彩色多普勒超声在乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨灰阶超声、彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)及能量多普勒(CDE)超声在乳腺实质性病灶中的血流信号及超声特点,评价其在乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 采用二维超声、CDFI、CDE及复合超声成像技术对264例(392个肿块)乳腺实质性肿瘤进行超声检查,分析病变的形态、边缘、内部回声、包膜、纵/横比,有无钙化灶、血流信号分布等情况,并与术后病理结果对比.结果 病理诊断良性肿瘤178例,恶性肿瘤86例.其中恶性肿瘤内部及周边见丰富彩色血流信号显示(79/86),穿通血管和分支血管居多(66/86),且内部可见大量散在钙化或簇样钙化(83/86),而良性肿瘤内彩色血流信号及穿通血管较少,仅有4例肿块内部可见钙化.结论 二维超声结合CDFI、CDE检查在乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中有很好的临床应用价值.     

彩色多普勒超声显像对乳腺肿块的诊断价值

目的探讨灰阶超声、彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)及能量多普勒(CDE)超声在乳腺实质性病灶中的血流信号及超声特点,评价其在乳腺良、恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。方法采用二维超声、CDFI、CDE对133例(196个肿块)乳腺实质性肿瘤进行了超声检查,分析病变的形态、边缘、内部回声、包膜、纵/横比、有无钙化灶、血流信号分布等情况,并与术后病理结果对比。结果病理诊断良性肿瘤110例,恶性肿瘤23例。其中恶性肿瘤内部及周边见丰富彩色血流信号显示(21/23),穿通血管和分支血管居多(21/23),且内部可见大量散在钙化或簇样钙化(18/23);而良性肿瘤内彩色血流信号及穿通血管较少,仅2例肿块内部可见钙化。结论二维超声结合CDFI、CDE检查在乳腺良、恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中有很好的临床应用价值。     

乳腺实性肿块超声诊断的Logistic回归分析

目的 应用二分类Logistic回归模型分析乳腺肿块良恶性的超声鉴别诊断.方法 选择经手术病理证实的151个乳腺病灶的二维灰阶超声、二维彩色多普勒超声、三维灰阶超声、三维彩色多普勒超声、超声弹性成像的各诊断指标进行多因素回归分析,建立Logistic模型.用ROC曲线法评价Logistic模型的预报能力.结果 经前进法逐步回归的多变量二分类Logistic回归分析,筛选引入方程的超声检查指标包括:弹性成像评分、形态、内部回声、阻力指数、后方回声和汇聚征.Logistic模型的预报正确率为97.35%,ROC曲线下面积为0.996.结论 二分类Logistic回归多元分析模型能很好地描述和分析良恶性乳腺肿块的超声鉴别诊断的过程,并能筛选出有意义的鉴别诊断指标.     

超声弹性成像与彩色多普勒超声在乳腺占位性病变诊断中的对比研究

目的 比较超声弹性成像超声(UE)与彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)在乳腺占位性病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 对93例,100个乳腺占位性病灶术前行彩色多普勒和超声弹性成像检查,以手术病理为金标准,对比分析彩色多普勒超声和超声弹性成像诊断乳腺肿块良恶性的准确度.结果 超声弹性成像(UE)诊断乳腺恶性病灶的敏感度90.2%,特异度93.9%,准确度92.0%,彩色多普勒超声中根据肿块内血流情况(对显示最多血管条数的肿块超声切面进行评价)参照Adler分级诊断乳腺恶性病灶的敏感度64.7%,特异度77.5%,准确度71.0%,脉冲多普勒中根据血流的阻力指数(RI)诊断乳腺恶性病灶的敏感度74.5%,特异度71.4%,准确度73.0%.联合彩色多普勒和脉冲多普勒诊断乳腺恶性病灶的灵敏度为50.9%,特异度为89.7%,准确度为70%.结论 超声弹性成像在鉴别诊断乳腺占位性病变良恶性中的准确度高于彩色多普勒超声.     

乳腺小肿块灰阶和彩色多普勒超声特征的logistic回归分析

目的 评价并筛选鉴别乳腺小肿块(≤2 cm)的灰阶和彩色多普勒超声特征指标.方法 术前观察71个乳腺小肿块的灰阶和彩色多普勒超声及三维能量多普勒血流特征,将单因素分析得出的与乳腺恶性肿块有关的变量进入回归统计,利用logistic逐步回归分析筛选出鉴别乳腺良恶性小肿块有意义的指标并建立诊断恶性可能性公式.结果 乳腺良恶性肿块在纵横比、微小钙化、高回声晕、毛刺征、腋窝淋巴结肿大、阻力指数、血管指数、穿入型血流、中心型血流、环绕型血流等方面存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),经过logistic逐步回归,得出以下方程:恶性可能性=1/(1+e-z),其z=-4.248+2.276×血管指数+3.736×穿入型血流+3.266×纵横比+3.068×腋窝淋巴结肿大.当乳腺小肿块纵横比≥0.77,出现穿入型血流,血管指数≥1.65条/cm3,伴腋窝淋巴结肿大时恶性危险可能性0.99.结论 以超声特征诊断乳腺恶性小肿块的logistic回归模型有助于鉴别乳腺良恶性病变.     

三维彩色超声对局灶性肾梗塞的诊断价值(附2例报告)

目的探讨三维彩色超声在局灶性肾梗塞中的应用。方法回顾性分析2例肾梗塞病例的超声图像,二维超声对肾脏探查均无异常,后用三维容积探头对肾脏进行三维灰阶成像,发现肾梗塞的部位和面积,使用三维彩色血流成像和多普勒能量三维成像对肾血管进行观察,初步确定病变部位的血管。结合文献进行报道。结果三维灰阶成像能清晰显示梗塞的部位和面积,三维血流成像能初步判定病变的血管和病变的部位。结论三维彩色超声对局灶性肾梗塞有较好的诊断价值。     

B-Flow技术在血管疾病中的应用价值

目的评价B-Flow二维灰阶血流成像在血管疾病中的应用价值.方法对48例血管疾病患者应用B-Flow技术观察血管腔内血流动力学情况,测量血管内径、动脉管壁中内膜厚度、硬化斑块的大小及范围等,并与二维超声及彩色多普勒血流显像对比分析.结果 B-Flow技术在对软斑块的显示及对血管内径、血管壁厚度测量的准确性方面优于二维超声及彩色多普勒血流显像.在血管有明显血流动力学病变时,B-Flow技术对血流回声信号显示的灵敏度高于彩色多普勒血流显像.结论 B-Flow作为一种新的超声影像技术,在血管疾病检查中与二维超声及彩色多普勒血流显像结合使用,扩展了二维影像显示血流的能力,提高了周围血管疾病(尤其早期病变及软斑块)的检出率,可为临床提供准确的检测信息,因此有其独特的临床应用价值.     

二维彩色多普勒超声及三维超声成像对乳腺肿块的诊断价值

目的探讨二维彩色多普勒超声及三维超声成像对乳腺肿块的诊断价值。方法对 115例乳腺良恶性肿块术前进行二维彩色多普勒超声及三维超声检查 ,分析其血流情况及三维超声成像效果。结果三维超声成像图像清晰 ,可直观、立体地显示乳腺肿块X、Y、Z轴三个断面及内部结构。乳腺良恶性肿块超声诊断符合率分别为 77.5 %、89% ,乳腺恶性肿块诊断敏感性为 98% ,特异性为 90 .5 %。彩色多普勒在恶性肿块中 10 0 %可探到动脉型血流 ,中等量至多血流占 6 2 .3% ,RI值为 0 .75± 0 .0 6 ;而良性肿块中 ,80 .6 %为无至少量血流 ,RI值为 0 .6 0± 0 .0 7,两者相比具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论彩色多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断有一定的临床应用价值 ,结合三维超声成像 ,在一定程度上弥补了二维超声的不足 ,为疾病的诊断提供了更可靠的形态学依据     

高频彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺实性肿块的价值研究

目的 探讨高频彩色多普勒超声在乳腺实性肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 对27例乳腺良性肿块和44例乳腺癌肿块进行彩色多普勒超声检查,分析病灶的声像图特点,并与病理结果进行对照。结果彩色多普勒超声对良、恶性肿块的诊断符合率分别为89％、93％。良、恶性肿块在二维灰阶声像图及彩色多普勒血流分级方面比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 二维灰阶声像图结合彩色血流成像的典型表现,可以判断其性质,对一些非典型病例,还应结合病史综合分析,以便做出正确判断。     

彩色多普勒超声在乳腺小肿块鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在乳腺良恶性小肿块(≤2 cm)鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 对71个乳腺小肿块,用脉冲多普勒检测肿块的血流动力学指标,应用三维能量多普勒血流成像(three-dimensional color power angiography,3D-CPA)观察肿块的血流形态学改变并计算肿块的血管指数.结果 良性组以环绕型血流为主,占87.5%(21/24),恶性组以穿入型血流为主,占70.3%(26/37).以穿入型血流诊断小乳腺癌的敏感性70.3%,特异性87.5%.乳腺肿块的血管指数作为乳腺癌的诊断依据,敏感性较低,但特异性高,以血管指数≥1.65条/cm~3为界值,其鉴别乳腺良恶性肿块的敏感性和特异性分别为75.7%和91.7%.结论 依据彩色多普勒超声表现特点有助于乳腺小肿块良恶性的鉴别.     

Detecting angiogenesis in breast tumors: comparison of color Doppler flow imaging with ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography

We investigated the correlation between color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and ultrasound (US)-guided diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for detection of breast tumor angiogenesis. Both CDFI and DOT were performed in 214 breast lesions scheduled for biopsy. The lesions were classified as vascular or nonvascular on CDFI and total hemoglobin concentration (THC) was measured by DOT. Sonographic results were correlated with the THC measurements. Pathologic examination showed 118 breast cancers and 96 benign breast masses. When vascularization on CDFI as a sign of malignancy and a cutoff of 140 μmol/L was used, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 83.9, 50.0 and 68.7% for CDFI and 83.9, 66.7 and 76.2% for DOT, respectively. Thirteen (11.0%) nonvascular breast cancers presented high THC levels. Twenty-five (52.1%) vascular benign tumors demonstrated low THC levels. Mean THC did not differ significantly in malignancies with vascular or without vascular (228.14 ± 85.37 μmol/L vs. 191.42 ± 92.59 μmol/L; p > 0.05). Likewise, for benign lesions, the difference between THC values in vascular lesions and nonvascular lesions was not statistically significant (140.86 ± 79.63 μmol/L vs. 110.13 ± 85.05 μmol/L; p > 0.05). Our results suggest that the addition of DOT to CDFI could be helpful for characterizing CDFI nonvascular lesions that are suspicious for malignancy or vascular lesions that are probably benign.     

彩色多普勒能量图对女性盆腔实性肿物的诊断价值

目的：探讨女性盆腔良恶性实性肿物不同血流特征在术前诊断的价值。方法：对５８例患有盆腔实性肿物的女性患者，术前进行彩色多普勒能量图（ＣＤＥ）评估，术后全部经病理组织学证实。结果：本组卵巢癌以肿瘤内部血流信号弥散分布伴低阻力血流为主，卵巢良性实性肿瘤以肿瘤内单个或稀疏血流信号为特点，子宫肌层内肌瘤以瘤体周围较直的条状血流信号及内部血流伴低阻力值和高血流速度为特征，浆膜下子宫肌瘤特点为蒂部丰富的血流信号并高速低阻测值。结论：ＣＤＥ能够直观地描述女性盆腔良恶性实性肿物特征性的血流形态学分布，可作为一项有价值的鉴别诊断标准     

高频彩色多普勒超声多指标分析对小乳癌的诊断价值

目的分析乳腺小肿瘤（直径≤2．0cm）的高频二维超声及彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）的特点，评价其对小乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法对经术后病理证实的乳腺小肿瘤126例回顾性分析，将二维超声声像图特征、CDFI等多项指标进行比较。结果高频二维超声对乳腺小肿瘤的形态、边界、包膜、有无微小钙化等方面，良、恶性肿瘤之间有显著性差异：良性肿瘤CDFI表现为血流丰富的占46．2％，多为0～Ⅰ级，而乳腺癌中占89．6％，且以Ⅱ～Ⅲ级多见；腋窝探及转移性淋巴结是恶性肿瘤的特点。结论将乳腺小肿瘤的高频二维超声及CDFI特点，结合有无腋窝淋巴结转移进行综合分析，可显著提高小乳癌诊断率。     

Color Doppler flow as an indicator of nodal metastasis in solid breast masses.

Tumor metastases are dependent on angiogenesis. This prospective study evaluates the role of color Doppler sonographic signals in (1) detecting blood flow in solid breast masses, (2) differentiating between benign and malignant breast tumors, and (3) identifying women at risk for axillary lymph node metastasis. Ultrasonographically proved solid breast masses from 95 women were evaluated with color Doppler imaging for the presence of blood flow. A characteristic curvilinear or branching signal pattern, labeled the "rim sign," was noted to be either present or absent at the periphery of the mass in all cases. The color Doppler sonographic signals in 86 patients with pathologic results were correlated with the occurrence of malignancy and axillary lymph node metastasis. Fifty-three of the 86 patients (62%) had benign breast disease and 33 patients (38%) had malignant tumors. Sixteen (30%) of the benign tumors and 20 (61%) of the malignant cancers demonstrated a positive rim sign. A positive rim sign has a 61% sensitivity and a 70% specificity for the prediction of breast malignancy. In the malignant masses, nodal involvement occurred in 50% of patients with a positive rim sign and 10% of patients with a negative rim sign. A negative rim sign has a negative predictive value of 90% for nodal metastasis. Color Doppler imaging can detect blood flow in both malignant and benign solid breast masses. A positive rim sign is a poor prognostic factor whereas a negative rim sign is a good prognostic indicator for axillary nodal metastases.     

高频声像图与彩色多普勒能量图在乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用

目的　探讨乳腺良恶性肿瘤的高频声像图及能量多普勒血流特征 ,提高乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的准确率。方法　对经手术病理证实的 3 6例乳腺癌及 3 3例乳腺良性肿瘤的高频声像图与能量多普勒血流特点进行回顾性分析。结果　乳腺良恶性肿块声像图的鉴别以肿块边界特征最为重要 ,能量多普勒显示乳腺癌内的血流较良性肿瘤明显丰富 (P <0 .0 1) ,乳腺癌的血管分布特征异常 ,血流阻力指数 (RI)在良恶性肿块有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　高频声像图结合能量多普勒血流特征可以较准确鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤。     

彩色多普勒诊断乳腺良、恶性肿块的价值

目的　分析彩色多普勒在诊断乳腺良恶性肿块中的价值。方法　恶性肿块 6 3例 (浸润性导管癌 5 9例 ,单纯癌 2例 ,导管内癌 2例 ) ,良性肿块 46例 (纤维腺瘤 43例 ,导管内乳头状瘤 1例 ,小叶增生 2例 )。全部病例均经手术及病理证实。结果　恶性肿块无血液 ( 0级 )检出率 4.8%,显著低于良性肿块 ( 5 2 .2 %)。Ⅱ级以上血流检出率 ,恶性肿块为 80 .9%,显著高于良性肿块 ( 10 .9%)。恶性肿块阻力指数为 0 .74± 0 .0 5 ,良性肿块阻力指数为 0 .6 4± 0 .0 7,恶性肿块搏动指数为 1.6 8± 0 .49,良性肿块搏动指数为 1.0 0± 0 .0 7,两者之间均有明显差异 (P <0 .0 1)。恶性肿块最大血流速度高于良性肿块 ,但差异不大 (P >0 .0 5 )。彩色多普勒诊断乳腺良恶性肿块的灵敏性、特异性、准确率分别为 95 .2 %、89.1%、92 .3%。结论　彩色多普勒对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断有一定的价值。     

彩色多普勒血流图及能量图对甲状腺良恶性肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）及彩色多普勒能量图（CDE）对甲状腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别的价值。 方法 对60例甲状腺肿瘤患者（良性46例，恶性14例）行CDFI和CDE检查，了解肿瘤周边及内部血流分布情况。 结果 血流显示率在CDFI及CDE中分别为65．0％和90．0％，CDE较CDFI提高25．0％（P〈0．05）。甲状腺恶性肿瘤CDFI及CDE大多数表现为血流丰富，且肿瘤内部血流多于肿瘤周边血流，显示率分别为69．2％和76．9％；良性肿瘤大多数表现为血流稀疏，且肿瘤周边血流多于肿瘤内部血流，显示率分别为69．2％和76．9％，二者无显著差异（P〉0．05）。 结论 CDE在甲状腺肿瘤血流的敏感性和准确性上优于CDFI，但二者对肿瘤良恶性的鉴别意义无明显差别。     

Role of color and power doppler imaging in differentiating between malignant and benign solid breast masses

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the color and power Doppler signals in solid breast masses and assessed their value in differentiating malignant from benign lesions. METHODS: One hundred twenty-nine biopsy-proven solid breast masses (54 malignant and 75 benign) were evaluated with color and/or power Doppler sonography using a 7-MHz linear-array transducer. We retrospectively analyzed the location, shape, and penetration of the Doppler vascular signals in the breast masses. The location of the vascular signals was categorized as central, peripheral, or both. The shape of the signals was categorized as linear, irregular, branching, or a single dot. A penetrating vessel was defined as a continuous vascular signal extending from outside the lesion to inside it. In 43 cases, power and color Doppler sonograms were compared. RESULTS: Doppler features suggestive of malignant lesions were the presence of both peripheral and central vascularity (odds ratio, 6.0), presence of penetrating vessels (odds ratio, 5.4), and presence of branching vessels (odds ratio, 13.7). Power Doppler sonography was more sensitive than color Doppler sonography in detecting vascular signals in 49% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Color (power) Doppler imaging is a valuable adjunct to conventional sonography in differentiating between malignant and benign breast lesions.