卵巢黏液瘤超声表现1例

患者女,45岁。已婚,因无明显诱因出现下腹部胀痛6d而入院。妇检下腹部偏右可扪及大小约11cm×11cm×6cm的质中包块,表面光滑无结节,活动度尚可,无明显压痛。腹盆腔CT扫描提示:1.右侧卵巢混合性占位-卵巢囊腺癌可能性大?2.腹盆腔积液。超声表现:子宫前位,左侧卵巢大小约2.8cm×2     

前列腺囊肿1例

病例男,33岁。双侧腰部疼痛2月余,加重2周。排尿无力、不畅、便后滴沥,偶见肉眼血尿,不伴血精,性生活质量下降。既往有肺结核史。B超诊断:右侧精囊囊肿。直肠指诊:前列腺右上方触及一4cm×3cm大小肿块,光滑、质硬、有压痛。结核抗体实验:阴性。胸部平片:右上肺结核。静脉肾盂尿路造影及输精管、精囊造影正常。盆腔CT平扫:前列腺中央处见一大小约2.7cm×2.1cm的囊状低密度影,边界清晰、密度均匀,CT值0Hu。该影向后延伸至两侧精囊之间,与精囊界线清晰。输精管、精囊造影术后盆腔平扫:前列腺内囊状低密度影与CT平扫所见一致,其内未见造影剂…     

盆腔脾种植经阴道超声表现1例

患者女,39岁.因月经紊乱9个月,入院诊治时发现盆腔包块.8年前车祸致左肱骨骨折,脾破裂行脾切除术.妇科检查:外阴正常,阴道畅,宫颈Ⅰ度糜烂,宫体后位,如孕50 d大小,于左侧附件区扪及约6 cm×4 cm包块,质韧,活动度欠佳,无压痛,右附件区未及包块.卵巢肿瘤标志物检查无异常.经阴道超声检查:后位子宫,前壁见一低回声团块,大小约1.2cm×0.9cm,内膜不厚.双侧卵巢可见,未见明显异常,于左侧卵巢外上方可见一大小约5.6 cm×2.6 cm的实性低回声团块,形态不规则,内回声尚均质(图1),盆腔后壁见多个大小不等的实性低回声结节,部分相互融合,最大者2.3 cm×2.1cm,彩色多普勒血流显像显示上述结节血流信号极为丰富(图2),阻力指数0.55.超声诊断:①子宫肌瘤;②左侧附件区、盆腔后壁多发实性低回声结节,建议进一步检查;③双侧卵巢未见异常.CT平扫:左侧附件区及盆腔内膀胱右后方见结节状软组织密度影,CT值40 HU,增强后肿块呈明显均匀性强化,CT值73 HU.CT诊断:左侧附件区及膀胱右后方多发占位,不除外转移性病变.     

原发性输尿管肉瘤样癌1例

正患者男性,79岁。体检发现左侧输尿管盆腔段占位并肾积水。患者无肉眼血尿,无尿频、尿急、尿痛,双肾区及输尿管走行区无隆起、压痛及叩击痛。查尿常规:潜血()。B超示左肾重度积水,输尿管盆腔段梗阻可能。CT检查示左侧输尿管盆腔段管壁增厚,并见一软组织肿块影(图1),最大截面约2.1 cm×1.6 cm,病灶平扫CT值20Hu,增强扫描后明显强化,各期CT值分别为47Hu、86Hu、79Hu、71Hu;病灶周围脂肪间隙模糊,左肾盂及左侧输尿管全程扩张,左侧肾     

原发性睾丸T细胞淋巴瘤1例

患者男,64岁,因"左侧睾丸进行性肿大伴坠胀感20天"入院.查体:左侧睾丸肿大,可触及不规则包块,直径约5.0 cm×4.0 cm,质硬,无触痛,边界不清,固定;全身浅表淋巴结未及肿大,余未见异常.实验室检查均未见异常.CT:左侧睾丸肿大,呈不规则团块影,最大径约4.0 cm×2.5 cm;平扫呈等低混杂密度,CT值约35 HU;增强后呈不均匀强化,CT值约为70 HU,边界不清,邻近左侧精索静脉增粗、扭曲(图1～3).诊断:左侧睾丸占位性病变,考虑恶性肿瘤性病变.胸、腹部CT未见其他异常,后腹膜及盆腔未见增多、肿大淋巴结.     

盆腔髓脂肪瘤1例

患者男,75岁,体检发现盆腔肿物1天,无明显临床症状。查体及实验室检查未见明显异常。腹部CT:盆腔左侧见72 mm×92 mm×90 mm脂肪密度影,略呈分叶状,边界清楚,其内见云絮状、斑片状软组织密度影,CT值-82~13 HU;增强后软组织密度部分轻度强化(图1A)。腹部MRI:盆腔左侧见75 mm×94 mm×88 mm短T1长T2混杂信号,脂肪抑制T1WI肿物信号明显减低;增强后软组织成分轻度强化,脂肪成分未见明显强化(图1B-C)。行剖腹探查+盆腔肿物切除术,术中见盆腔左侧8 cm×5 cm×5 cm肿物,略呈分叶状,边界欠清,质地硬,活动度欠佳,包膜完整,与周围组织无粘连。术后病理:光镜下见较多成熟脂肪细胞,骨髓造血样组织相间,可见骨髓三系造血细胞(图2)。病理诊断:盆腔髓脂肪瘤。     

CT诊断前列腺肉瘤1例

患者男 ,39岁 ,主因排尿困难 3天入院。查体 :心肺正常。肛诊 :前列腺Ⅳ°增大 ,中央沟消失 ,质中等硬度 ,左叶可触及一大小约 0 .6cm× 0 .8cm的硬结节 ,表面较光滑 ,位置固定 ,与周围界限不清 ,无触痛。CT发现 :前列腺大小约为 6 .0cm× 7.0cm ,于前列腺左叶可见一大小约 4 .0cm× 4 .0cm的类圆形低密度影 ,其内密度均匀 ,CT值约 15 .7Hu ,边界较清晰 ,注射 35 0mgI/ml欧乃派克 5 0ml后扫描 ,病灶无强化 ,左侧膀胱精囊腺体积增大 ,膀胱精囊角消失 ,膀胱后壁局部增厚(图 1,2 )。电切镜下手术后病理证实为前列腺平滑肌肉瘤。　　讨论　前…     

左侧卵巢静脉曲张1例

患者女,74岁,反复左下腹部疼痛2个月.询问病史该患者人工流产2次,生育5个子女,曾行双侧输卵管结扎术.经阴道超声提示子宫及双侧卵巢萎缩.在我院行下腹部增强单层螺旋CT扫描:在盆腔子宫体、底两侧及左侧阔韧带区域可见数条扭曲的静脉沿髂内静脉、左侧腰大肌及输尿管前上行,未见腹水.诊断:左侧卵巢静脉曲张.继而行下腹部16层螺旋CT扫描并经多层面重建CTA技术显示上述病变.     

近端型上皮样肉瘤1例

患者男,44岁,偶然发现左下腹包块半个月,近期无发热及感染病史。查体:左下腹触及3cm×2cm肿块,质韧,不活动,无触痛,局部无红肿。无其他症状及阳性体征,常规肿瘤标志物均阴性。盆腔CT:主动脉分叉水平以下左侧腰大肌前内缘见不规则长条状软组织影,沿腰大肌走行,向下延续至腹股沟     

膀胱原发性B细胞恶性淋巴瘤1例

患者女,80岁,因"排尿不畅伴下腹部酸胀不适2月余"就诊.患者自发病以来无尿频、尿急、尿痛,无明显肉眼血尿,无肾区叩击痛.实验室检查:潜血(++++).CT:膀胱前壁见一类圆形软组织密度影,边缘光整,大小约3.0 cm×4.0 cm×2.5 cm,密度均匀(图1),增强后呈明显均匀性强化(图2),后腹膜、盆腔及腹股沟未见明显肿大淋巴结,考虑膀胱占位.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.