超声断层显像与常规二维超声进行胎儿心脏筛查的比较研究

目的 比较超声断层显像(TUI)技术与常规二维超声进行胎儿心脏筛查的图像显示合格率和图像质量,分析TUI进行胎儿心脏筛查的可行性.方法 110例中孕期正常胎儿,利用时空关联成像(STIC)技术,一次性扫描获得整个心脏的容积数据,然后脱机分析,采用TUI法,调整层距、中心层位置后,分别在灰阶模式下及彩色多普勒血流模式下,重现胎儿心脏筛查所需要的四腔心切面,左、右室流出道切面和三血管切面.按事先确定的评分标准,分别对TUI重现图像及常规二维超声所获得切面进行评分比较,并统计图像显示合格率.结果 纳入研究的110例正常胎儿心脏中,在胎位相同的条件下,TUI法重现的四腔心切面,左、右室流出道切面及三血管切面灰阶图的显示率分别为100%、88.9%、80.0%、84.4%,常规二维超声显示率分别为100%、86.2%、50.0%、100%.TUI法重现各切面(灰阶图和血流图)的显示率与常规二维超声各相应切面的显示率比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).图像质量评分显示,仅在灰阶图中四腔心切面筛查图像评分低于TUI法,常规二维超声中右室流出道切面评分高于TUI法(P＜0.05),其余各切面比较差异均无统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 TUI法重现的各切面基本能够达到与直接获得的二维切面相同的合格率和图像质量,可以满足中孕期胎儿心脏筛查离线分析的需要.     

初学者应用超声断层成像技术显示胎儿心脏结构的探索

目的探索超声断层成像（TUI）技术能否提高初学产科超声操作医师对胎儿心脏结构的显示率,了解该技术在胎儿心脏检查中的临床应用价值。方法先由一名熟练的产科超声医师（a）应用二维超声对200例正常中孕期胎儿的心脏进行检查并存储图像;再由一名初学产科超声的医师（b）应用时空关联成像（STIC）技术获取胎儿心脏的容积数据,然后应用TUI程序获得心脏检查各切面并保存;最后由一名超声医师（c）将同一胎儿心脏的二维图像与TUI重现的心脏各切面进行对比并根据切面图像的质量及诊断价值进行评分。结果200例正常胎儿心脏超声检查中,185例获得满意的容积数据。应用TUI技术能够获得胎儿心脏检查所需的切面,获取四腔心、左心室流出道、右心室流出道、三血管及胃泡切面的显示率分别为100．O％、92．2％、87．8％、98．9％及100．0％。TUI法获取各切面与常规二维切面的显示率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,符合产前超声检查的质量要求。结论TUI技术是一种简单易学的胎儿心脏结构超声显示方法,初学者应用该技术能够显示胎儿心脏超声检查的常用切面,该技术降低了培训超声医师检查胎儿心脏的难度,有利于超声检查胎儿心脏的推广应用。     

断层超声显像技术联合时间空间相关成像技术在胎儿心脏筛查中的初步应用

目的 探讨断层超声显像(TUI)技术和时间空间相关成像技术在胎儿心脏筛查中的应用价值.方法 采用时间空间相关成像技术采集60例孕龄19～34周正常胎儿心脏容积图像,再应用断层超声显像技术脱机进行分析,再现四腔心、左室流出道、右室流出道和三血管气管切面.结果 所有60例胎儿均获得了满意的TUI图像,其中51例可直接获得上述4个筛查切面,9例需沿Y轴稍微旋转图像.结论 断层超声显像和时间空间相关成像技术可应用于胎儿心脏筛查,可降低胎儿心脏筛查的难度.     

四维时空关联成像技术在20孕周前胎儿心脏检查中应用的可行性

目的 探索四维时空关联成像技术(STIC)在20孕周前胎儿心脏检查中应用的可行性.方法 选取2010年6月至 2011年7月在厦门大学附属第一医院杏林分院超声科经二维胎儿超声心动图检查,胎儿心脏结构未见明显异常的孕20周前孕妇90例,按其孕周分为孕14+0 ～ 15+6周、孕16+0 ～17+6周、孕18+0 ～19+6周3组,每组各30例.均先行二维超声心动图检查,然后启动四维超声扫描模式,以四腔心为采集初始平面,获取胎儿容积信息,采集角度为25°～30°.获取胎儿心脏容积数据后,进行脱机分析,使用多平面重建模式(MP)和断层显像模式(TUI)旋转获得美国超声心动图学会(ASE)提出的评价胎儿心脏的9个切面.各组所获图像与其在孕22+0 ～ 26+6周常规筛查时所获心脏图像进行Kappa检验.结果 各组20孕周前与其在孕22+0 ～ 26+6周后常规筛查时所获胎儿心脏切面图像质量等级经Kappa检验提示:在孕14+0～15+6周组仅2个切面满意(Kappa值0.55 ～ 0.59),1个切面很差(Kappa值0.18),余切面均不佳(Kappa值0.20 ～ 0.39);孕16+0～17+6周组3个切面尚可(Kappa值0.40～0.55),余切面满意或一致(Kappa值0.70～0.87);孕18+0～19+6周组9个切面一致(Kappa值0.86～0.94).在孕16+0～17+6 周组,胎儿心脏各切面显示情况与其在孕22+0 ～ 26+6周后一致,已完全能够清晰显示正常结构.结论 将四维STIC技术用于20孕周前胎儿产前检查可将胎儿心脏超声检查时间提前至孕16周,以更早显示胎儿心脏结构,并发现异常.     

胎儿实时三维(四维)超声心动图的初步临床应用

目的 以胎儿四腔心容积为基础,通过后处理,与二维超声比较,探讨胎儿四维超声心动图在显示正常胎儿心脏和先天性心脏畸形胎儿中的临床应用。方法 对108例孕妇行胎儿心脏四维超声检查,其中84例心脏正常、24例先天心脏畸形。显示胎儿四腔心切面后启动四维容积扫查获得心脏灰阶容积和彩色多普勒血流容积,将图像储存后进行后处理。获取容积与后处理由同一医师完成。利用上述容积显示如下结构：四腔心（4C）、左心室流出道（LVOT）、右心室流出道（RVOT）、三血管气管（3VT）、二尖瓣（MV）、三尖瓣（TV）、主动脉（AO）、肺动脉（MPA）、主动脉弓（ARCH）、动脉导管（DA）。比较正常胎儿孕周≥28周和<28周胎儿在不同四腔心初始位置下对同一结构显示率的差异。所有四维超声心动图的诊断结果与二维超声比较,其中11例先天心脏畸形经产后解剖或生后超声心动图证实。结果 108例胎儿均获得心脏四维容积数据（100%）。每个对象扫查时间（7.53±2.37）min,5 s/容积。四腔心与房室瓣显示率100%。除主动脉弓外,心脏正常胎儿孕周≥28周对上述心脏结构的显示率高于＜28周胎儿（P＜0.05）;除三血管气管切面外,心脏初始位置为心尖四腔心时对上述切面的显示率高于横位四腔心和心底四腔心（P＜0.05）。孕周与胎心初始位置对显示率有显著影响,孕周大、初始位置为心尖四腔心切面获取成功率较高。先天性心脏畸形胎儿24例,四维超声心动图在显示瓣膜、瓣环及心脏间隔上显示出优势。结论 以四腔心为基础切面能够快速获取胎儿心脏容积,并能较为完整地评价胎儿心脏结构。胎儿四维超声心动图在显示复杂胎儿心脏异常中起到一定的作用。     

不同初始切面胎儿心脏三维容积包成像在胎儿心脏超声检查中的价值

目的 研究不同初始切面胎儿心脏三维容积包图像质量,探讨三维成像技术联合断层超声显像技术在正常胎儿心脏超声检查中的价值.方法 应用胎儿三维成像技术对158例胎儿(孕16~40周)心脏以心尖四腔心切面和胸骨旁四腔心切面作初始切面采集三维容积数据.应用软件进行离机分析,用断层超声显像模式对胎儿四腔心、五腔心、三血管气管、左心室流出道、右心室流出道、大动脉短轴、主动脉弓、动脉导管弓、上下腔静脉长轴9个标准切面进行显示.按不同孕龄将158例胎儿分为3组,A组(16~24周)、B组(25~32周)和C组(33~40周),对3组胎儿9个标准切面显示情况进行组间对比分析.结果 应用心脏三维容积技术在158例胎儿中采集到满意的心脏容积数据包图像149个,其中心尖四腔心切面容积包72个,胸骨旁四腔心切面容积包77个.(1)上下腔静脉切面、大动脉短轴切面图像清晰显示率(2分切面率),心尖四腔心切面容积包图像及胸骨旁四腔心切面容积包图像的A组与B组间对比,差异均有统计学意义(心尖四腔心切面容积包χ2=4.927、22.938,胸骨旁四腔心切面容积包χ2=6.312、21.761,P均<0.05).(2)主动脉弓切面、动脉导管弓切面图像清晰显示率(2分切面率),仅在心尖四腔心切面容积包图像的A组与B组间对比差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.053、4.967,P均<0.05).(3)心尖四腔心切面容积包和胸骨旁四腔心切面容积包B组图像清晰显示率最高,C组其次,A组最低.结论 心尖四腔心切面和胸骨旁四腔心切面均可作为胎儿心脏三维容积成像采集初始切面,三维容积成像中重建切面受外部条件影响明显.胎儿心脏三维超声检查最佳孕龄范围为25~32孕周,孕龄大小对以心尖四腔心作初始切面的心脏三维图像质量影响较大.这两个初始切面可为胎儿心脏三维容积图像规范化采集和远程会诊图像规范化采集提供参考.     

计算机辅助容积超声诊断在正常胎儿心脏检查中的应用

目的 探讨计算机辅助容积超声诊断(sonoVCAD)在正常胎儿心脏检查中的应用价值.方法 对120例胎儿心脏进行常规二维超声扫查及三维容积扫查,并对容积数据利用sonoVCAD软件分析,分别记录2种方法 对左室流出道、右室流出道、胃泡、腔静脉连接右房及动脉导管弓切面的显示率.结果 2种模式对左室流出道切面及胃泡切面的显示率均为100%,但sonoVCAD模式对右室流出道切面的显示率略高于普通二维模式,对腔静脉连接右房切面及动脉导管弓切面的显示率则显著高于普通二维模式.结论 利用sonoVCAD技术可自动获取胎儿心脏筛查中所需的重要切面,并在某些切面的显示率明显高于普通二维模式.通过影像采集的标准化减少了人为失误的可能性并减少了扫查时间,在临床应用中有重要价值.     

时间-空间相关成像技术评价胎儿心脏形态结构的初步研究

目的评估3D／4D时间-空间相关成像（STIC）是否能比常规二维胎儿超声心动图提供更多胎儿心脏的切面及信息。方法采用3D／4DSTIC超声系统对26例孕龄16～41周的正常胎儿进行心脏和胸部的自动扫查，获得容积数据后进行脱机分析，主要对胎儿心脏的解剖结构进行多平面的观察和三维重建，重点观察胎儿心脏的流出道等结构。结果26例胎儿皆成功获得满意二维和三维四腔心切面的图像。通过STIC技术获得的容积数据显示了一系列相互垂直的三维平面图像（即A平面、B平面、C平面），对其中的每一幅图像都可通过旋转、平移进行控制、分析。切割或三维重建图像可获得比常规二维胎儿超声心动图检查更多的切面及信息。结论3D／4DSTIC技术比常规二维胎儿超声心动图检查能更快地提供更多的观察心脏解剖结构的切面和信息。     

超声血管增强技术联合断层超声显像技术在胎儿心脏大血管检查中的应用

目的 探讨超声血管增强技术(VET)联合断层超声显像技术(TUI)在正常胎儿心脏超声检查中的临床应用价值.方法 对103例孕龄在18~30周的正常胎儿心脏进行研究,分别以胸骨旁四腔心切面和心尖四腔心切面为初始切面,采用三维超声加用VET与未用VET对比扫查并储存容积数据.应用软件分析容积数据,以TUI模式比较加用VET与未用VET对胎儿四腔心、五腔心、三血管气管、左心室流出道、右心室流出道、大动脉短轴、主动脉弓、动脉导管弓、上下腔静脉长轴9个标准切面的显示情况.分析加用VET与未用VET对9个标准切面的总体显示率和总体显示清晰率(2分),并对9个标准切面加用VET与未用VET两组评分值进行比较.结果 采集的103个容积数据,胸骨旁四腔心54个,心尖四腔心49个.不同初始切面加用与未用VET组对9个标准切面的总体清晰率(不同初始切面):在胸骨旁四腔心容积包提高23.3%(113/486),在心尖四腔心容积包提高36.5%(161/441);五腔心、三血管气管、左心室流出道、右心室流出道切面总体清晰率:在胸骨旁四腔心容积包提高了37.0%(80/216),在心尖四腔心容积包提高49.0%(96/196);对主动脉弓、动脉导管弓、上下腔静脉长轴3个长轴切面总体清晰率:在胸骨旁四腔心容积包提高25.9%(42/162),在心尖四腔心容积包提高40.8%(60/147).对初始切面四腔心切面外8个标准切面:加用VET组对8个标准切面的评分(除心尖四腔心容积包大动脉短轴组外)明显高于未用VET组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 超声血管增强技术可提高胎儿心脏和血管显示能力,增加了超声图像的清晰度和辨别能力,联合断层超声显像技术对胎儿复杂性先天性心脏大血管畸形的检查有应用价值.     

初始切面对胎儿心脏时-空相关成像技术应用的影响研究

目的 比较不同初始切面采集的容积数据对胎儿心脏各标准切面的显示率,探讨三维超声扫查中不同初始切面对心脏容积数据质量的影响.方法 在本院产检的18～28孕周的孕妇60例,胎儿系统超声检查及出生后随访无异常.分别以胎儿胸骨旁四腔心切面(A组)、心尖四腔心切面(B组)及主动脉弓长轴切面(C组)为初始切面,采用三维超声时-空相关成像技术(spatio-temporal image correlation,STIC)扫查并存储容积数据.应用软件分析容积数据,统计3组容积数据对胎儿心脏四腔心、五腔心、左心室流出道、右心室流出道、大动脉短轴、三血管气管、上下腔静脉纵切面、主动脉弓长轴及动脉导管长轴等9个标准切面的显示率,比较3组差异.结果 采集104个容积数据,A组49个,B组30个,C组25个.各组对胎儿心脏9个标准切面的总显示率分别为:A组97.7%,B组94.1%,C组91.6%(PA-B-C＜0.05),B组对心脏各长轴切面、C组则对心脏各短轴切面显示率较低.结论 胎儿心脏三维超声STIC扫查中,不同初始切面影响所采集的容积数据对心脏9个标准切面的显示,胸骨旁四腔心切面为最佳初始切面.     

Automated retrieval of standard diagnostic fetal cardiac ultrasound planes in the second trimester of pregnancy: a prospective evaluation of software.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the performance of software that automatically retrieves, from a three-dimensional (3D) volume of the fetal chest, three diagnostic cardiac planes in the second trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: 3D static volumes of the fetal chest were acquired at the level of the four-chamber view in 72 fetuses between 18 and 23 weeks of gestation. Standardization of 3D volumes was performed in Plane A (the reference plane: four-chamber view) alone. Tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) was added to the display of each diagnostic plane. The left ventricular outflow plane (Cardiac plane 1: five-chamber view, aorta), the right ventricular outflow plane (Cardiac plane 2: pulmonary artery) and the abdominal circumference plane (Cardiac plane 3: abdominal circumference, stomach) were retrieved by the software from the 3D volumes and the data were analyzed to determine whether Cardiac planes 1-3 were displayed correctly in each volume. RESULTS: The automated software displayed, in at least one TUI plane, target Cardiac plane 1 in 94.4% of volumes, target Cardiac plane 2 in 91.7% of volumes and target Cardiac plane 3 in 97.2% of volumes. CONCLUSION: Our results validate the concept of automated sonography and its potential clinical applicability.     

Automated sonography: defining the spatial relationship of standard diagnostic fetal cardiac planes in the second trimester of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: This study defines the spatial relationship of the diagnostic planes of the fetal heart to the 4-chamber view plane in the second trimester of pregnancy as a first step in the automation process. METHODS: Three-dimensional static volumes of the fetal chest were acquired at the level of the 4-chamber view on 75 fetuses between 18 and 23 weeks' gestation. The spatial relationship of the diagnostic cardiac planes to the 4-chamber view plane were determined for each gestational week by using rotations along the x-, y-, and z-axes and a parallel slide (millimeters) when applicable. RESULTS: The 5-chamber view (cardiac 1 plane) was best obtained by an initial parallel slide of the reference plane (plane A) toward the fetal head followed by a rotation along the y-axis. The right ventricular outflow tract (cardiac 2) and the abdominal circumference (cardiac 3) planes were best obtained by a parallel slide only: toward the fetal head in cardiac 2 and toward the fetal abdomen in cardiac 3. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the spatial relationship of fetal cardiac diagnostic planes to the 4-chamber view plane in the second trimester of pregnancy in 3-dimensional volumes. Testing the clinical applicability of automated software based on these formulas is the next step.     

Role of tomographic ultrasound imaging with spatiotemporal image correlation for identifying fetal ventricular septal defects

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the possibility of diagnosing ventricular septal defects (VSDs) by using tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) on 4-dimensional volumes of the fetal chest obtained with spatiotemporal image correlation and the color Doppler function. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the 4-dimensional spatiotemporal image correlation volumes of 8 fetuses with VSDs (single in 7 and double in 1) between 20 and 33 weeks' gestation. The data were analyzed to determine whether VSDs were correctly identified in at least 1 of 7 automatically generated TUI displays. RESULTS: All of the included VSDs were correctly identified with the use of an interslice distance in the TUI function ranging from 0.8 to 2 mm without the need to further manipulate the volume. CONCLUSIONS: This automatic approach shows good retrieval of diagnostic cardiac planes in fetuses with VSDs, which may improve the diagnostic accuracy for this disease.     

Feasibility of Automated 3‐Dimensional Fetal Cardiac Screening in Routine Ultrasound Practice

Objective. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the clinical feasibility of an automated 3‐dimensional (3D) software tool for extended basic cardiac screening in routine ultrasound practice. Methods. During the 2‐month study period, all gravidas fitting our inclusion criteria were consecutively included. Cardiac 3D volumes were acquired within the time slot allocated for the usual 2‐dimensional fetal examination. All volumes were assessed on their quality, based on display of the 4‐chamber view, and on the ability to sufficiently display diagnostic cardiac planes (left ventricular outflow tract [LVOT], right ventricle outflow tract [RVOT], and stomach location) with Sonography‐Based Volume Computer‐Aided Diagnosis software (SonoVCAD; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). Results. Volume acquisition was successful in 107 of 126 cases (85%). For each sonographer, more than 70% of the acquired cardiac volumes were of high or sufficient quality. Separately analyzed, diagnostic planes of the LVOT, RVOT, and stomach location were visible in 62.1%, 81.6%, and 92.2%, respectively. An extended basic fetal cardiac examination based on retrieval of all diagnostic cardiac planes from a single volume using SonoVCAD could be performed in 46.6% of the cases. Conclusions. This study shows that cardiac volume acquisition can be incorporated in a routine ultrasound screening program without much difficulty. However, currently, SonoVCAD software still lacks the consistency to be clinically feasible for cardiac screening purposes. Further advances in ultrasound technology and familiarization with 3D ultrasound might improve its performance.     

Tomographic ultrasound imaging of the fetal heart: a new technique for identifying normal and abnormal cardiac anatomy.

OBJECTIVE: In 2003 and 2004, the American College of Radiology, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists published guidelines for the standard ultrasound examination of the fetus. Each group recommended that the outflow tracts of the fetal heart be examined if technically feasible. One method to accomplish this task is to perform a free-hand sweep of the transducer beam directed in a transverse plane from the 4-chamber view to the fetal neck. One problem with this approach is that the examiner may not direct the beam transversely and, therefore, may not accurately identify the outflow tract anatomy. METHODS: A new technology, tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI), allows the examiner to obtain a volume data set that simultaneously displays multiple images at specific distances from the 4-chamber view. This study examined TUI technology for identifying normal and abnormal fetal cardiac anatomy with the use of either static or spatiotemporal image correlation volume data sets. RESULTS: The 4 views used in the screening examination of the outflow tracts of the fetal heart (4-chamber, 5-chamber, 3-vessel, and tracheal views) could be identified with the use of TUI technology in fetuses between 13 and 40 weeks' gestation. Examples of fetuses with abnormal cardiac anatomy of the outflow tracts (tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, and pulmonary stenosis) all showed abnormal anatomy on TUI. CONCLUSIONS: Tomographic ultrasound imaging technology enables the fetal examiner to evaluate the 4-chamber view and the outflow tracts in a systematic manner to identify normal and abnormal cardiac anatomy.     

Three-dimensional (3D) and 4D color Doppler fetal echocardiography using spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC).

OBJECTIVE: Color Doppler echocardiography is used to visualize three transverse planes: the four-chamber, five-chamber, and three vessels and trachea views. Color Doppler spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) is a new three-dimensional (3D) technique allowing the acquisition of a volume of data from the fetal heart that is displayed as a cineloop of a single cardiac cycle. The aim of the study was to examine the potential of color Doppler STIC to evaluate normal and abnormal fetal hearts. METHODS: This prospective study included 35 normal fetuses and 27 fetuses with congenital heart defects (CHD) examined between 18 and 35 weeks of gestation. Volume acquisition was achieved by initiating the image capture sequence from the transverse four-chamber view. Volumes were stored for later offline evaluation using a personal computer-based workstation in a multiplanar mode and as spatial volume rendering. RESULTS: Successful acquisition was possible in all 62 cases. The three planes could be demonstrated in 31/35 healthy fetuses and in 24/27 fetuses with CHD. Spatial volume rendering was attempted in 18 fetuses with CHD. In the four normal fetuses with inadequate visualization using color Doppler STIC, the region of interest was perpendicular to the ultrasound beam. In two fetuses with CHD inadequate visualization was related to an enlarged heart in late gestation, in which the entire cardiac volume could not be acquired. The third case was an 18-week fetus with complex CHD and transposed great vessels in which artifacts were related to confluent color signals as a result of low resolution in the reconstructed plane. CONCLUSIONS: STIC in combination with color Doppler ultrasound is a promising new tool for multiplanar and 3D/4D rendering of the fetal heart. Limitations may be found later in gestation in fetuses with large hearts and early in gestation as a result of low discrimination of signals. In addition, insonation perpendicular to the structure of interest does not image color Doppler signals and should be avoided during acquisition.     

A novel algorithm for comprehensive fetal echocardiography using 4-dimensional ultrasonography and tomographic imaging.

OBJECTIVE: Tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) is a new display modality that allows simultaneous visualization of up to 8 parallel anatomic planes. This study was designed to determine the role of a novel algorithm combining spatiotemporal image correlation and TUI to visualize standard fetal echocardiographic planes. METHODS: Volume data sets from fetuses with and without congenital heart defects (CHDs) were examined with a novel algorithm that allows simultaneous visualization of the 3-vessel and trachea view, the 4-chamber view, and outflow tracts. Visualization rates for these planes as well as the ductal arch and 5-chamber view were calculated. RESULTS: (1) Two hundred twenty-seven volume data sets from fetuses without (n = 138) and with (n = 14) CHDs were reviewed; (2) among fetuses without CHDs, the 4-chamber view, 5-chamber view, ductal arch, 3-vessel and trachea view, left outflow tract, and short axis of the aorta were visualized in 99% (193/195), 96.9% (189/195), 98.5% (192/195), 88.2% (172/195), 93.3% (182/195), and 87.2% (170/195) of the volume data sets, respectively; (3) these views were visualized in 85% (17/20), 80% (16/20), 65% (13/20), 55% (11/20), 55% (11/20), and 70% (14/20) of the volume data sets, respectively, from fetuses with CHDs; and (4) simultaneous visualization of the short axis of the aorta, 3-vessel and trachea view, left outflow tract, and 4-chamber view was obtained in 78% (152/195) of the volume data sets from fetuses without CHDs and in 40% (8/20) of those with CHDs. CONCLUSIONS: The 3-vessel and trachea view, the 4-chamber view, and both outflow tracts can be simultaneously visualized using a novel algorithm combining spatiotemporal image correlation and TUI.     

超声自动容积断层成像在下肢静脉曲张中的应用

目的 探讨超声自动容积断层成像系统(AVSS)在下肢静脉曲张中的应用价值。 方法 分别对32例患者、45条下肢曲张静脉进行传统矢状面横切、纵切扫查和超声自动容积断层扫描,获得容积成像信息,观察并重点对表皮冠状面图像进行研究分析。 结果 自动容积断层扫描显示45条曲张下肢静脉中,35条为单纯静脉曲张,7条合并瘤样扩张,5条伴有节段性静脉血栓形成,其中2条同时伴瘤样扩张和静脉血栓形成,病变均在AVSS表皮冠状面成像上清晰显示。AVSS纡曲静脉检出率明显高于二维灰阶超声(P<0.001)。 结论 超声AVSS可以整体直观评估下肢静脉的发病情况,结合传统彩色超声判断静脉瓣功能可为术前提供重要信息。