无锡市滨湖区肢体残疾人康复服务需求的调查研究

目的:探索不同境况下的肢体残疾人的需求差异,为制定康复服务政策提供客观依据。方法:针对肢体残疾人康复需求大样本流行病学调查研究。通过在无锡市滨湖区进行现况调查,采用横断面调查获取滨湖区9个街道(镇)肢体残疾人的调查问卷2831份,描述肢体残疾人的康复及相关需求。结果:2015年无锡市滨湖区肢体残疾人中男性占62.5%,女性占37.5%,但不同性别中康复服务需求率相仿,分别为33.6%、33.17%。残疾等级以二级和三级居多,康复服务需求率在一级、二级中需求率较高,分别为43.17%和45.14%。虽然青少年儿童肢体残疾人并不多,但其中有康复需求的人群占到了该人群的70.37%。婚姻状况中未婚肢体残疾人占绝大多数,而离异肢体残疾人的康复服务需求率最高,达40.85%。就业肢体残疾人的康复服务需求率明显低于未就业肢体残疾人。而过去1年获得过康复服务的依然有较高的康复服务需求率。功能训练依旧是滨湖区肢体残疾人的主要康复服务需求,同时辅具器具的需求量较大。结论:在肢体残疾人康复服务需求摸底与政策制定时可考虑适当倾斜儿童青少年、有婚姻经历、未就业、重残或过去曾有康复服务需求的残疾人群。通过健全机制,扩大部门合作和社会联动,加强残疾预防和健康教育,使更多肢体残疾人享受到适宜的康复服务。     

广东省不同等级残疾人的康复需求分析

目的分析不同残疾等级残疾人的康复需求状况,为制定合理的康复与社会辅助对策提供依据。方法对广东省第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中不同残疾类型不同残疾等级人士间的康复需求分项目进行等级资料分析。结果不同等级视力、听力、肢体、智力残疾人间康复需求的构成差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而不同等级言语、精神残疾人间康复需求的构成差别没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论残疾程度越重对医疗服务与救助的需求越高,而对其他康复需求较低甚至没有。     

成年残疾人康复需求与康复服务发展研究

目的研究成年残疾人的残疾状况、主要康复需求特征、康复服务发展状况及其影响因素。方法以2019年度省级2315498名成年残疾人实名制数据为样本,运用多重响应分析统计成年残疾人的残疾状况,分析其康复需求特征和康复服务发展状况;Logistic回归分析影响康复需求与康复服务的相关因素。结果省级成年残疾人的残疾分布从高到低分别为肢体残疾(62.2%)、视力残疾(9.9%)、智力残疾(8.4%)、精神残疾(7.3%)、听力残疾(6.9%)、多重残疾(2.8%)和言语残疾(2.5%)。成年残疾人报告康复需求从高到低分别为辅助器具需求(49.0%)、药物需求(33.3%)、护理需求(27.7%)、功能训练需求(20.2%)和手术需求(1.9%)。成年残疾人报告获得康复服务从高到低分别为辅助器具服务(44.1%)、护理服务(26.6%)、药物服务(25.9%)、功能训练服务(22.2%)和手术服务(1.3%)。Logistic回归显示残疾类别和残疾等级对成年残疾人报告康复需求和康复服务的概率有非常显著影响(P<0.001)。结论残疾人功能状态影响到其康复需求报告,康复需求与康复服务之间仍然存在结构性差异,为提升精准康复服水平,应根据ICF关于功能、残疾和健康分类的理论模式和方法,制定针对特定残疾类别的康复需求报告方法并开发精准的个别化的康复服务项目。     

上海市闸北区残疾人康复服务需求影响因素的多元分析

目的 分析上海市闸北区残疾人康复服务需求的影响因素,为优化残疾人康复服务资源配置及其他政策制定提供依据.方法 将残疾类别、残疾等级、文化程度、就业情况、婚姻状况、年龄和性别纳入Logistic回归模型进行分析.结果 基本康复服务需求的影响因素分别是残疾类别、学历、就业情况、婚姻状况和性别,女性、听力、离退类残疾人基本服务需求意愿较高,相对于对照的 OR值依次为1.219、1.544和1.533,学历层次越低需求越高;特殊康复服务需求的影响因素分别是残疾类别和就业情况,视力和无业残疾人特殊康复需求意愿较高,相对于对照的 OR值分别为2.380和1.310.结论 不同残疾人群对不同类别的服务需求不同,在开展基本残疾人康复服务时应重点考虑残疾类别、文化程度、就业情况、婚姻状况和性别等因素,而在开展特殊残疾人康复服务时应重点考虑残疾类别和就业情况.     

肢体残疾人康复需求与康复服务发展状况Logistic回归分析研究

目的研究肢体残疾人的康复需求特点和康复服务发展状况。方法以1512438名肢体残疾人康复需求和康复服务实名制数据为样本,对肢体残疾人康复需求特点、康复服务发展及其影响因素进行分析。结果在肢体残疾人报告的康复需求中,从高至低依次为辅助器具55.9%、护理27.0%、药物26.3%、功能训练23.9%和手术2.3%。在肢体残疾人报告获得的康复服务中,从高至低依次为辅助器具48.2%、护理26.4%、功能训练24.3%、药物19.5%和手术1.4%。Logistic回归结果发现年龄和残疾等级对肢体残疾人的康复需求与康复服务报告率有显著影响(P<0.001)。结论肢体残疾人的康复需求主要集中于辅助器具、护理、药物和康复训练领域。所获得的康复服务主要在辅助器具、护理和功能训练领域。提高肢体残疾的康复服务的可及性仍是未来发展的重点。根据ICF功能理论,推广个别化的精准康复服务是提升康复服务质量的重要措施。     

听力残疾人康复需求与康复服务发展状况Logistic回归分析研究

目的研究听力残疾人的康复需求特点和康复服务发展状况。方法使用2019年219473名省级听力残疾人实名制数据作为研究总样本,多重响应分析康复需求特点和康复服务发展状况,Logistic回归分析相关影响因素。结果共47657名听力残疾人报告康复需求(21.7%),从高至低分别为辅助器具65.5%、药物22.7%,护理19.1%,功能训练16.2%和手术2.2%。共34684名听力残疾人报告接受康复服务(15.8%),从高至低分别为辅助器具59.8%、药物22.5%、功能训练19.7%,护理19.4%和手术1.8%。Logistic回归模型显示,年龄、户口性质和残疾等级对听力残疾人报告康复需求和获得康复服务有显著影响(P<0.001)。结论听力残疾人康复需求主要集中于听力辅助器具、药物和康复训练。获得的相关服务与康复需求结构上匹配度高。运用现代科技,发展听力残疾相关的康复服务,以进一步提高听力残疾人的康复服务的可及性和服务质量。     

广东省残疾人社会参与状况与康复需求的关系

目的对广东省各类残疾人的社会参与状况与康复需求的调查数据进行分析,探讨各类残疾人不同程度社会参与状况与康复需求的关系,并提出相应的康复对策。 方法采用广东省第2次全国残疾人抽样调查中残疾人社会参与评定的分项目,以及个人主要需求的调查数据进行等级资料比较的统计处理。 结果听力、视力、肢体、智力残疾人不同社会参与状况在本人主要需求上的构成比差异有统计学意义,而言语、精神残疾人不同社会参与状况在本人主要需求的构成比差异无统计学意义。各类残疾人不同社会参与状况相对应的康复需求以医疗服务及救助、辅助器具配送和康复功能训练及服务为主。 结论各类残疾人不同社会参与状况与康复需求的差异不尽相同,主要集中在医疗服务及救助、辅助器具配送和康复功能训练及服务等基本医疗和社会的需求方面,可为采取相应的康复对策提供依据。     

广州市281例肢体残疾者辅助器具适配情况分析

目的分析辅助器具适配在肢体残疾者中的情况。方法比较已参加辅助器具适配的281例不同等级肢体残疾者对辅助器具的需求情况。结果281例肢体残疾人对辅助器具总的需求率为74.73%。残疾程度越重的肢体残疾者对辅助器具的需求越大（P〈0.001）。结论开展辅助器具适配服务，可以了解发现残疾人对辅助器具的需求，并及时提供辅助器具。     

视力残疾人康复需求和康复服务发展状况Logistic回归分析研究

目的研究视力残疾人的康复需求特点和康复服务发展状况。方法研究样本为2018年度241865名视力残疾人省级康复需求与康复服务实名制数据,统计分析视力残疾人康复需求特征和康复服务发展状况及其相关因素。结果共有50882人报告康复需求(21.0%),从高至低依次为辅助器具56.5%、药物29.0%、护理24.6%、功能训练15.5%和手术4.2%。共有43492人报告获得康复服务(18.0%),从高至低依次为辅助器具55.0%、药物21.6%、护理20.8%、功能训练20.7%和手术2.3%。Logistic回归模型显示,残疾等级对视力残疾人报告康复需求和接受康复服务均有显著影响(P<0.001)。结论视力残疾人报告康复需求主要集中于视力辅助器具、药物和护理三个方面。获得的康复服务与其报告的康复需求结构一致。为视力残疾人提供信息无障碍环境支持是非常重要的康复服务,需要采用现代信息和通讯技术,提升视力残疾人获取信息的能力,以提升其社会参与水平。     

中国残疾人康复需求与发展研究

目的研究中国残疾人的主要康复需求和康复服务发展状况。方法对第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中康复需求与发展状况的数据进行统计分析,并就2006年至2016年中国残疾人事业发展统计公报有关康复的数据进行分析研究。结果我国残疾人的康复需求主要包括:医疗服务与救助、辅助器具、康复训练与服务、贫困残疾人救助、无障碍设施、信息无障碍和其他康复需求。需求最高的是医疗服务与救助(34.84%)和贫困残疾人救助(33.25%)。不同残疾类别残疾人在康复需求上存在非常显著性差异(χ~2=40322.1,P0.01)。在我国各类残疾中,有约41.46%的残疾人未曾接受过任何服务和救助,接受最多的服务是医疗服务与救助(30.45%),接受最少的是信息无障碍(0.55%)。专家为各类残疾人提供的康复形式建议主要集中在机构康复和社区与家庭服务;专家建议医疗服务作为精神残疾类(68.18%)和视力残疾类(60.28%)的主要康复内容,辅助器具作为听力残疾类(51.67%)的主要康复内容,康复训练与服务作为智力残疾类(57.36%)和言语残疾类(47.06%)的主要康复内容。不同残疾类别残疾人在专家为其提供的康复形式和康复内容上存在非常显著性差异(χ~2=12489.9,χ~2=52528.93,P0.01)。结论中国残疾人的康复需求主要表现为医疗服务与救助、辅助器具、康复训练与服务和贫困残疾人救助,不同类别残疾人康复需求存在差异;残疾人接受最多的是医疗服务与救助;中国残疾人得到的贫困残疾人救助与其需求差距最大;专家为不同类别残疾人建议的康复形式和康复内容存在差异。建议构建国家和地方康复政策支持体系和康复服务治理架构;以残疾人的康复需求为导向,提供精准康复服务;建立综合性康复服务体系,实现人人享有基本康复服务的目标;大力培养专业康复人员,提升康复服务提供能力和水平;运用《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》开展康复科学研究,为促进康复事业发展提供科学支持。     

上海城区残疾人康复需求与服务现状分析

目的了解上海城区残疾人康复服务需求与服务现状。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法随机抽取上海市闸北区芷江街道,用问卷调查方式对该街道1074名持证残疾人的康复服务需求与服务利用现状进行调查。结果城区残疾人康复服务需求实现率为87.8%,90%的残疾人满意所获得的康复服务;33.3%-44.0%的残疾人其“辅助器具”服务需求得到实现;手术治疗、听力语言训练和视功能训练需求实现率分别为63.8%、82.2%和78.7%。结论应构建残疾人康复救助政策体系,加大辅助器具服务工作力度,加大对手术治疗、听力语言训练和视功能训练等服务的专业技术支撑。     

上海郊县残疾人康复需求与服务现状分析

目的了解上海郊县残疾人康复需求及服务现状。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取崇明县新河镇,用问卷调查方式对该镇1128名持证残疾人进行康复服务需求与服务利用现状进行调查。结果郊县残疾人康复服务需求实现率为81.3%,但不同需求的实现率间差异较大;康复支付形式仍以“全额自付”为主,“医疗救助”程度较低;残疾人辅助器具相关服务需求实现率仅约4%。结论应拓展康复服务救助水平,进一步提高康复需求实现率,平衡发展残疾人康复服务,同步提高各类康复需求实现率,加强残疾人辅助器具供应、使用与维修服务的全程管理,满足残疾人的康复需求。     

Lucy Montoro Rehabilitation Network mobile unit: an alternative public healthcare policy

Purpose: The aim is to analyze rehabilitation services provided by a mobile rehabilitation clinic (MU) in nine regions of the State of São Paulo, demonstrating the distribution of orthoses, prostheses and other mobility aids for persons with physical disabilities according to age groups and impairments, as well as the number of persons with physical disabilities as estimated by Brazilian official data sources. Method: The number of persons with disabilities in each region was obtained through estimations from the 2010 Brazilian IBGE Census. The number of assistive technologies suppliers and technicians were provided by the Brazilian Technical Orthopedics Association (ABOTEC). Patients were referred to the MU by Regional Health Departments. After examination of a multidisciplinary team, assistive devices are prescribed and delivered according to patients' needs. Data on patients were also assessed according to questionnaires on their age, diagnosis, gender, marital status and education level. Results: From 2009 to 2011, the MU went through 15?000 km providing rehabilitation services through the Public Health System to 1801 patients. Additionally, 3328 devices were delivered in this period. Different age, diagnosis, gender, marital status and schooling profiles are highlighted in each of the analyzed regions. Conclusion: Data on patients' profiles were made available through services provided by the MU – including the average index of 1.85 devices delivered to each patient and demand projections – which can be used in the planning of public policies. The MU made rehabilitation services more accessible, trained professionals, raised awareness on the correct delivery and use of assistive devices, and identified and organized people's demand in each region.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Delivering prostheses, orthoses and other mobility aids fulfills the rights of persons with disabilities to personal mobility with the greatest possible independence, as foreseen by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, increasing their participation in society on an equal basis with others.

• The direct impact of actively reaching out into the community to provide quality rehabilitation services and assistive devices increases the level of access of persons with disabilities to health services and equalizes opportunities.

• Outreach initiatives to deliver rehabilitation services in the community must include a capacity-building component. Building the capacities of local practitioners and health personnel will further empower both these professionals and persons with disabilities, diminishing attitudinal barriers.

• Reaching out into the community allows gathering data on the prevalence of health conditions, local need and demand for assistive devices and rehabilitation services, and informs decision-making.

     

Use of technology by people with physical disabilities in Australia

Purpose: This study aimed to quantify the extent to which computers and assistive devices were being used by people with physical disabilities and the levels of computer training being undertaken by this group. Method: With the help of Queensland disability associations a written survey was distributed to people over 15 years in age with physical disabilities living in the greater Brisbane metropolitan area. Responses were received from 82 people (comprising spinal cord injuries (n= 71), cerebral palsy (n=8), muscular dystrophy (n= 3)). Results: Indicate that 60% of respondents were computer users, while only 15 respondents used assistive devices. Computer ability was correlated to age and time of disability onset. Respondents with quadriplegia had higher levels of computer ability than those with paraplegia. The study indicates that while many people with disabilities have used computers and assistive devices, many have not. Conclusions: The low rate of assistive device use by people with high-level quadriplegia is of concern. This study suggests that increased levels of training in the use of computers and assistive devices needs to be provided to people with physical disabilities.     

Use of technology by people with physical disabilities in Australia

Purpose: This study aimed to quantify the extent to which computers and assistive devices were being used by people with physical disabilities and the levels of computer training being undertaken by this group. Method: With the help of Queensland disability associations a written survey was distributed to people over 15 years in age with physical disabilities living in the greater Brisbane metropolitan area. Responses were received from 82 people (comprising spinal cord injuries (n= 71), cerebral palsy (n=8), muscular dystrophy (n= 3)). Results: Indicate that 60% of respondents were computer users, while only 15 respondents used assistive devices. Computer ability was correlated to age and time of disability onset. Respondents with quadriplegia had higher levels of computer ability than those with paraplegia. The study indicates that while many people with disabilities have used computers and assistive devices, many have not. Conclusions: The low rate of assistive device use by people with high-level quadriplegia is of concern. This study suggests that increased levels of training in the use of computers and assistive devices needs to be provided to people with physical disabilities.     

论辅助器具与残疾人的关系

作者从残疾人的身体、生活、康复过程、状况、适用性等方面，举例简述辅助器具与残疾人的关系，说明残疾人配置辅助器具的重要性。     

Changes in impairment level, functional status, and use of assistive devices by older people with depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to understand how functional status, impairment level, and use of assistive devices change over 3 years for older adults with depressive symptoms. We further explored factors that predict change in severity of depressive symptoms. METHOD: This study used data from the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Aging Consumer Assessment Study, a longitudinal study of coping strategies of elders with disabilities. Seventy-three participants with depressive symptoms were interviewed at baseline and 3 years later. RESULTS: During 3 years, participants experienced increased physical disability (p = .001), a decline in severity of depressive symptoms (p = .03), and an increase in the total number of assistive devices owned. CONCLUSION: A significant number of older adults will experience a decrease in depressive symptoms over 3 years, despite an increase in physical disability. They also will obtain more assistive devices as they age.