抗p185单抗5E12Fab段基因的克隆及表达

目的：克隆抗p185单抗5E12的Fab段基因并在原核细胞进行表达。方法：用逆转录．聚合酶链反应技术（RT-PER），以可变区第一骨架区的通用引物从分泌抗p185单抗的杂交瘤细胞系5E12中克隆Fd段和K链的基因，重组到Fab表达载体中，在大肠杆菌中表达噬菌体抗体和可溶性Fab；根据前导肽序列设计引物，通过PER介导的定点突变将V区基因氨基端序列恢复为5E12的原始序列；以NIH3T3／erbB-2细胞ELISA法、免疫组化法等进行特异性鉴定。结果：以第一骨架区的通用引物从小鼠杂交瘤细胞5E12中克隆到Fd段和k链的基因，在大肠杆菌中表达出Fab段抗体但无特异性抗原结合活性，分别将Fd段和k链V区基因的氨基端序列矫正为亲本单抗的原始序列后，恢复了Fab段的抗原结合活性。单独恢复Fd段可变区氨基端序列可恢复抗原结合活性。但同时恢复k链后活性却有所下降。结论：成功构建了抗p185小分子抗体Fab并进行功能性表达，为进一步构建抗p185鼠单抗其他小分子抗体及其人源化改造打下基础；进一步证实抗体氨基端序列对抗体活性的重要性，为今后以PER方法构建小分子抗体的工作提供了有益的借鉴。     

基于TNF功能表位设计新型人源单链抗体

目的开发基于TNF功能表位的新型人源单链抗体。方法利用自主研制的鼠抗TNF-α中和单抗Z12能特异性识别TNF-α的141~146位功能表位特性,通过理论模拟构建TNF/抗体Z12相互作用的复合物模型设计获得功能性拮抗肽(PT2、PT3、PT4、PT7)以及单域抗体PTVH5(以人抗体可变区重链框架VH5为支架合理展示PT2、PT3、PT4),利用计算机辅助分子设计以及同源模建、分子对接方法,进一步合理选择人抗体可变区轻链框架(Vκ1)作为展示支架,通过构象判别、作用能比较以及识别区域确认并选择合适的连接肽设计新型单链分子ScFv_AB1。结果理论分析发现,ScFv_AB1稳定性较好,识别TNF-α的141~146功能位点(即Z12识别的位点)。生物学实验证明,ScFv_AB1能与TNF-α结合、抑制TNF-α与TNFR的结合、抑制TNF-α介导的细胞毒作用。结论初步验证了"借助计算机模建,基于人抗体可变区的框架结构和拮抗肽设计单链抗体分子"的策略是可行的,从而为人源小分子抗体的制备提供了一条可供选择的途径。     

创伤弧菌溶细胞素特定氨基酸序列分析及其人源化单链抗体筛选

本研究利用生物信息学方法分析创伤弧菌(vibrio vulnificus, V.vulnificus)溶细胞素的蓖麻毒素结构域内氨基酸序列并合成多肽,筛选人工合成的单链抗体噬菌体文库Tomlinson I+J,为创伤弧菌感染的抗体阻断治疗研究奠定基础。通过对未经处理的大容量Tomlinson I+J噬菌体文库进行3轮特异性亲和筛选,从中筛到特异性结合溶细胞素多肽的克隆,命名为scFv-D2,经氨基酸序列分析验证其含有完整的人源化抗体重链和轻链可变区。将scFv-D2克隆转化E.coli HB2151并诱导表达,用ELISA方法检测其可溶性scFv片段与溶细胞素毒性多肽的结合活性。结果显示从Tomlinson I+J文库成功筛选出一株具有结合活性的人源化噬菌体单链抗体,可用于创伤弧菌感染抗体阻断治疗策略的研究。     

人源化抗人肺癌单域抗体基因的构建、表达及活性分析

目的： 构建人源化的抗人肺癌单域抗体hu3D3VH基因, 在大肠杆菌中表达, 对其蛋白活性进行分析.方法： 采用CDR移植技术对mAb3D3的重链可变区进行人源化, 通过重叠PCR获得hu3D3VH的基因.构建pET22（b＋）/hu3D3VH表达载体, 并转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）, 在IPTG诱导下表达.表达产物通过Ni亲和层析柱纯化.采用间接ELISA和竞争抑制ELISA法进行活性分析.结果： 通过重叠PCR获得序列正确的目的基因.目的蛋白以包涵体的形式表达, 表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%以上.纯化后, 目的蛋白的纯度达95%以上.hu3D3VH具有与亲本抗体相同的抗原反应性, 并能抑制mAb3D3与L342细胞的结合.结论： 获得的人源化单域抗体hu3D3VH, 保留了与mAb3D3相同的反应性和特异性, 为进一步临床应用奠定了基础.     

bFGF人源性抗体Fab段基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的 用自身免疫病患者外周血淋巴细胞获得的bFGF人源性抗体Fab基因,构建编码人源性bFGF抗体Fab表达载体在大肠杆菌中表达,检测其结合抗原的活性.方法 从筛选获得的噬菌体抗体质粒pComb3-Fab中,PCR再扩增出Fd段和κ链基因,克隆到pMD18-T载体中并测序,在NCBI/GenBank的Ig BLAST数据库进行BLAST序列分析.鉴定Fd段和κ链基因后,插入到表达载体pComb3H,切除gene Ⅲ,构建bFGF抗体Fab可溶性表达载体,并在XL1-Blue菌中表达.用SDS-PAGE、Western blot和ELISA方法 鉴定表达产物.结果 Ig BLAST数据库进行BLAST序列分析结果 显示,Fd-6、Fd-25、Fd-26的FWR区与数据库中人源抗体序列FWR区的同源性为95%、97.4%、94.3%,3个CDR区均为特异性序列,证实为人源性抗体Fd段和κ链基因.SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测到目标蛋白带.ELISA结果 显示,表达产物Fab具有与重组人bFGF特异性结合活性,与Human TNF-α、Human IL-2均无交叉反应.结论 插入到表达载体pComb3H的来源于人源性噬菌体抗体库的Fab基因证明为人源性抗体基因,该基因可在XLl-Blue菌株中可溶性表达,且具有特异结合抗原的活性.     

抗Aβ鼠源单克隆抗体的人源化改造及其表达鉴定

目的 将前期构建的抗Aβ人-鼠嵌合抗体进行可变区人源化改造,为抗Aβ抗体在临床人体中应用奠定基础。方法 采用模板替换法对已构建的人-鼠嵌合抗体基因中的重、轻链可变区框架区进行人源化改造,构建抗Aβ人源化抗体的真核表达载体。用脂质体法将重、轻链共转染CHO细胞进行表达,采用ELISA法检测表达产物效价、表达量;同时用SDS-PAGE及Western Blot检测表达产物分子量;免疫组化法鉴定其生物活性。结果 重组改造后的抗Aβ人源化抗体基因重链约为1500bp,轻链约为750bp,与预期一致。转染CHO细胞后获得表达,表达量为1.11mg/L,抗体重链相对分子量约为51ku,轻链约为25 ku。ELISA结果显示能与Aβ特异性结合（细胞培养上清A值：2.24）,与改造前的嵌合抗体比较效价基本相同。抗体人源化检测显示,只能被羊抗人抗体识别,不能被羊抗鼠抗体识别。免疫组化显示表达产物有结合Aβ抗原的活性。结论 将抗Aβ人-鼠嵌合抗体进行可变区人源化改造后,基本保持了原嵌合抗体的生物学特性,为其今后应用于临床提供了可能性。     

蓖麻毒素拮抗剂及疫苗研究概况

自“911”以后,蓖麻毒素已被列为最有可能被用作恐怖袭击的生物战剂,作为目前最具危险性和威胁性的生物恐怖病原必须引起我们的高度警觉。研究其拮抗剂及疫苗具有重要的现实意义。从中和性抗体、抗RTA适配体、Ricin的小分子拮抗肽、抗独特型疫苗、重组疫苗、超级疫苗、微球疫苗等多方面对国内外的研究现状进行阐述非常必要。     

抗人禽流感病毒H5N1人源化单链抗体噬菌体文库的构建和筛选

目的 利用抗人禽流感病毒H5N1 IgG抗体阳性的人禽流感康复患者外周血淋巴细胞,构建人源化Fv段单链抗体(seFv)噬菌体文库,并筛选与禽流感病毒相关蛋白有结合活性的scFv抗体文库.方法 提取人外周血淋巴细胞总RNA,逆转录成cDNA,以其为模板,利用家族特异性IgG基因的引物,扩增重链和轻链的可变区基因,并用合成的连接子将轻链和重链基因连接成单链抗体片段后,重组到噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E中.将重组噬菌粒载体电转化大肠杆菌TG1,酶切和PCR鉴定抗体库的重组率,通过测定噬菌体抗体库的滴度计算抗体库的库容,用特异性禽流感病毒相关蛋白筛选表达的单链抗体.结果 构建了源于人禽流感康复患者血清的scFv抗体文库,库容为3.75×104;筛选出与禽流感病毒相关蛋白有结合活性的scFv抗体文库.结论 成功构建了抗人禽流感病毒H5N1的人源scFv噬菌体抗体库,并筛选出特异性结合人禽流感病毒相关蛋白的单链抗体,为进一步制备快速检测试剂和治疗研究提供了基础数据.     

人源性抗角蛋白单链抗体的构建及表达

目的:克隆抗角蛋白抗体的可变区(V区)基因,构建抗角蛋白单链抗体(scFv)表达载体并表达。方法:根据人源性抗角蛋白Fab段的基因序列设计引物,用PCR方法克隆抗角蛋白抗体的V区基因,并重组到scFv的表达载体中,在大肠杆菌进行表达,表达产物经体外变性复性后进行SDS-PAGE鉴定。用ELISA检测其特异性结合活性。结果:成功地克隆抗角蛋白抗体的V区基因,构建了scFv的表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中表达。ELISA检测证实,表达的scFv保留了亲本Fab抗体的特异结合活性。结论:获得功能性抗角蛋白的scFv,可用于进一步的临床应用研究。     

人源化抗炭疽芽胞杆菌保护性抗原单链抗体的设计和表达

目的:应用抗体"框架区重塑"技术,对鼠单克隆抗体(mAb)框架区进行人源化,制备人源化单链抗体(scFv)并检测其活性。方法:在获得抗炭疽芽胞杆菌保护性抗原鼠mAb(5E1)可变区基因的基础上,保持鼠mAb互补决定区(CDR)不变,选择与框架区同源性最高的人源序列替换鼠mAb的框架区,保留个别关键的鼠源残基。通过融合PCR技术构建人源化的scFv,并在大肠杆菌中进行了表达。表达产物以包涵体形式存在,通过变性、镍柱亲和层析和复性,获得复性后的可溶蛋白。对纯化产物进行了SDS-PAGE、ELISA和抑制炭疽毒素中和活性的检测。结果:人源化后的序列具有与鼠源scFv一致的抗原结合活性和细胞水平的中和炭疽毒素活性。结论:获得了具有功能的人源化的抗体基因序列,为表达具有中和炭疽毒素活性的全分子人源化抗体奠定了基础。     

Monoclonal antibodies against ricin: effects on toxin function

Monoclonal antibodies against ricin toxin were produced and some of their properties investigated. Antibodies 196 C12 and 197 C7 raised against A-chain reacted with a CnBr fragment probably comprised between amino acid 254 and 262. Antibodies 193 A9, 196 A3, and 191 B7 recognized a 6-7 kD CnBr peptide. A second set of antibodies was raised against whole inactivated ricin. Most of them bound in a solid phase radioimmunobinding assay only to ricin and few had a low activity against purified A-chain. Different effects were noted on toxin action in cultured leukemic cells. If cells were preincubated with ricin followed by antibodies, MAb 207 E5 and 216 B3 had a strong enhancing effect on toxin action. If antibodies and toxin were mixed and then added to sensitive cells, antibody 207 E5 gave a strong protection while 216 B3 maintained its enhancing activity. The effect of antibody 216 B3 was further investigated by quantitative cloning experiments which showed that toxin had a fivefold enhancement in its activity by a preincubation with this antibody. Binding of fluoresceinated ricin to leukemic target cells was inhibited by a preincubation with antibody 207 E5 while antibody 216 B3 had no effect.     

重组蓖麻毒素A链的原核表达和单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及应用

目的 实现重组蓖麻毒素A链(rRTA)的高效表达,获得rRTA的单克隆抗体,建立基于单抗的蓖麻毒素检测方法.方法 用计算机辅助设计的RNA二级结构预测和偏性密码子等手段设计引物;用PCR将rRTA基因克隆至载体pE132a( );用双酶切和DNA测序技术对构建的载体进行鉴定;IFTG诱导rRTA原核表达载体pET32a( )/rRA/BL21,用镍离子亲和层析纯化,ELISA及Westernblot鉴定rRTA蛋白;rRTA免疫Balb/c小鼠,建立杂交瘤细胞株,获得抗rRTA的单克隆抗体,用Westem blot鉴定.结果 构建了rRTA原核表达载体pET32a( )/rRA/BL21,实现了rRTA在大肠杆菌BL21中的高效可溶性表达,获得了高纯度约10～20 mg/L rRTA;获得抗rRTA的单克隆抗体;建立的ricin EIJSA检测方法检出ricin的最低浓度为3.125 ng/mL,目视比色对蓖麻毒素的最低检出浓度为6.25 ng/mL.结论 本研究表达的rRTA及其单克隆抗体和基于单抗的ricin检测方法,将在肿瘤生物治疗、ricin生物恐怖袭击的侦检、治疗和预防中发挥重要作用.     

Recombinant fusion protein for simple detection of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin by GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A recombinant gene fusion protein composed of an Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) peptide epitope fused to the amino end of the cholera toxin B subunit was used to detect STa produced by clinical isolates of enterotoxigenic E. coli (STa-ETEC) by a single monoclonal antibody-based inhibition GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In this test, 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity were observed for use of the recombinant protein in either its purified form or as crude Vibrio cholerae culture supernatants in detection of STa-ETEC.     

Characterization of a novel high-affinity monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody against the ricin B subunit

There is an urgent need for the development of a passive immunotherapy against the category B select agent ricin, a lethal ribosome-inactivating toxin composed of an enzymatic A subunit (RTA) and a single binding B subunit (RTB). To date, only one monoclonal antibody (MAb), a mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG1) against RTA called R70, has been deemed sufficiently potent in animal models to warrant further testing in humans. In this study, we have identified and characterized MAb 24B11, a murine IgG1 directed against RTB. In a Vero cell cytotoxicity assay, 24B11 was approximately two times more effective at neutralizing ricin than was R70. The equilibrium dissociation constants of 24B11 (KD = 4.2 x 10(-9) M) and R70 (KD = 3.2 x 10(-9) M) were virtually identical, suggesting that the difference in neutralization activity between the two MAbs was not due to differing affinities for the toxin. 24B11 blocked ricin attachment to galactoside receptors on primary mouse splenocytes and on the apical surfaces of human mucosal epithelial cell monolayers. Surprisingly, R70 also effectively interfered with ricin attachment to receptors on cell surfaces. Using a phage-displayed peptide library, we determined that 24B11 binds an epitope on RTB adjacent to, but not within, one of the two galactose binding domains. Finally, we demonstrate that R70 and 24B11, when combined, function synergistically to neutralize ricin in vitro, raising the possibility that these two MAbs could serve as a novel immunotherapeutic in vivo.     

Simple and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies for detection of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins.

We have developed a sensitive and specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins consisting of methanol-soluble, suckling mouse active peptides with similar core sequences (STa) by using monoclonal antibodies prepared against STa purified from a human isolate. The assay can detect 3 to 20 pg of purified STa, depending on the monoclonal antibody used in the assay. The assay is rapid, requiring ca. 1 h to complete. With this competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured STa production by enterotoxigenic E. coli directly in Casamino Acid-yeast extract culture supernatants. The assay was suitable for measuring STa in culture supernatants from human, bovine, and porcine E. coli isolates. No cross-reactivity was observed with heat-labile enterotoxin, cholera toxin, or heat-stable enterotoxin STb, which is a methanol-insoluble peptide(s) active in the ligated pig jejunal loop test. A 100% correlation of toxin production was found by comparing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the previously established radioimmunoassay for STa and with suckling mouse activity.     

Cloning, expression, and characterization of a single-domain antibody fragment with affinity for 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol

A single-domain variable heavy chain (V(H)H) antibody fragment specific to the mycotoxin 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON) was obtained after immunization of a llama (Llama glama) with the protein conjugate 15-DON-BSA plus TiterMaxtrade mark Classic adjuvant. After confirmation of a polyclonal response to DON toxin in both conventional (cIgG) and heavy chain antibody (HCAb) fractions, a V(H)H library was constructed from amplified cDNA by nested PCR. V(H)H fragments with binding affinity for the mycotoxin were selected by panning of the phagemid library against microtiter plates coated with 15-DON-OVA. The dominant clone (NAT-267) was expressed in E. coli and was purified as a V(H)H monomer (mNAT-267) at a final concentration of 1.3mgmL(-1). Isolated NAT-267 V(H)H DNA was fused to the homopentamerization domain of the B subunit of verotoxin to generate the pentabody format of single-domain antibody (sAb). The V(H)H pentamer (pNAT-267) was expressed in E. coli and was purified at a final concentration of 1.0mgmL(-1). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of soluble mNAT-267 binding kinetics to immobilized 15-DON-Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) indicated a dissociation constant (K(D)) of 5muM. Competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA) and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) inhibition experiments with monomer and pentamer confirmed binding to 15-AcDON. Competitive inhibition FPAs with mNAT-267 and pNAT-267 determined IC(50) values of 1.24 and 0.50muM, respectively, for 15-AcDON hapten. These values were similar to the IC(50) value of 1.42muM for 15-AcDON given by polyclonal llama serum sampled 56 days after immunization. Competition formats for structurally related trichothecenes resulted in no cross-reactivity to: DON; 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON); neosolaniol (NEO); diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS); and T-2 toxin. Our study confirmed that recombinant V(H)H fragments capable of binding low molecular weight haptens can be produced through the creation and panning of hyper-immunized single-domain (sdAb) libraries.     

人内皮抑素在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及活性研究

目的:表达人内皮抑素蛋白,制备多克隆抗体,检测其生物学活性。方法:采用PCR法扩增人内皮抑素基因,构建pGEX-ES融合表达载体,IPTG(异丙基硫代-β-D半乳糖苷)诱导表达。初步纯化的内皮抑素包含体蛋白制备兔多克隆抗体,Western-blot检测其在小鼠肝、肾等的表达。亲和纯化的内皮抑素蛋白用内皮细胞抑制实验检测其生物学活性。结果:诱导表达的人内皮抑素蛋白经凝血酶酶切后,分子量约为 20kD,具有抑制内皮细胞生长的活性。制备的多克隆抗体检测出内皮抑素在小鼠肝、肾等组织的表达。结论:人内皮抑素的成功表达及抗体制备为抗血管生成治疗实体瘤的研究及检测奠定实验基础.     

Immunoglobulin A antibodies against ricin A and B subunits protect epithelial cells from ricin intoxication

Epithelial cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are extremely vulnerable to the cytotoxic effects of ricin, a Shiga-like toxin with ribosome-inactivating properties. While mucosal immunity to ricin correlates with secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody levels in vivo, the potential of IgA to protect epithelial cells from ricin in vitro has not been examined due to the unavailability of well-defined antitoxin IgA antibodies. Here we report the characterization of four monoclonal IgA antibodies (IgA MAbs) produced from the Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes of BALB/c mice immunized intragastrically with ricin toxoid. Two IgA MAbs (33G2 and 35H6) were active against ricin's lectin subunit (RTB), and two (23D7 and 25A4) reacted with the toxin's enzymatic subunit (RTA). All four IgA MAbs neutralized ricin in a Vero cell cytotoxicity assay, blocked toxin-induced interleukin-8 release by the human monocyte/macrophage cell line 28SC, and protected polarized epithelial cell monolayers from ricin-mediated protein synthesis inhibition. 33G2 and 35H6 reduced ricin binding to the luminal surfaces of human intestinal epithelial cells to undetectable levels in tissue section overlay assays, whereas 23D7 had no effect on toxin attachment. 23D7 and 25A4 did, however, reduce ricin transcytosis across MDCK II cell monolayers, possibly by interfering with intracellular toxin transport. We conclude that IgA antibodies against RTA and RTB can protect mucosal epithelial cells from ricin intoxication.     

Oral immunization with the dodecapeptide repeat of the serine-rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP) fused to the cholera toxin B subunit induces a mucosal and systemic anti-SREHP antibody response.

The intestinal protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica causes amebic dysentery, a major cause of morbidity worldwide. The induction of a mucosal antibody response capable of blocking amebic adhesion to intestinal cells could represent an approach to preventing E. histolytica infection and disease. Here we describe the expression of a chimeric protein containing an immunogenic dodecapeptide derived from the serine-rich E. histolytica protein (SREHP), fused to the cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB). The CtxB-SREHP-12 chimeric protein was purified from Escherichia coli lysates and retained the critical GM1 ganglioside-binding activity of the CtxB moiety. Mice fed the CtxB-SREHP-12 fusion protein along with a subclinical dose of cholera toxin developed mucosal immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G and systemic antibody responses that recognized recombinant and native SREHP. Our study confirms the feasibility of inducing mucosal immune responses to immunogenic peptides by their genetic fusion to the CtxB subunit and identifies the CtxB-SREHP-12 chimeric protein as a candidate oral vaccine to prevent E. histolytica infection.     

组氨酸标签人β干扰素在E.coli BL21(DE3)中的表达、纯化和活性测定

目的 在大肠杆菌中高效表达组氨酸标签与人β干扰素融合蛋白,并进行蛋白纯化和生物活性测定.方法 提取人Bel-7402细胞总DNA为模板,经PCR获得人β干扰素编码基因片段.将此基因插入表达载体pET-16b,重组克隆,经酶切与测序确认后转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),进行IPTG诱导表达和条件优化.表达产物经West...