825例乳腺疾病冷冻切片诊断分析

随着冷冻切片技术和临床外科手术的发展，术中冷冻切片病理诊断的病例数不断增多，临床医师和患者对病理诊断的期望值也相应提高。冷冻切片病理诊断病例以乳腺疾病为最多，笔者总结上海某某基层医院825例乳腺冷冻切片资料，探讨基层医院提高冷冻切片诊断准确性的方法。     

乳腺原发性血管肉瘤的临床及病理学特征

目的探讨乳腺原发性血管肉瘤的临床及病理特点。方法复习5例乳腺原发性血管肉瘤切片,依据2003年WHO乳腺肿瘤组织学分类标准诊断和分级。采用第Ⅷ因子相关抗原、CD31、CD34、雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、细胞角蛋白（cK）及c-erbB-2等抗体进行免疫组织化学SP法染色观察。结果5例患者均以乳腺无痛性肿块为首发症状,术前B超、钼靶检查缺乏特异性诊断。组织学呈多样性表现是乳腺血管肉瘤组织学形态特点。免疫组织化学染色显示,5例血管内皮相关抗原均呈阳性表达,ER、PR、CK及c—erbB-2均阴性。结论乳腺原发性血管肉瘤非常罕见,临床表现缺乏特异性,病理形态多样,诊断困难,血管内皮相关抗原均呈阳性表达对确诊有帮助。     

657例乳腺病变快速冰冻切片病理诊断分析

目的探讨快速冰冻切片在乳腺病变诊断中的临床意义及延迟诊断的原因。方法回顾性分析我院自2004年1月-2008年12月657例乳腺手术中快速冰冻切片的病理诊断资料。结果657例乳腺病变冰冻切片中，确诊病例643例（97．87％），延迟诊断14例（2．13％），无误诊病例。643例确诊病例中，恶性肿瘤394例（61．28％），良性肿瘤78例（12．13％），非肿瘤性病变171例（26．59％）。结论充分肯定快速冰冻切片在乳腺病变诊断中的意义；当冰冻切片中良恶性难以确定时，延迟诊断是必要的。     

北京市第一次免疫组织化学评估活动介绍及总结

免疫组织化学（IHC）已成为病理诊断中不可缺少的辅助手段。质量好的IHC切片可以帮助病理医生做出正确的判断，是诊断的重要参考依据；相反，质量差的，假阳性或假阴性的染色结果会使病理医生产生困惑，甚至误导而做出错误的诊断。IHC制片过程受多种因素的影响，因此IHC的标准化及质量控制是当前亟待解决的问题。为此，在中华医学会病理学分会及北京市医学会病理专业委员会的指导和帮助下，北京病理技术学组决定对临床诊断工作中常用的几十种抗体进行摸底评估。目的是了解目前北京市IHC染色状况，发现其中存在的问题；指导IHC技术工作；寻找不同抗体的最佳操作方法；为IHC标准化及质量控制提供参考依据。     

术中冷冻切片快速免疫组化染色及其应用

随着免疫组化技术的不断改进和标准化试剂盒的出现使免疫组化染色的质量不断提高 ,染色时间大大地缩短 ,同时也使术中冷冻切片的快速免疫组化染色成为可能。笔者尝试用标记的葡聚糖聚合物法 (labeleddextranpolymer,LDP)对 4 4例术中冷冻组织样本进行快速免疫组化染色 ,旨在探讨术中冷冻样本快速免疫组化染色在冷冻组织的快速病理诊断中的作用及其可操作性和实用性。1　材料与方法1.1　材料　收集四川大学华西医院病理科 2 0 0 2年 2～ 3月部分术中冷冻切片快速诊断的组织标本 ,包括 16个解剖部位共 4 4例病变组织。其中乳腺 13例 ,腹腔或…     

全自动冷冻切片机的应用体会

冷冻切片是一种在低温条件下使组织快速冷冻到一定的硬度,然后进行切片的一种技术.随着临床的发展,手术中需要快速病理诊断的病例越来越多,冷冻切片技术对确定手术方案具有积极的临床意义[1].冷冻切片质量的优劣直接关系到病理诊断的准确率,做1张好的切片,除了技术过硬的技术员外,冷冻切片机也起着重要的作用[2,3].本文通过摸索实践,能够使各类组织的快速制片质量达到常规.现将南通市肿瘤医院病理科使用的德国Leica CM1950冷冻切片机应用体会介绍如下.     

乳腺与子宫组织的恒低温冷冻切片方法探讨

冷冻切片在组织学技术中被广泛应用,特别对临床手术患者术中快速病理诊断意义尤其重要,制作一张优良的冷冻切片是术中快速病理诊断的根本保证.但对一些特殊组织如乳腺、子宫颈等组织,要制作出优良的冷冻切片比较困难.     

两种快速脱黑色素的方法

某些含有黑色素的肿瘤，由于肿瘤细胞中含有大量的黑色素，在冷冻切片染色中，大量色素遮盖了肿瘤的组织结构，无法正确做出诊断，必须进行脱色素处理。传统的脱黑色素疗法，耗时长（2～3h），易脱片，不适宜冷冻切片的诊断。我科采用快速脱黑色素法，不仅能够在1—8min内脱掉组织中的黑色素而且能够满足诊断要求，避免了因术中诊断不明确而造成的患者的二次手术，并且该方法适用于石蜡切片、免疫组化切片快速的脱色素。     

乳腺手术中细胞印片的病理诊断价值

手术中快速病理诊断方法包括冷冻切片、快速石蜡切片和细胞学诊断。由于冷冻切片机设备的不断改进,使冷冻切片质量有了保证,加上具有操作时间短等优点而被广泛应用。快速石蜡切片由于操作步骤较烦琐,时间较长而很少被应用。细胞印片技术操作简单,在更短时间内即可对所送标本做出定性诊断。我们通过对772例术中乳腺标本分别进行细胞印片和冷冻切片检查,并对二者进行比较,探讨细胞印片法在乳腺块中的应用价值。     

提高快速石蜡切片质量的方法和经验体会

随着外科技术的发展 ,手术中需要作快速病理诊断的病例越来越多 ,为了明确疾病的性质 ,确定下一步手术方案 ,手术中的快速病理诊断结果外科治疗有直接影响。优质的快速病理切片是准确病理诊断的最可靠保障〔1～ 4〕。目前快速病理切片技术有两种方法 :冷冻切片和快速石蜡切片。国内外目前多采用冷冻切片〔1～ 4〕。优质冷冻切片制作难度大 ,常有组织学假象 ,难辩认而易发生误诊。快速石蜡切片质量好 ,接近常规ＨＥ切片 ,易观察及诊断 ,当然快速石蜡制片不熟练时常难以制出质量优良的切片。快速石蜡切片常用的方法有 3种 :负压处理法、电炉加…     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

侧脑室注射链脲佐菌素对大鼠海马神经元突触的影响

为观察链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)双侧侧脑室注射对大鼠海马神经元突触的影响,本研究将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和模型组,模型组大鼠分别于第1、3d双侧侧脑室重复注射STZ3mg/kg,对照组以人工脑脊液代替STZ。21d后,取大鼠海马,免疫组织化学染色及Western blotting方法观察突触素、活性调节细胞骨架相关蛋白(activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associatedprotein,Arc)的表达;电镜观察海马CA1区神经元突触超微结构的改变。结果显示:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠海马内突触素蛋白表达显著减少,而Arc蛋白表达显著增多;模型组海马CA1区神经毡内突触结构异常,突触小泡聚集增多。以上结果提示:脑室注射STZ可影响大鼠海马突触相关蛋白的表达,引起突触超微结构异常,干扰了神经元突触信号的传导。     

Effect of conditions of culture on quantitative assessment of viability of living tissues

The viability of tissue explants of mouse kidneys, estimated quantitatively by growth in plasma-free culture, was shown to depend on several factors connected with the conditions of culture. The effect of methods of treatment of the serum, pH of the medium, and the character of distribution of the tissue explant during culture, the size of the explants, and the firmness of attachment of the tissue fragments to the substrate on this index was demonstrated.Problem Laboratory, Arkhangel'sk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 629–631, November, 1978.     

社区精神分裂症病人照料者的生活质量研究

通过对９３名精神分裂症患者的家庭照料者与１００名对照者比较研究表明，照料者的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能与经济状况都显著差于对照者。照料者的生活质量与被照料者的病期、病情严重度、整体功能、药物副作用有关；同时，照料者身份为患者母亲者其生活质量受影响最大。     

Evaluation of fungicidal activity of extracellular filtrates of cyanobacteria--possible role of hydrolytic enzymes

A set of seventy axenised and unicyanobacterial isolates belonging to the genus Anabaena were evaluated for biocidal activity against a set of phytopathogenic fungi. Among them, 35 Anabaena strains showed zone of inhibition against one or more fungi. The extracellular filtrates from 4 and 8 weeks old cultures of these Anabaena strains were further evaluated in terms of hydrolytic enzymes, proteins and IAA employing standard methods. Significant differences were also observed among the strains in terms of their FPase, chitosanase and xylanase activity, while low and relatively similar values of CMCase, cellobiase and protease activity were recorded in the strains analyzed. IAA production was also observed in all the strains. Comparative evaluation of activity of hydrolytic enzymes and antifungal activity revealed that such enzymes may contribute to the fungicidal activity of the cyanobacterial strains, besides other bioactive compounds, including IAA, which are established promising traits for biocontrol agents. This study is a first time report on the production of hydrolytic enzymes by these oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, which can be potential candidates for the development of biocontrol agent(s) against selected phytopathogenic fungi.     

Effect of ultralow doses of thyroliberin on microviscosity of lipid components of biological membranes

Effects of the regulatory peptide thyroliberin on microviscosity of lipid components of endoplasmic reticulum biological membranes in mouse hepatocytes were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance. Thyroliberin in a concentration of 10⁻³–10⁻¹⁸ M decreased microviscosity of surface layers of membrane lipids. This decrease was the most pronounced (30%) under effects of 10⁻¹⁰ and 10⁻¹⁶ M thyroliberin. Physiological effects of thyroliberin corresponded to its influence on the membrane structure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 38–40, January, 2000     

Effect of route of antitoxin administration on efficacy of treatment of experimental tetanus

The efficacy of treatment with Diaform-3 antitoxin, given by either intracisternal or intralumbar injection in a dose of 400 i.u./kg, was compared in experiments on 100 rabbits with ascending, hematogenous, and cerebral tetanus caused by injection of 1 c.l.d. of tetanus toxin. Intracisternal injection of the antitoxin was found to be three times more effective than intralumbar (the proportion of animals cured was 31.4 and 10.2% respectively). The latter was effective only in animals with ascending tetanus, evidently because the portal of entry of the toxin into the CNS was along the peripheral nerves of the hind limbs.Central Research Laboratory, L'vov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 8, pp. 212–213, August, 1978.