膝骨关节炎患者膝屈伸肌群等速肌力及其与功能的相关性

目的观察膝关节骨关节炎(KOA)患者膝屈伸肌群等速肌力变化及其与膝关节功能的关系。方法23 例双侧KOA患者及14 名正常人进行膝屈伸肌等速肌力检查、五次坐-起试验(FTSST)、静态平衡测试、步态分析。KOA组还完成疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及WOMAC骨关节炎指数评定。结果KOA组伸肌及屈肌峰力矩、峰力矩均值、平均功率、单次最佳做功及总功主患侧均小于对侧(P<0.05);峰力矩屈肌/伸肌(H/Q)百分比主患侧大于对侧(P<0.05)。组间比较,伸肌所有观察指标、屈肌平均功率KOA组均小于正常对照组(P<0.05);峰力矩H/Q 百分比KOA组大于正常对照组(P<0.05)。KOA组伸肌等速肌力峰力矩与FTSST、步行速度、步行距离、跌倒指数、VAS 评分、WOMAC-疼痛评分之间存在相关性(P<0.05),屈肌等速肌力峰力矩与FTSST、步态参数、跌倒指数、VAS评分、WOMAC评分之间无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论KOA患者伸肌及屈肌等速肌力主患侧较对侧减弱,伸肌等速肌力较正常人减弱,膝伸屈肌肌力变化不同步。KOA患者伸肌等速肌力峰力矩与膝关节疼痛、功能之间存在相关性。     

膝关节骨关节炎患者等长、等速向心和等速离心测试的比较观察

目的 评价膝关节骨关节炎（OA）患者患侧及健侧膝伸肌和屈肌在等长、等速向心和等速离心收缩时的功能特性及相互间的关系。方法 应用Biodex System 3型等速测试系统对54例单侧膝OA患者进行患侧和健侧膝伸肌和屈肌的等长、等速向心及等速离心肌力测试。结果 膝OA患者患侧膝关节伸肌和屈肌在不同收缩模式下的肌力均较健侧显著下降（P＜0．05），特别是在低速向心和低速离心收缩状态时的降低幅度尤为显著；同时患者的膝关节屈／伸肌肌力（H／Q）比值和动态控制率均提示其患侧肢体存在肌力平衡异常。结论 在对膝OA患者肌肉功能进行评定时，应选用等速肌力测试并同时分析其H／Q比值及动态控制率，只有这样才能对患者的肌肉状况作出全面而客观的评定。     

5次坐-立试验在膝骨关节炎患者功能评估中的价值

目的明确运动功能测试结果能否反映膝骨关节炎患者的患肢肌力水平。方法对30例经放射影像学确诊且有临床症状的膝骨关节炎患者进行5次坐-立试验、10 m步行速度、计时起立-行走和等速肌力测试。结果5次坐-立试验与10 m步行速度和计时起立-行走之间相关(P<0.001);5次坐-立试验、10 m步行速度、计时起立-行走与患肢伸肌肌力均相关(P<0.05)。结论5次坐-立试验测试既能反映膝骨关节炎患者的行走能力又能反映患肢肌力水平,可以作为评价膝骨关节炎患者下肢功能水平的评估方法。     

等速离心肌力训练治疗膝关节骨关节炎的研究

运动Ｃｙｂｅｘ－６０００型等还肌力测试和训练系统对２０例膝关节骨关节炎患者进行 量等速离心肌力训练，观察训练对患膝肌力、疼痛及下肢功能的影响。结果表明：经过４周的训练，患膝 伸肌群各项测试指标均有不同程度提高，疼痛明显缓解，下肢功能显著改善。说明亚极量等速离心训练对膝关节骨关节炎２的近期疗效是明显的。     

膝骨关节炎患者股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌间的协调性

目的应用表面肌电图和等速肌力测定方法比较膝骨关节炎患者与正常人股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌间的协调性改变。方法34例膝骨关节炎患者和34名膝关节健康者在膝关节屈曲10°、60°、100°等长伸膝和等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝运动测试模式下,进行股内侧肌(VM)、股直肌(RF)和股外侧肌(VL)的表面肌电图和股四头肌肌力的评测,包括肌肉激活启动顺序和VM/VL神经肌电比值。结果与正常人对比,膝骨关节炎患者在等速180°/s伸膝运动时VM相对于VL启动延迟（P＜0.05）;在膝屈10°等长伸膝运动时,VM/VL神经肌电比值降低（P＜0.05）。结论膝骨关节炎患者患侧股四头肌的协调性减退。     

膝关节骨关节炎患者膝屈伸肌的表面肌电信号研究

目的 评价单侧膝关节骨关节炎（OA）患者在不同运动状态下的健、患侧膝屈伸肌的肌肉功能和协调活动差异，为临床制定康复方案提供依据。方法 用Noraxon Myosystem1200型表面肌电图仪对26例单侧膝关节骨关节炎患者的等长肌肉收缩功能和下蹲运动进行表面肌电信号的测试。结果 患侧股外侧肌和股二头肌在最大等长收缩和下蹲运动时的肌电振幅均值小于健侧（P〈0．05）。在最大等长收缩过程中，患侧的拮抗肌协同收缩率较健侧增高（P〈0．05）；在下蹲运动过程中，患侧的胭绳肌共同活动比率高于检测（P〈0．05）。结论 表面肌电图测试可用于量化评价膝OA患者在不同运动过程中肌肉功能。膝OA患肢在不同运动状态下均可能存在肌肉功能降低和肌力平衡异常。康复治疗不仅应重视股四头肌肌力增强而且应重视改善膝关节的肌力平衡。     

膝关节骨性关节炎等速肌力测试的研究

运用Ｃｙｂｅｘ－６０００型等速测力系统对３４名膝关节骨性关节炎（ｏｓｔｅｏａｒｔｈｒｉｔｉｓ，ＯＡ）患者的两侧膝伸肌和屈肌进行肌力测试。结果表明患膝屈肌和伸肌的峰力矩在不同运动速度下（６０°／ｓ，１２０°／ｓ和１８０°／ｓ）均较健侧明显下降，尤以６０°／ｓ时峰力矩下降明显。患膝屈肌和伸肌峰力矩出现的时间与健侧相比有延迟趋势。由于患膝屈肌力和伸肌力同步下降，屈肌、伸肌峰力矩比值与健侧相比无明显差异。认为对膝ＯＡ患者的肌力训练，应同时考虑伸膝力和屈膝力的训练，以便提高肌力，改善关节稳定性。     

膝骨性关节炎患者膝屈伸肌力与其功能的相关性研究

目的；研究膝关节炎患者膝屈伸肌力与其下肢功能的相关性。方法：运用Ｃｙｂｅｘ６０００型等速测力系统对３８名膝关节骨关节炎健侧膝及患侧膝进行肌力测试，并对患者下肢日常活动能力及疼痛程度进行评定。结果表明：患侧膝屈肌和伸肌的峰力矩、力矩加速学能、作功量和平均功率与健侧膝相比显著降低，且屈伸肌肌力的减退与下肢活动能力下降，以及患膝疼痛程度有显著相关性。结论：对膝关节骨关节炎患者不但应注重患膝疼痛的治疗，而     

膝关节骨关节炎患者的肌肉功能与功能性行为能力

屈伸膝肌群的肌肉功能在膝关节骨关节炎（ｋｎｅｅｏｓｔｅｏａｒｔｈｒｉｔｉｓ，ＯＡ）的病程中起重要作用。本文的目的在于了解ＯＡ的肌肉功能以及它与功能性行为能力之间的关系。随机抽样的２１例ＯＡ与对照组相比，其等速肌力参数明显减低。另外，ＯＡ在６０°／ｓ等速运动的伸膝肌力与功能性状态参数呈负线性相关，１８０°／ｓ等速运动的伸膝肌爆发力与２０ｍ行走时间呈明显负线性相关。     

肌内效贴结合玻璃酸钠注射治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效研究

目的：观察肌内效贴结合玻璃酸钠注射治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效。方法：选取100例在我科诊断为膝骨关节炎的患者，随机分为观察组和对照组，每组各50例患者。2组患者均在指导下进行仰卧位空蹬自行车练习和直腿抬高股四头肌肌力训练及膝关节腔注射玻璃酸钠治疗，观察组加用肌内效贴治疗。观察治疗前、治疗1、2、3及4周后各个时间点2组视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、美国西部 Ontario和 Mc Master大学骨关节炎指数评分量表(WOMAC)评分和膝关节被动活动度(PROM)的变化情况。结果：治疗1、2、3及4周后，2组患者的VAS及WOMAC评分均较治疗前明显降低（均P<0.05），PROM较治疗前明显提高（P<0.05）；在治疗1周后，观察组VAS评分明显低于对照组（均P<0.05）；治疗4周后，观察组WOMAC评分明显低于对照组，PROM明显高于对照组（均P<0.05）。其余各时间点，2组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论：肌内效贴可以更快地缓解疼痛，同时更好地改善膝关节活动度，从而改善患膝的功能，对膝骨关节炎的治疗具有积极作用。     

Association between radiographic joint space narrowing, function, pain and muscle power in severe osteoarthritis of the knee

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between radiographic classification of severe knee osteoarthritis and measurements of function, pain and power. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Specialist orthopaedic hospital. SUBJECTS: One hundred and twenty-three patients on the waiting list for elective knee arthroplasty. OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight-bearing antero-posterior radiographs scored for severity of osteoarthritis using the Kellgren and Lawrence scale. Function measured using the function subscale of the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) index, timed tests of walking speed and sit-to-stand. Pain measured using the pain subscale of the WOMAC index and a visual analogue scale. Extensor strength of the lower limb measured with the leg extensor power rig. RESULTS: Within any radiographic grade there was considerable variation in function: WOMAC function for patients with grade 2 mean 64 (47-86), grade 3 mean 47 (12-89) grade 4 mean 45 (2-92). There was poor correlation between radiographic score function, pain or muscle power, with no statistically significant associations. A wide range of scores was also seen within patients with the same radiographic grade. CONCLUSIONS: Radiographic score was not found to be closely associated with function. Amongst patients with the same radiographic score there was considerable variation in function, pain and power.     

Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis in Relation to Hamstring and Quadriceps Strength

[Purpose] To assess the effect of hamstring and quadriceps strengthening exercises on pain intensity, gait velocity, maximum isometric strength, and activities of daily living of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). [Subjects and Methods] A total of 20 patients with knee OA, 50 to 65 years of age (57.65 ± 4.78 years), received hot packs, strengthening exercises for the quadriceps and the hamstring muscles and stretching exercises for hamstring muscles. Outcome measures included: the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA index questionnaire (WOMAC) scores for assessing health status and health outcomes of knee OA; self-reported pain intensity scores, measured using a visual analogue scale; the 50 ft walk test (a measure of gait velocity and function); and handheld dynamometry (a tool used to measure maximum isometric strength of knee extension and flexion). [Results] There was a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention measures of pain intensity, 50 ft walk times, hamstring strength, and quadriceps strength. Significant differences in WOMAC measures were also observed in the subscales of pain, stiffness and physical function, as well as WOMAC total scores. [Conclusion] Strengthening the hamstring muscles in addition to strengthening the quadriceps muscles proved to be beneficial for perceived knee pain, range of motion, and decreasing the limitation of functional performance of patients with knee OA.Key words: Hamstring/quadriceps ratio, Knee pain, Osteoarthritis     

膝关节镜术后肌力强化训练对膝关节骨性关节炎患者膝关节功能的影响

目的 探讨膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)患者膝关节镜术后肌力强化训练的临床疗效,并分析其对膝关节功能的影响.方法 选择2018年12月至2020年12月于我院行膝关节镜手术治疗的86例KOA患者为研究对象,根据术后康复方案的不同将其分为对照组和观察组,每组43例.对照组术后进行常规康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上增加肌力强化训练.采用骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)评估表、Lysholm膝关节评估量表、TUGT测试时间、HSS膝关节功能分级评价两组的术后康复效果.结果 术后第1天及1个月,两组的WOMAC、Lysholm膝关节评分、TUGT时间及HSS膝关节功能分级比较,差异均不具有统计学意义(P>0.05).术后3、6个月,观察组的WOMAC评分明显低于对照组,Lysholm膝关节评分明显高于对照组,TUGT时间明显短于对照组,HSS膝关节功能分级均明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后3、6个月,观察组的复发率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 KOA患者膝关节镜术后康复阶段进行肌力强化训练,能够明显改善关节炎症状和步行能力,促进术后膝关节功能的恢复,是一种有效的康复方案.     

限弧等速肌力训练对于髌股关节炎髌骨轨迹的影响

目的:探讨不同限弧等速肌力训练对髌股关节炎患者髌骨轨迹的影响。方法:诊断为髌股关节炎患者60例,按接诊顺序分为A组(0°~30°)、B组(30°~60°)和C组(60°~90°)不同角度限弧运动训练组,每组各20例,采用德国ISOMED 2000等速肌力训练系统按分组对患者膝关节周围肌肉进行4周的限弧等速肌力训练。训练前、后拍摄膝关节负重正侧位及屈膝45°轴位片,测量髌骨轨迹参数(即髌股指数、外侧髌股角、髌骨合适角);记录每个膝关节的等速肌力测定值,即峰力矩(PT)、总功(TW)及平均功率(AP);采用西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)(包括疼痛、僵硬、日常功能)评定膝关节功能。结果:训练4周后,A组髌股指数、髌骨合适角较训练前明显降低,外侧髌股角较训练前明显提高(P<0.05);A、B、C组峰力矩PT、总功TW及平均功率AP值均较训练前明显提高(P<0.05);WOMAC评分比较,A组疼痛、日常功能评分较训练前明显降低(P<0.05)。训练后,髌骨轨迹参数比较:髌股指数、髌骨合适角A组明显低于B、C组(P<0.05),外侧髌股角明显高于B、C组(P<0005);等速肌力测定值比较:A组PT值明显高于B、C组(P<0.05);WOMAC评分比较:疼痛评分A组明显低于B、C组(P<0.05)。B组与C组间各评分差异无统计学意义。结论:膝关节屈曲范围0°~30°的股四头肌等速训练可有效改善髌股关节炎髌骨轨迹,提高膝关节功能。     

Lower limb muscle strengthening does not change frontal plane moments in women with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial

Background

Osteoarthritis is a common musculo-skeletal problem accompanied with muscle weakness. Muscle weakness may be readily improved by resistance training. Greater muscle strength has been associated with a lower knee joint loading rate.

Methods

We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial of 54 female patients with osteoarthritis in at least one knee, according to the American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria. Patients were randomized into a 6-month high intensity progressive resistance training or a sham-exercise program. The primary outcomes were first peak knee and hip adduction moment measured using three-dimensional gait analysis at self-selected habitual and maximal speeds. Secondary outcomes were sagittal plane knee and hip moments, peak muscle strength, gait speed, and self-reported knee osteoarthritis symptoms measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).

Findings

Six months of high intensity resistance training did not change the first peak knee or hip adduction moment at either habitual or maximum walking speeds (P > 0.413) compared to the sham-exercise. However, the second peak hip adduction moment (P = 0.025) and WOMAC pain score (P < 0.001) were reduced significantly in both groups over time, but there was no group effect. The changes in the second peak hip adduction moment were inversely related to the changes in the WOMAC pain score (r = − 0.394, P = 0.009).

Interpretations

Muscle strength training in women with osteoarthritis, while effective for reducing osteoarthritis symptoms, appeared to operate through mechanisms other than improved knee or hip joint loading, as paradoxically, improved symptoms were related to decreases of hip adduction moment in late stance.     

推拿结合等速肌力训练治疗膝关节骨性关节炎临床疗效研究

目的:观察推拿治疗结合等速肌力训练对膝关节骨性关节炎的治疗效果。方法:从膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)患者中随机选取60例作为观察对象,60例患者随机分为推拿结合等速治疗组(试验组)和单纯推拿治疗组(对照组)。分别将两组治疗前后的膝关节西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)、等速屈伸肌力测试对比分析。结果:两组治疗后膝关节WOMAC评分均较治疗前有显著改善(P0.01),其中推拿结合等速组膝关节WOMAC评分由(62.93±16.17)降为(26.20±12.68),改善较单纯推拿组更为显著(P0.01)。两组治疗干预前等速肌力测试各指标比较没有显著性差异。经过8周治疗后推拿加等速训练组膝关节伸肌峰力矩、峰力矩/体重、达峰时间、平均功率,膝关节屈肌峰力矩、达峰时间与本组治疗前比较明显改善,差异有显著性(P0.01);膝关节伸肌平均功率与本组治疗前比较有改善,差异有显著性(P0.05);推拿加等速训练组膝关节伸肌峰力矩、峰力矩/体重、达峰时间、膝关节屈肌达峰时间、屈肌/伸肌比单纯推拿组治疗后改善明显,差异有显著性(P0.05);推拿加等速训练组膝关节屈肌峰力矩与单纯推拿组治疗后比较提高明显,差异有显著性(P0.01)。结论:推拿结合等速肌力训练可以提高KOA患者膝关节屈伸肌肉力量,对于KOA的治疗具有良好的临床疗效,且明显优于单纯推拿治疗。     

Quadriceps strengthening exercises may not change pain and function in knee osteoarthritis

It is believed that Quadriceps strength training may reduce pain and improve functional activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). This improvement is generally attributed to an increase in quadriceps strength. This study investigated whether quadriceps muscle strength increases with decreasing pain, improving functional activity in knee OA. Twenty-four patients with knee OA participated in an 8-week treatment protocol including traditional physical therapy and strength training 3 sessions per week. Measurements were conducted before and after the intervention and included the peak torque of quadriceps muscle, pain by visual analogue scale (VAS), short Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and functional activity by the 2 minute walking test (2MWT) and time up & go test (TUGT). After the intervention, analysis of data illustrated that changes in quadriceps muscle strength correlated with changes in VAS (r² = 0.310, p = 0.005), WOMAC (r² < 0.278, p < 0.008) and 2MWT (r² < 0.275, p < 0.009) significantly, although the correlation slope was negligible. No correlation was found between muscle strength and TUGT. However, the strength training significantly improved quadriceps muscle strength (p = 0.013), pain and functional activity (p = 0.000). This study showed that reduction in pain and improvement in functional activity occurs independently from an increase in quadriceps muscle strength in knee OA. It seems that increased quadriceps muscle strength may not be a cause of improvement in pain and functional activity in knee OA.     

Comparison of therapeutic duration of therapeutic ultrasound in patients with knee osteoarthritis

[Purpose] The aim of study was to compare different durations of ultrasound in patients with knee osteoarthritis. [Subjects and Methods] One hundred patients diagnosed with bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group (G1) received 4 minutes of ultrasound. The second group (G2) received the exact same treatment, but the duration of ultrasound was longer at 8 minutes. Patients in both groups underwent a total of 10 ultrasound over 2 weeks. Following treatment, all patients provided self-evaluations of pain via the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), overall physical function with WOMAC, disability via the Lequesne index (Leq), and depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Index (BDI). [Results] There were no significant differences in VAS, WOMAC Leq, and BDI values between groups 1 and 2. After treatment, VAS, WOMAC, Leq, and BDI values improved for both treatment groups. However, following treatment, G2 had significantly greater values for WOMAC functional and total scores than G1. No statistically significant differences were observed for VAS scores while inactive, WOMAC pain and stiffness scores, and BDI values after treatment between both groups. VAS pain scores while active and Leq index values were significantly lower in G1 than G2. [Conclusion] Patients in both groups demonstrated improved functionality, pain and psychological status following a consistent, 2-week regimen of 4-minute or 8-minute treatments with ultrasound. Yet, patients that experienced longer treatment durations of 8 minutes demonstrated better outcomes in pain and the ability to carry out activities of daily living.Key words: Knee, Ultrasound, Osteoarthritis     

Short-term effectiveness of ultrasound therapy in knee osteoarthritis

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was designed to investigate the short-term efficacy of ultrasound therapy in 90 patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 received continuous ultrasound, group 2 received pulsed ultrasound, and group 3 received a 'sham' (placebo) ultrasound for 5 min each session. All treatments were applied once a day for 5 days a week for 2 weeks, i.e. a total treatment duration of 10 days. Compared with baseline, significant improvements were observed in the visual analogue scale pain scores and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scores in all three groups. The reductions in pain and WOMAC scores were significantly higher in patients treated with pulsed ultrasound than in the placebo group. In conclusion, pulsed ultrasound therapy is a safe and effective treatment modality in patients with knee OA. Further research is required to investigate the long-term efficacy of pulsed ultrasound therapy in knee OA.