前交叉韧带重建后本体感觉训练前后步行参数变化的计算机辅助三维步态分析系统比较

背景：目前关于前交叉韧带重建后训练对患者静态本体感觉或平衡的影响研究较多,对动态步行稳定性的研究较少。目的：利用三维步态分析系统对前交叉韧带重建后患者本体感觉训练后步行的稳定性进行分析。方法：单侧前交叉韧带重建患者32例,重建后3～6个月,可独立步行,膝关节无明显肿胀疼痛。所有患者本体感觉训练前及训练2个月后进行步态分析。结果与结论：本体感觉训练后患者步频（P〈0.01）、步长（P〈0.01）、步速（P〈0.05）、患足廓清地面最大距离（P〈0.001）均较训练前明显改善。行走时,骨盆摆动、上身摆动三维扑捉图像与训练前相比更对称,更协调。提示利用三维步态分析系统比较本体感觉训练的效果,对评估步行过程中不自觉的关节稳定和姿势、平衡的调整和维持具有重要意义。     

前交叉韧带自体腘绳肌腱移植单束重建:患膝关节功能及稳定性1年随访

背景:目前,关节镜下前交叉韧带保残与非保残重建的优劣以及保残重建对本体感觉的影响尚无明确定论。目的:比较关节镜下前交叉韧带自体腘绳肌腱移植保残重建与非保残重建后膝关节功能及稳定性的1年随访。方法:回顾分析关节镜下前交叉韧带重建患者75例,其中非保残重建37例,保残重建38例,均使用自体腘绳肌腱作为移植物。治疗前及治疗后6个月、治疗后1年进行Lysholm评分,IKDC评分及KT2000检测评价患者膝关节功能及稳定性,并采用被动角度重复试验进行本体感觉测试。结果与结论:治疗后随访时间为12-20个月。两组患者治疗后6个月患膝关节活动度均已基本恢复正常,患膝治疗后6个月、治疗后1年Lysholm评分,IKDC评分及KT2000检测较治疗前均获改善(P<0.05),两组之间差异无显著性意义。术后6个月及1年保残组健侧和患侧本体感觉偏差小于非保残组(P<0.05)。治疗后摄片检查发现两组各有2例患者胫骨骨道偏离理想位置,未见独眼畸形发生。结果表明,前交叉韧带自体腘绳肌腱移植保残重建有利于患者修复术后本体感觉的恢复,并不增加手术并发症的发生率。     

前交叉韧带重建后本体感觉的改变及康复

前交叉韧带(anterior crucIate ligament,ACL)有两个重要的功能:一是生物力学功能,二是本体感觉功能.良好的本体感觉是获得准确高效的功能性运动的基础.前交叉韧带损伤使感受和传入信息受阻,对完成运动和日常活动造成很大影响.前交叉韧带功能的完全康复,不仅仅依赖于其力学结构的康复,本体感觉功能的康复同样重要.因此提出前交叉韧带损伤关节功能的重建,不仅应包括关节生物力学稳定性的重建,而且还应有本体感觉的重建.文章从前交叉韧带本体感受器的分布及本体感觉的功能出发,分析前交叉韧带损伤后本体感觉的改变,探讨影响前交叉韧带重建后本体感觉康复的因素及促进前交叉韧带重建后本体感觉康复的方法.     

早期减重步态训练对前交叉韧带重建术后下肢步行功能的影响

目的:探讨前交叉韧带重建术后早期减重(PBWS)步态训练对下肢步行功能及膝关节稳定性的影响。方法:将膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后患者41例分为治疗组20例及对照组21例,术后分别进行常规训练加减重步态训练和常规康复训练。术后12周、6个月进行小腿周径测定、Holden步行功能分级、10m步行时间测定、国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表(IKDC)评分,术后6个月进行KT-1000关节稳定性检查。结果:术后12周治疗组Holden步行功能分级、10m步行时间、健患小腿周径差、IKDC评分与对照组之间差异具有显著性的意义(P0.05),术后6个月,各项指标及KT-1000检查两组之间的差异无显著性的意义(P0.05)。12周时治疗组与6个月时对照组相比Holden步行功能分级、10m步行时间、小腿周径差差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:前交叉韧带重建术后早期加入减重步态训练能较早促进下肢功能恢复,提高步行能力,同时也不影响近期膝关节稳定性。     

前交叉韧带重建术后患者膝本体感觉与姿势控制的相关性

目的:探讨前交叉韧带重建术后患者本体感觉及姿势控制的相关性。方法:选取32例符合纳入排除标准的前交叉韧带重建患者和10例健康对照组,观察组行常规康复治疗,观察组患者术后16周与健康对照组使用多关节等速测试及训练系统进行角度再现测试评估膝关节本体感觉,平衡测试仪进行单腿支撑动态平衡测试来评估姿势控制能力。动态平衡指标为总体、前后及左右稳定指数。结果:干预16周后,观察组患侧及健侧膝15°、45°、75°再现差值,总体、前后、左右稳定指数均大于对照组(均P<0.05),观察组患侧膝15°、45°、75°再现差值,总体、前后、左右稳定指数均大于观察组健侧(均P<0.05)。15°、45°再现差值与总体、前后、左右稳定指数均呈正相关(均P<0.05);75°再现差值与总体稳定指数呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:单侧前交叉韧带重建术后双下肢本体感觉及姿势控制能力均下降,本体感觉和姿势控制能力有关。建议临床上应加强损伤侧及健侧本体感觉及姿势控制训练。     

本体感觉训练在膝前交叉韧带重建术后康复中的应用

目的探讨本体感觉训练在前交叉韧带重建术后康复中的作用。方法将前交叉韧带重建术后患者42例按病区分为本体感觉促进组(26例)和对照组(16例),对照组应用一般康复训练方法,本体感觉促进组应用一般康复训练方法和本体感觉强化训练。术后6个月进行患者位置觉测定、膝关节功能评分及关节稳定性检查。结果在被动角度重现测试中,本体感觉促进组患侧膝的总平均偏差为(4.10±1.38)°,健侧膝的总平均偏差为(3.76±1.93)°,两侧膝比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组患侧膝的总平均偏差为(4.85±1.55)°,健侧膝的总平均偏差为(3.56±1.72)°,患侧膝的总平均偏差显著大于健侧(P<0.01)。本体感觉促进组的Lysholm评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患侧膝Lanchman和Pivotshift检查均为阴性。结论前交叉韧带重建术后应用强化本体感觉训练能促进下肢功能的恢复。     

多通道FES踏车训练对脑卒中患者下肢感觉-运动能力的临床影响

目的：观察多通道功能性电刺激踏车训练对脑卒中患者下肢本体感觉、平衡及步态的影响。方法：选取44例脑卒中患者随机分为对照组和观察组，每组22例。对照组给予常规康复训练和普通主被动踏车训练，观察组进行常规康复训练和多通道功能性电刺激踏车训练。治疗前、治疗8周后采用平衡仪评估患者的本体感觉；采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)评估患者的平衡功能；采用三维步态评估患者的步行功能。结果：治疗8周后，2组患者ATE、Time以及步宽的数值均较治疗前降低（P<0.05），且观察组的数值更低于对照组（P<0.05)；2组患者BBS评分、步长、步速、健侧时间摆动占比以及下肢各关节最大活动角度的数值均较治疗前提高（P<0.05），且观察组的数值更高于对照组（P<0.05)；患者患侧下肢ATE差值与步宽差值呈正相关（P＜0.05），与步长差值、步速差值、健侧摆动时间占比差值、患侧髋关节/膝关节/踝关节屈伸角度差值均呈负相关（P＜0.05）；患者Time差值与步宽差值呈正相关（P＜0.05），与步长差值、步速差值、健侧摆动时间占比差值、患侧髋关节/踝关节屈伸角度差值均呈低度负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：在常规康复治疗基础上联合使用多通道功能性电刺激踏车训练可以有效提高脑卒中患者的本体感觉，进一步改善平衡功能以及步态。     

前交叉韧带重建术后本体感觉的促进训练

目的探讨关节镜下腘绳肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带术后进行本体感觉康复训练对膝关节功能恢复的影响。方法对56例在关节镜下采用腘绳肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带术的患者进行强化本体感觉训练,术后6个月～1年随访,并按照角度再生试验和单腿弹跳试验标准评价效果。结果 56例患者优良率达91.1%。结论腘绳肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带术后采取一系列旨在促进本体感觉恢复的康复训练程序,有利于膝关节功能的稳定。     

核心稳定性训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者步态时空参数和对称性参数的影响

摘要 目的：应用步态分析,观察核心稳定性训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者步态时空参数和对称性参数的影响。 方法：选取脑卒中偏瘫患者60例,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组及对照组,每组30例。两组均进行常规治疗,观察组在此基础上给予核心稳定性训练。分别于治疗前和治疗6周后使用三维步态分析仪器检测并获得两组患者的步态参数。 结果：治疗6周后,两组患者步频、步幅、步速、患侧摆动相和健侧摆动相均较治疗前明显提高（P<0.01）,步宽、步态周期、双支撑相、患侧支撑相、健侧支撑相、步长偏差、健侧患侧支撑相比值和患侧健侧摆动相比值均较治疗前显著减小（P<0.01）。组间比较显示,观察组患者的步频、步幅、步速、步宽、步态周期、双支撑相、健侧支撑相、健侧摆动相、步长偏差、健侧患侧支撑相比值和患侧健侧摆动相比值改善均明显优于对照组（P<0.05或0.01）。 结论：核心稳定性训练能有效改善脑卒中偏瘫患者步态时空参数和对称性参数,提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的步行功能和步态的对称性。     

前交叉韧带重建后膝关节本体感觉功能的康复训练与护理

膝关节前交叉韧带重建后,本体感觉功能的恢复与否是衡量膝关节功能恢复的重要标志.总结了对53例前交叉韧带重建术后病人的康复训练与护理,重点包括股四头肌等长收缩锻炼,直腿抬高训练,终末伸膝锻炼,视知觉下的膝关节角度、位置训练,以及功能协调性训练和心理护理等.经8～24个月随访,本组有49例(占92.5%)本体感觉恢复良好,病人满意.认为在前交叉韧带重建后进行系统、正规的康复训练和护理,有利于促进膝关节本体感觉功能的恢复.     

The effect of insufficient quadriceps strength on gait after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of quadriceps strength and joint stability on gait patterns after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparative study in which four groups underwent motion analysis with surface electromyography. BACKGROUND: Individuals following anterior cruciate ligament rupture often demonstrate reduced knee angles and moments during the early stance phase of gait. Alterations in gait can neither be ascribed to instability nor to quadriceps weakness alone when both are present. METHODS: Twenty-eight individuals with complete anterior cruciate ligament rupture (10 patients with acute rupture, 8 patients following reconstruction with quadriceps strength >90% of the uninvolved side [strong-anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed group], and 10 patients after reconstruction with quadriceps strength <80% of the uninvolved side [weak-anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed group]), and 10 uninjured subjects underwent an examination of their lower extremity to collect kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography during walking and jogging. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was arthroscopically assisted and a double loop semitendinosis-gracilis autograft or allograft was used as a graft source. All reconstructed subjects had stable knees, full range of motion, and no effusion or pain at the time of testing (more than three months after surgery). RESULTS: Knee angles and moments of the strong group were indistinguishable from the uninjured group during early stance of both walking and jogging. The weak subjects had reduced knee angles and moments during walking, and jogged similarly to the deficient subjects. Regression analysis revealed a significant effect between early stance phase knee angles and moments and quadriceps strength during both walking and jogging. CONCLUSION: Inadequate quadriceps strength contributes to altered gait patterns following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. RELEVANCE: Rapid strengthening following anterior cruciate ligament injury or reconstruction may contribute to a safe return to high-level activities.     

关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后的康复护理

目的:探讨关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后康复训练的相应护理措施。方法:对关节镜下前交叉韧带重建手术的康复护理进行总结分析,即术后对病人进行仔细的观察,结合国内外成功案例,根据重建材料、手术方法的不同和病人个体差异,分别制定系统的康复计划,并结合病人的恢复情况适当调整,出院后进行指导和随访。结果:23例病人手术顺利,均可以独立进行正确步态的行走,恢复至正常生活。结论:运用科学的方法,对不同病人、不同训练时期的康复训练做针对性的指导,并加强与医师、病人及家属的沟通,才能保证关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术的成功。     

Neuromuscular training improves knee proprioception in athletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAthletes exhibit deficits in knee proprioception following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Neuromuscular training programs improve knee proprioception in uninjured athletes; however, the effects on knee proprioception in athletes who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a neuromuscular training program on knee proprioception in athletes who have returned to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.MethodsTwenty-four male athletes, who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction within the previous 6–12 months and returned to sport, participated in this randomized controlled trial. Athletes were randomly allocated to an experimental group (n = 12) that took part in an 8-week neuromuscular training program or a control group (n = 12) that simply continued their typical training routine. Knee position sense was assessed at baseline and after the 8-week period (post-testing). One-way analysis of covariance, with baseline performance included as a covariate, was used to compare knee position sense errors for the reconstructed limbs of the experimental and control groups at the post-testing time point.FindingsKnee position sense errors decreased by 51.7% for the experimental group and only 4.4% for the control group over the 8-week period. As a result, the experimental group demonstrated lower knee position sense errors, compared to the control group, at the post-testing time point (P < .001).InterpretationAthletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may benefit from participation in a neuromuscular training program, even after completing post-operative rehabilitation.     

Effects of neuromuscular training on knee joint stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

[Purpose] This study examined the effects of neuromuscular training on knee joint stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 16 adults who underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate reconstruction and neuromuscular training. The Lysholm scale was used to assess functional disorders on the affected knee joint. A KT-2000 arthrometer was used to measure anterior displacement of the tibia against the femur. Surface electromyography was used to detect the muscle activation of the vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus before and after neuromuscular training. [Results] There was significant relaxation in tibial anterior displacement of the affected and sound sides in the supine position before neuromuscular training. Furthermore, the difference in the tibial anterior displacement of the affected knee joints in the standing position was reduced after neuromuscular training. Moreover, the variation of the muscle activation evoked higher muscle activation of the vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus. [Conclusion] Neuromuscular training may improve functional joint stability in patients with orthopedic musculoskeletal injuries in the postoperative period.Key words: Arthrometer, Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Neuromuscular training     

适应膝关节肌力变化：是重建前交叉韧带后康复治疗的基本原则

背景：前交叉韧带重建后早期如何干预以减少肌力下降和切取腘绳肌腱后对屈膝肌电-机械延迟的影响是一个值得研究的方向。目的：采用文献分析法重点对前交叉韧带重建后膝关节肌力的变化及康复的进展进行了综述分析。方法：以＂Anterior Cruciate Ligament;hamstring;Muscle Strength＂和＂前交叉韧带;肌力;腘绳肌;电-机械延迟＂为中英文检索词,计算机检索2000年1月至2014年1月PubMed数据库及万方医学网相关文献。选择与前交叉韧带重建后肌力的改变、评价方法及重建后肌力康复相关的文献。最终纳入34篇文献进行探讨。结果与结论：研究表明：切取腘绳肌腱会导致术后的屈膝肌力和胫骨内旋肌力的降低,从而影响膝关节的稳定性和功能活动水平。综合临床和等速肌力测试的结果,可以对前交叉韧带重建后的疗效进行综合评定,H/Q比率（屈/伸比）的改变能够用于指导前交叉韧带损伤后的康复。前交叉韧带重建后移植物塑形过程比其他动物实验研究更长,肌腱松弛度是影响电机械延迟的重要因素之一。在基本康复训练原则的基础上根据个体功能水平及时做出相应的调整,充分体现个性化训练。国内外研究均表明前交叉韧带重建肌力康复始于重建手术之前,以尽早开始肌肉收缩的再训练从而最大程度地防止肌肉萎缩。存在的问题主要集中在康复手段的更细化和科学化以及早期康复训练的＂度＂的把握上。     

神经肌肉训练在前交叉韧带重建术后康复中的应用进展

神经肌肉训练是前交叉韧带重建术后重要的康复训练方法,包括肌肉力量训练、平衡训练、灵敏性训练、近端控制训练和本体感觉训练。神经肌肉训练可改善前交叉韧带重建术后膝关节神经肌肉控制能力,增强膝关节稳定性,促进运动能力的恢复。康复训练效果受性别、年龄和训练内容的影响,还需针对不同患者和训练内容进一步探索,使术后康复训练达到最佳效果。     

护理康复路径管理对促进膝前交叉韧带本体感觉功能恢复的影响

目的探讨护理康复路径管理对促进膝前交叉韧带本体感功能恢复的影响。方法选取膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者204例,分为观察组和对照组,各102例。观察组采用护理康复路径管理方法,对照组运用传统康复训练方法。结果手术后4周、12周、24周两组患者伤膝各角度位置觉偏差差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论护理康复路径管理对膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者的本体感觉恢复具有显著的提高作用。     

Coordination stability between the legs is reduced after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BackgroundThe study was designed to examine coordination differences in walking between individuals with an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction compared with healthy matched controls. Predictions from the extended Haken, Kelso, and Bunz coupled oscillator model were tested in these populations.MethodsSeventeen persons with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and 17 matched controls participated in the study. Sagittal plane angular knee displacement was recorded using electrogoniometers over the lateral right and left knee joints while participants walked at five walking speeds overground. Coordination pattern and stability between the knees were quantified by mean and standard deviation of relative phase, respectively.FindingsMean relative phase was not influenced by walking speed or group. For both groups, coordination stability was maximal when individual's walked at their preferred gait speed. However, the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group demonstrated reduced coordination stability compared with healthy controls across the five speeds. Multiple regression analyses found that people with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction who deviated more from antiphase coordination had decreased coordination stability.InterpretationAnterior cruciate ligament reconstruction results in decreased coordination stability, indicative of reduced coupling strength between the legs. This change in gait coordination, which has not previously been found in the literature, may contribute to the increased rate of re-injury and degeneration in individuals who have had this reconstructive surgery. Application of a motor control model enhances our understanding of the influence of an injury on coordination during gait.     

自体四股半腱肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带的功能康复

目的；评价关节镜下用半腱肌肌腱和微型纽扣钢板重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的疗效，并探讨激进康复训练对手术疗效的影响。方法：膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者32例，均采用关节镜下自体四股半腱肌肌腱和微型纽扣钢板重建ACL，术前后按激进康复方案和本体感觉强化训练。结果：32例患者术后早期均未发生严重并发症。经平均13个月随访，32例患者Lysholm和Gillquist膝关节评分由术前的35-80分提高至78-100分（P〈0．05），其中23例恢复到损伤前运动水平，9例运动水平较前有所下降。结论；关节镜下半腱肌肌腱和微型纽扣钢板重建ACL手术创伤小、出血少，术后恢复快，临床效果满意;配合系统的激进康复训练可明显缩短康复时间，更快地获得膝关节良好的功能。