高压氧结合神经节苷酯治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效

目的:探讨高压氧结合神经节苷酯治疗高血压脑出血微创血肿清除术后患者的临床疗效。方法:120例高血压脑出血微创血肿清除术后患者,随机分为高压氧组(44例)、神经节苷酯组(38例)及联合治疗组(38例),分别给予单纯高压氧治疗、单纯神经节苷脂治疗、高压氧联合神经节苷脂治疗。对各组患者治疗前及治疗14、28 d后的神经功能缺损程度分型、脑水肿体积及随访6月日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)恢复情况和临床疗效进行比较分析。结果:治疗14、28 d后,联合治疗组的总有效率高于高压氧组及神经节苷酯组(P0.05)。各组神经功能缺损程度分型及脑水肿体积均较治疗前改善(P0.05),联合治疗组优于高压氧及神经节苷酯组(P0.05)。联合治疗组随访6月ADL恢复情况明显优于高压氧及神经节苷酯组(P0.05)。结论:高压氧结合神经节苷酯治疗可显著提高高血压脑出血患者的临床疗效及预后。     

神经节苷脂辅助治疗对颅内血肿清除术后炎症反应的影响

目的探讨神经节苷脂辅助治疗对颅内血肿清除术后炎症反应的影响。方法选取30例颅内血肿患者为对照组,仅给予颅内血肿微创穿刺清除术。另选取30例颅内血肿患者为观察组,在颅内血肿清除术的基础上采用神经节苷脂辅助治疗。比较2组患者术后的炎症因子水平、神经功能恢复情况等。结果观察组术后28 d的血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)均显著低于对照组(P 0. 05)。观察组术后28 d的神经功能评分显著低于对照组(P 0. 05)。观察组的住院时间显著短于对照组,总有效率显著高于对照组(P 0. 05)。2组的并发症及药物相关不良反应无显著差异(P 0. 05)。结论神经节苷脂辅助治疗能够显著改善颅内血肿清除术患者的神经功能,可能与其调节神经营养、炎症因子水平有关。     

微创颅内血肿清除术联合依达拉奉治疗老年急性高血压性脑出血疗效分析

目的:探讨微创颅内血肿清除术联合依达拉奉治疗对老年急性高血压性脑出血患者血清炎症因子和神经功能恢复的影响。方法:老年急性高血压性基底核区脑出血患者45例随机分为对照组25例和观察组20例;对照组给予微创血肿清除术和常规治疗,观察组同时给予依达拉奉30mg静脉滴注,2次/天,共14d;治疗前及治疗后14、28d,检测并比较2组患者的血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平、中国脑卒中临床神经功能缺损程度评分量表(CSS)评分及临床有效率。结果:治疗前2组hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平及CSS评分差异无统计学意义;治疗后2组上述指标均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组改善较对照组明显(P<0.05),观察组临床有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:微创血肿清除术联合依达拉奉治疗能更好地清除老年急性高血压性脑出血患者血清炎症因子,改善神经功能恢复,疗效优于单独使用微创血肿清除术。     

颅内血肿微创清除术联合中药消瘀康治疗脑出血临床观察

目的:探讨高血压脑出血行颅内血肿微创清除术联合中药消瘀康治疗对患者愈后的影响。方法:将100例患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各50例,治疗组采用颅内血肿微创清除术联合加服中药消瘀康治疗,对照组采用颅内血肿微创清除术治疗,分别于治疗前及治疗3个月后行神经功能缺损评分。结果:治疗组总有效率84%,对照组总有效率80%,两组比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。治疗组神经功能缺损评分进步平均(14.6±8.80)分,高于对照组的(10.2±7.55)分(P0.05)。结论:颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血疗效可靠,加用中药消瘀康可以明显改善患者的生存质量。     

方体定向置管联合核磁共振弥散张量成像 微创血肿清除术治疗内囊血肿的临床研究

目的:观察方体定向置管联合核磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)微创血肿清除术对内囊外侧血肿治疗的临床疗效。方法:高血压脑出血患者90例随机分为内科保守组(内科保守治疗)、单纯微创组(在内科保守治疗基础上给予方体定向置管微创血肿清除术)、联合微创组(在内科保守治疗基础上给予方体定向置管联合DTI精确定位穿刺微创血肿清除术),各30例。比较术后5 d各组血肿大小。入院时及术后第5天进行DTI检查,比较各组出血侧内囊锥体束的微小各向异性(FA)值。比较各组入院时、术后第5天和第56天的改良美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表(m NIHSS)评分,比较术后第56天的改良Barthel指数(mBI)评分。结果:治疗前,3组的血肿大小、PT的FA值、神经功能缺损和日常生活能力差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,单纯微创组和联合微创组的血肿体积较保守治疗组显著减小、PT的FA值显著增高、神经功能缺损程度显著改善、日常生活能力显著提高(均P0.05),且联合微创组优于单纯微创组(均P0.05)。结论:方体定向置管联合DTI微创血肿清除术是治疗高血压脑出血的有效方法。     

带多个金属圆孔小布条定位法在微创颅内血肿清除术中的应用

目的:观察在应用微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压性脑出血时,应用带多个金属圆孔小布条定位法的临床疗效.方法:把65例应用微创颅内血肿清除术治疗的高血压性脑出血患者分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组(33例)采用自创带多个金属圆孔小布条定位法,对照组(32例)采用单纯CT片定位法.结果:治疗组穿中靶点者31例,对照组23例,治疗组优于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗后治疗组死亡9例,对照组12例,治疗组少于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗3个月后进行神经功能缺损评分:治疗组轻型¨例,对照组7例,治疗组优于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗组重型5例,对照组8例,治疗组少于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:在微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压性脑出血中采用带多个金属圆孔小布条定位法能提高穿中靶点命中率,有利于血肿清除,降低死亡率,减轻神经功能缺损.     

微创穿刺清除术在基底节区脑出血治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨微创穿刺血肿清除术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法选取行微创穿刺血肿清除术治疗的高血压基底节区脑出血患者61例作为观察组,选取同期行内科保守治疗的高血压基底节区脑出血患者47例作为对照组。比较两组患者神经功能恢复情况、血肿清除率、日常生活活动能力及死亡情况。结果微创穿刺清除术患者治疗3周后神经功能缺损评分、血肿清除率及治疗后3个月的日常生活活动能力恢复情况均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。微创穿刺清除术患者的病死率略低于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论微创穿刺引流术治疗基底节区脑出血手术创伤小、血肿清除率高,有利于患者神经功能缺损的恢复。     

微创颅内血肿清除术对高血压性脑出血患者血肿周围水肿及血清炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨微创颅内血肿清除术对高血压性脑出血患者血肿周围水肿及血清炎性因子的影响。方法:将69例急性高血压性脑出血患者随机分为微创组35例和对照组34例,2组患者均给予常规治疗,微创组还进行微创颅内血肿清除术,检测2组治疗前及治疗后7、14d血清炎性因子的变化,同时行头颅CT检查,观察并计算血肿及周围水肿体积,并进行神经功能缺损评分。结果:治疗后7、14d,微创组的血肿及周围水肿体积,血清hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α含量组,神经功能缺损评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:微创颅内血肿清除术可有效降低高血压性脑出血患者急性期炎性因子水平,减轻血肿周围水肿。     

高血压脑出血急性期微创颅内血肿清除术与去骨瓣减压血肿清除术的临床疗效对比

目的:观察微创颅内血肿清除术与去骨瓣减压血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法:纳入高血压脑出血患者90例,微创颅内血肿清除术治疗45例(微创组),去骨瓣减压血肿清除术治疗45例(开颅组),对2组的手术时间、术中出血量、神经功能和个人生活能力恢复情况、并发症、临床疗效、住院时间、住院费用等进行回顾性分析比较。结果:微创组手术时间和术中出血量明显低于开颅组(P0.05);微创组美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)和Barthel指数(BI)评分均较开颅组改善更显著(P0.05);微创组并发症发生率、住院时间和住院费用均明显低于开颅组(P0.05);微创组临床总有效率明显高于开颅组(P0.05)。结论:微创颅内血肿清除术能及时清除血肿,手术时间、术中出血量和并发症较少,恢复快,住院时间短,医疗费较少,临床疗效较好。     

神经内镜下血肿清除术与微创血肿清除术 治疗高血压脑基底核出血的疗效和安全性比较

目的:探讨神经内镜下血肿清除术与微创血肿清除术治疗高血压脑基底核出血的疗效和安全性比较。方法:高血压基底核区脑出血患者78例随机分为内镜组(神经内镜下血肿清除术)和微创组(微创穿刺引流术)各39例。比较2组的血肿清除率,术后再出血率;于术前及术后6个月,采用中国脑卒中临床神经功能缺损程度评分量表(CSS)评分评估神经功能缺损程度;术后6个月,采用日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分评定日常生活活动能力。结果:内镜组治疗后的血肿清除率高于微创组(P0.05);内镜组术后再出血率低于微创组(P0.05)。治疗前,2组的CSS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗6个月后,内镜组的CSS评分为低于微创组(P0.05)。内镜组治疗后6个月ADL评分高于微创组(P0.05)。结论:神经内镜下血肿清除术比微创血肿清除术疗效更好,安全性更高。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.