多层螺旋CT诊断小网膜巨淋巴细胞增生症1例

病例 男,40岁,3月前无明显诱因晨起上腹部疼痛,纳差,无发热、呕吐及肩背部放射痛,上腹部查体及肿瘤系列检查未见异常.B超和MRI示:肝胃间隙一大小约3.0 cm×3.6 cm×4.3 cm实性肿块,境界清楚,边缘光滑,实质均匀,考虑良性占位,间质瘤可能.多层螺旋CT平扫、增强扫描及三维重建(VR、MIP)示:肝胃间隙肿块动脉期不均匀明显强化(较平扫CT值升高约60 HU),病灶由腹腔干供血,周围有显著强化迂曲、扩张动脉影;门脉期及延迟期病灶呈持续强化,与腹腔动脉强化一致,考虑良性占位,巨淋巴细胞增生症可能性大(图1～7).术中所见:肿块位于肝胃之间小网膜处,大小约3.6 cm×4.0 cm×4.2 cm,实质柔软,与肝左叶及胃小弯分界清楚,肿块上极表面可见血管迂曲、扩张(图8).     

卵巢硬化性间质瘤CT诊断1例

CT检查显示右侧卵巢区可见一不规则囊实性肿块,以囊性为主,囊壁厚,边界清晰,内见分隔及乳头状物突入,平扫囊性部分CT值约19 HU,实性部分CT值约35 HU(图1),增强扫描实性肿块显著强化,囊腔范围变小,动脉期病灶从周边开始强化向中心扩展(图2),静脉期病灶强化仍明显(图3).     

胃癌肉瘤的CT表现1例

患者,男,59岁,左上腹痛1年,反复黑便2个月.上消化道钡餐见胃体部小弯侧一巨大的腔内充盈缺损影,边缘不规则呈分叶状,局部胃黏膜中断,胃壁僵硬,蠕动消失.B超示:左上腹部探及一不均匀低回声肿块,内见两个无回声暗区,大小约5 cm×7 cm.贲门部见多个肿大的淋巴结.CT表现:胃体小弯处见一巨大低密度肿物,肿物凸入胃腔内形成充盈缺损,呈分叶状,边界较清楚,与肝左叶分界较清楚.最大层面约6 cm×7 cm大小,内部密度较均匀,CT值约为35 HU,未见坏死、钙化及更低密度区,其中心见一圆形的脂肪密度区,CT值为-70 HU,但其与胃浆膜外脂肪相连(图1).相邻的胃壁未见明确增厚.增强扫描动脉期见肿瘤呈较均匀一致的明显强化,CT值约为70 HU,胃小弯侧黏膜强化明显.其浆膜面见一小血管进入肿块(图2);门脉期肿瘤进一步强化,CT值约为100 HU,肿块与周围结构分界变得更清晰(图3).     

外生性胃巨大间质瘤1例

患者男,54岁,以发现上腹部包块2年入院.2年来患者自觉上腹部包块逐渐增大,期间曾到就近医院就诊,诊断为PHC.发病以来,患者大小便正常,体重无明显下降.查体:上腹部膨隆,可触及一巨大质韧包块,表面凸凹不平,压痛不明显,边界清,肝区叩击痛阳性,肠鸣音正常.实验室检查:肝炎病毒阴性,肝肾功能正常,AFP等肿瘤学指标正常;腹部B超示:肝脏包膜光滑,肝左叶见15 cm×13 cm大小强回声块影,边界欠清,内部回声欠均匀,中央部分液化,考虑肝左叶实性占位.腹部增强CT示:肝脏形态异常,表面光滑,肝叶比例失调,肝左叶及肝胃间隙可见巨大团块状低密度影,最大断面约20 cm×12 cm,压迫胃体及胰腺,与胃壁分界不清,其内可见片状低密度影,动脉期-延迟期局部呈逐步强化,测CT值分别为30 HU、43 HU、55 HU,中心低密度未见强化,腹膜后未见明确肿大淋巴结,考虑PHC.     

颅内孤立性纤维瘤2例

病例1:女,30岁,右侧面耳部持续性麻木2月余,可忍受,偶感头痛;CT:右侧额顶部可见4.2 cm×6.3 cm×5.5 cm分叶状肿块.病例2:女,35岁,头昏、头痛,左眼视力模糊,伴呕吐4天;CT:右侧颞部见4.0 cm×3.6 cm×3.0 cm形态不规则肿块.2例肿块T2WI均呈不均匀信号,以稍高信号为主,其内可见小条片状稍低信号,并多发点片状高信号,T1WI以等信号为主,其内多发点片状低信号,周围见大片水肿信号;增强后肿块实性部分明显强化(图1),囊变部分未见强化.     

腹部神经鞘瘤1例

患者女,74岁,半个月前体检发现肝内占位病变,无发热、皮肤瘙痒、皮肤及巩膜黄染等。CT:肝门区混杂密度囊实性肿块,边缘光滑,CT值18～25HU,门静脉呈受压改变(图1);增强后肝门区肿块不均匀强化(图2)。腹部MRI:肿瘤呈混杂信号,未侵及胆囊及门静脉(图3),磁共振胰胆管造影示肿瘤与肝内胆管关系不密切,门静     

前上纵膈囊性A型胸腺瘤1例

正患者男性,78岁,查体发现前上纵隔肿物1年余入住胜利油田中心医院。患者无明显症状,实验室检查未见明显异常。CT检查示:胸廓对称,胸壁未见明显异常影。气管纵隔居中,右侧前纵隔处见不规则形囊实性肿块影(图1),CT值约20.0～39.0HU,最大横截面积5.4 cm×4.5 cm,增强扫描病灶内见分隔样强化,病灶呈分叶状,紧贴心包,邻近肺野受推压;双侧肺野内未见明显异常密度影;双侧胸膜轻度增厚。CT诊断右侧前纵隔囊实性肿块,考虑畸胎瘤可能性大。     

CT诊断成人腹腔淋巴管瘤一例

患者女,43岁,因近1年月经不调,超声发现盆腔肿块5 d入院。患者于1年前无明显诱因出现月经不调,查体腹部稍膨隆,无腹痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐,无肛门坠胀、大便带血等症状。妇科超声检查发现盆腔囊性肿块。CT平扫显示中下腹部、盆腔内可见一巨大囊样低密度影,大小约10.9 cm×22.7 cm×30.6 cm,边界较清楚,其内可见分隔,且分隔较少、较薄,囊内密度较均匀,CT值为14 HU,其内可见散在点状钙化灶（图1）,邻近组织、器官明显受压移位,无腹水。增强扫描动脉期显示肿瘤未见明显异常强化,CT值为14 HU,分隔亦未见明显强化（图2）,静脉期及延迟期显示肿瘤亦未见明显延迟强化, ;CT值为15 HU,分隔稍强化（图3）。     

侧脑室神经鞘瘤一例

女,29岁,间断性头痛8个月伴加重3 d。查体:颅神经检查未见异常,四肢肌张力正常,双侧肢体肌力5级,肢体无瘫痪,腱反射正常,病理征阴性。MRI检查:右侧顶部及侧脑室后角不规则囊实性信号影,大小为3.8 cm×3.4 cm×3.4cm,肿瘤实性部分呈TIWI等信号T2WI稍高信号(图1A、1B),T2 FLAIR及扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)呈稍高信号(图1C、1D),表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)图信号未见明显降低,ADC值为0.2×10^-3 mm^2/s(图1E),囊性部分各序列与脑脊液信号相仿,内可见低信号分隔,增强扫描病灶实性部分呈明显较均匀强化,其内可见斑点状无强化区,囊壁及分隔未见明显强化(图1F、1G),周围脑组织呈TIWI稍低信号T2WI稍高信号。     

脑室外中枢神经细胞瘤一例

<正>患者女,50岁,6个月前无明显诱因出现右侧肢体活动不利,右下肢为主,表现为行走不便,右下肢拖行。发病初始外院CT示:右额叶囊性占位,考虑低级别胶质瘤。入我院MR扫描:左侧额顶叶及侧脑室旁见一类圆形囊实性肿块影,大小为4.7 cm×3.5 cm×4.8 cm,边界清楚,呈长T1、长T2信号为主(图1~3),DWI呈混杂信号,实性部分呈高信号(图4),围轻度水肿,增强扫描实性部分呈不规则明显不均匀强化,囊壁均匀强化(图     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.     

自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊社区获得性肺炎诊治中的应用

目的 探讨自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊科社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者诊断中的价值.方法 根据病史、肺功能测定结果、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)诊断标准,将111例CAP患者分为单纯CAP组(56例)和COPD合并CAP组[即慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)组,55例].询问患者病史后即刻抽取动脉血测血气并进行自动化酸碱平衡图分析.结果 血气分析结果显示,AECOPD组动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2,kPa)、HCO3- (mmol/L)、剩余碱(BE,mmol/L)均显著高于CAP组(PaCO2:7.714±2.414比5.896±1.308,HCO3-:30.767±7.185比25.014±3.043,BE:4.345±5.371比-0.354±3.180,均P＜0.01).自动化酸碱平衡图分析结果显示,AECOPD组患者酸碱平衡紊乱高达89.1％,CAP组为66.1％.将AECOPD组和CAP组患者中正常(10.9％、33.9％)、急性呼吸性酸中毒(急性呼酸,12.7％、14.3％)、慢性呼吸性酸中毒(慢性呼酸,49.1％、10.7％)、呼吸性碱中毒(呼碱,7.3％、14.3％)、代谢性酸中毒(代酸,12.7％、17.9％)、代谢性碱中毒(代碱,12.7％、8.9％)综合进行x2分析,差异有统计学意义(x2=24.421,P=0.001),而将正常、急性呼酸、呼碱、代酸及代碱进行x2分析,差异无统计学意义(x2=5.280,P=0.260),提示AECOPD患者慢性呼酸的发生率较单纯CAP患者显著增加.结论 自动化酸碱平衡图能帮助急诊科医师快速识别CAP患者是否存在多重酸碱平衡紊乱,并可快速识别急、慢性呼吸系统疾病.