蓝与心痛定合用组（各组２０例），比较３组疗效。结果：治疗２周后绞股蓝能显著地降血糖、降血压，患者治疗前后比较血糖和血压均有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），与优降糖组或心痛定组比较，差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；而联合用药组，疗效则更显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：绞股蓝是一种有效的降血糖、降血压的药物     

内皮素和一氧化氮在烧伤后肝脏血流调节中的作用

目的：研究内皮素（ＥＴ）和一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在烧伤后肝脏血流调节中的作用。方法：动态观察大鼠３０％Ⅲ度烧伤后血浆及肝脏ＥＴ、ＮＯ含量及肝脏血流量的变化,应用ＥＴ受体拮抗剂和外源性ＮＯ载体观察其对烧伤大鼠肝脏血流量的影响。结果：大鼠烧伤后肝脏血流量明显下降,伤后血浆及肝组织ＥＴ和ＮＯ含量明显升高,由于ＥＴ升高幅度相对较大,ＥＴ／ＮＯ比值也显著增加,肝组织ＥＴ、ＥＴ／ＮＯ改变与肝脏血流量的降低呈显著负相关;伤后在一定的液体复苏下应用两种ＥＴ受体拮抗剂和ＮＯ供体在一定程度上明显使肝血流量增加,同时拮抗ＥＴ受体Ａ（ＥＴＡ）、ＥＴ受体Ｂ（ＥＴＢ）较单独拮抗ＥＴＡ效果好,ＥＴ受体拮抗剂和ＮＯ供体配合使用效果更佳。结论：烧伤后由于肝脏ＥＴ的增加和内源性ＮＯ相对不足,导致肝脏血管收缩造成肝脏血流量下降,拮抗ＥＴ的作用和（或）补充外源性ＮＯ则可一定程度逆转烧伤后肝脏血流量下降     

高血压心脏病血浆神经肽Y的变化及其临床意义

目的：探讨神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）在高血压心脏病（ＨＨＤ）发生和发展中的意义。方法：对ＨＨＤ及原发性高血压Ⅰ期（ＥＨ）患者分别给予肼苯达嗪（ＨＹＤ）和培哚普利（ＰＥＲ）治疗，用放射免疫分析法测定ＨＨＤ和ＥＨ患者治疗前后血浆ＮＰＹ的浓度。结果：ＨＨＤ患者血浆ＮＰＹ浓度〔（１６３．６５±３２．４８）ｎｇ／Ｌ〕明显高于ＥＨ组〔（９８．０９±１６．７７）ｎｇ／Ｌ〕，且血浆ＮＰＹ的浓度随心功能损害程度加重而上升（Ｆ＝２４．９５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＥＨ患者经ＰＥＲ治疗后血浆ＮＰＹ浓度下降，而ＨＹＤ则无此作用；对ＨＨＤ患者，ＰＥＲ在纠正心力衰竭的同时使血浆ＮＰＹ的浓度下降更明显。结论：ＮＰＹ可能在ＨＨＤ发生和发展过程中起到一定的作用；ＮＰＹ作为一项监测指标，可能对判断高血压心脏病患者的预后有一定的意义     

中风中经络和中脏腑患者的脑脊液H~ 浓度和气体变化的分析

目的：探讨中风患者中经络、中脏腑的脑脊液酸碱度和气体变化的关系，揭示中经络和中脏腑的不同病理本质，为临床诊断和治疗中风提供依据。方法：用血气分析仪对１００例中风患者做了脑脊液酸碱度的测定和气体分析。将中经络组、中脏腑组分别与５１例正常对照组和５１例脑脊液对照组比较。结果：中脏腑组与中经络组氢离子浓度（Ｈ＋）均显著增高（Ｐ均＜０．０１），以中脏腑组更明显。中脏腑组剩余碱（ＢＥ）、标准碳酸氢根（ＳＢ）和标准剩余碱（ＳＢＥ）３项指标显示代谢性酸中毒与正常对照组和中经络组比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：脑脊液中Ｈ＋增高是中风的危险因素。脑脊液代谢性酸中毒是中脏腑患者的生化物质基础；脑脊液有否代谢性酸中毒是判断中经络、中脏腑患者的客观指标之一，为中风病的诊断、治疗和判断预后提供了客观依据     

内毒素诱发小鼠肝细胞凋亡的观察

目的：观察内毒素攻击诱导小鼠肝细胞凋亡及与肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）的关系。方法：用精制内毒素腹腔注射于实验小鼠，分别于不同时间点测其血清中ＴＮＦα、谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）和乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）含量，同时取肝脏制成组织切片进行ＨＥ和末端脱氧核糖转移酶介导的生物素化脱氧尿嘧啶缺刻标记技术（ＴＵＮＥＬ）染色，分别于光镜及荧光显微镜下观察肝细胞凋亡情况。结果：在内毒素攻击下，小鼠血清ＴＮＦα于９０分钟时首先达到峰值（１２９１．５０±１３４．４０）ｎｇ／Ｌ，其后即下降；２小时时肝细胞出现明显凋亡现象，肝组织坏死及血清酶学改变于４小时才明显产生。结论：内毒素首先诱导ＴＮＦα等释放，而ＴＮＦα及其诱生的其它细胞因子可使肝细胞发生凋亡     

新生儿窒息时血浆内皮素—1的变化及临床意义

目的：探讨血浆内皮素１（ＥＴ１）与新生儿窒息及窒息后脑损伤的关系。方法：用放射免疫法测定２０例正常足月新生儿和５３例足月窒息新生儿血浆ＥＴ１浓度，并观察其动态变化（生后２４小时内、第３日和第７日）。结果：患儿生后３日内重度窒息组血浆ＥＴ１浓度显著高于对照组和轻度组（Ｐ均＜０．０１），且轻度组高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；第７日窒息组ＥＴ１浓度逐渐下降，轻度组与对照组无显著差异，但重度组仍高于对照组和轻度组（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。生后２４小时内ＥＴ１浓度最高的５例患儿４例死亡，第７日ＥＴ１浓度高于正常值上限的１４例中５例３个月后头颅ＣＴ显示有脑萎缩。结论：ＥＴ１水平与新生儿窒息程度呈正相关；ＥＴ１在２４小时内显著升高及第７日持续不降者预后不良。     

342例中风患者的中医辨证分型与颅脑CT对照分析

目的：通过３４２例中风患者的临床中医辨证分型与颅脑ＣＴ检查结果对照，探讨颅脑ＣＴ检查结果与中医辨证分型的关系。方法：对３４２例中风患者进行中医辨证分型，中经络者２０４例，中脏腑者１３８例，全部进行了头颅轴位ＣＴ扫描；并与３４２例的ＣＴ诊断结果进行对照分析。结果：中经络２０４例中腔隙性脑梗死１５６例，缺血性脑梗死２６例，出血性脑梗死３例，脑出血（小面积出血灶）１１例；中脏腑１３８例中以脑出血为主。结论：ＣＴ诊断中的腔隙性脑梗死以及小面积的脑出血等中风病证多为中经络（１９６例）；而脑出血和多发性脑梗死等多为中脏腑（１３０例）。同时临床表现和中医辨证也符合“中经络者一般无意识改变而病轻，中脏腑者常有意识不清而病重”的理论     

严重烧伤早期大鼠心肌收缩性变化及其机制的实验研究

目的：研究严重烧伤早期心肌收缩性变化及其机制。方法：将６０只大鼠随机分为对照组（１０只，不烧伤）和烧伤组（５０只，致３０％体表面积Ⅲ度烧伤），测定大鼠烧伤前（对照组）及烧伤后１小时、３小时、６小时、１２小时和２４小时心功能及心肌肌球蛋白ＡＴＰ酶活性变化。结果：烧伤组左心室收缩压（ＬＶＳＰ）和左心室收缩压最大变化速率（±ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ）比对照组明显降低；心肌肌球蛋白ＡＴＰ酶活性比对照组大幅度下降，与ＬＶＳＰ和ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ均呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９１７２，ｒ＝０．９７６１；Ｐ均＜０．０１）。结论：心肌肌球蛋白ＡＴＰ酶活性降低是严重烧伤早期心肌收缩性减弱的重要机制之一。     

ICU内患者获得性真菌感染的防治

目的：研究长期住ＩＣＵ患者获得性深部真菌感染的发生特点及防治对策。方法：回顾性分析１９９５年１月～１９９７年１２月我院ＳＩＣＵ连续长期住院患者６５例，定期采取呼吸道（痰液）、血液、尿液、中心静脉插管、各种引流及伤口深部拭子标本，行微生物培养及药敏试验。结果：６５例患者中微生物培养阳性者４９例（７５．４％）；其中单纯真菌感染者２例（３．１％）；真菌合并细菌感染者１８例（２７．７％）。真菌感染的总发生率为４０．８％（２０／４９）。共获得真菌４１株，念珠菌属仍是主要感染病原体，占全部４１株的５６．１％以上，但白色念珠菌感染比例显著下降。结论：ＩＣＵ中真菌感染最常见于呼吸道和泌尿道，感染发生率与患者年龄、留治时间及机械通气时间有关。应用广谱强力抗生素可以造成菌群失调而引发深部真菌感染。非白色念珠菌类念珠菌正成为深部真菌感染的主要病原菌