掌部小切口腕管松解术的应用解剖

目的：为掌部小切口腕管松解术提供解剖学基础。方法：在１６侧（男４,女１２）成人新鲜上肢标本上,对屈肌支持带、正中神经及其分支、掌浅弓、尺神经和尺动脉在腕掌部的位置和走行进行了观察与定位。结果：发现手掌部第三指蹼与掌长肌腱尺侧缘的连线上,掌浅弓与屈肌支持带下缘之间存在一个能避开重要结构进入腕管的安全区域,设计了掌部小切口腕管松解术,临床应用５２例,效果满意。结论：掌部小切口腕管松解术安全、简单、有效     

正中神经返支卡压及易损伤部位的解剖学基础

目的：探讨腕管综合征术后大鱼际功能恢复不良的原因与返支易损伤部位。方法：对20侧成人新鲜上肢标本进行显微解剖，观测正中神经返支走行中存在的卡压因素以及易损伤部位。结果：(1)拇短屈肌浅头尺侧存在腱弓及腱纤维束结构，对正中神经返支形成卡压；(2)住屈肌支持带远侧返支与掌腱膜关系密切，在此部位掌腱膜可对返支形成卡压或术中易误伤返支；(3)走行中返支与拇长屈肌腱和示指屈肌腱存在交叉走行关系。结论：(1)返支走行中存在易卡压因素，治疗腕管综合征时应常规探查松解返支；(2)涉及拇长屈肌腱，示指屈肌腱和掌腱膜手术时，应注意防止损伤返支。     

安全角引导小切口掌腱膜下腕横韧带切开治疗腕管综合征

目的　探讨在安全角引导小切口掌腱膜下腕横韧带切开治疗腕管综合征的临床疗效。 方法　自2015年6月~2018年6月,采用在安全角引导小切口掌腱膜下腕横韧带切开术,治疗腕管综合征105例,112侧,直视下正中神经外膜松解14侧。 结果　所有切口均一期愈合,手掌瘢痕轻微,无手术并发症。112 侧获得随访,时间6~24 个月, Kelly分级评定：优93侧,良15侧,一般4侧,优良率93.1 %。 结论　安全角引导小切口掌腱膜下腕横韧带切开是治疗腕管综合征理想的微创手术之一。术式简单、安全,能达到腕管减压,神经松解的治疗要求。     

安全角引导小切口掌腱膜下腕横韧带切开治疗腕管综合征

目的　探讨在安全角引导小切口掌腱膜下腕横韧带切开治疗腕管综合征的临床疗效。 方法　自2015年6月~2018年6月,采用在安全角引导小切口掌腱膜下腕横韧带切开术,治疗腕管综合征105例,112侧,直视下正中神经外膜松解14侧。 结果　所有切口均一期愈合,手掌瘢痕轻微,无手术并发症。112 侧获得随访,时间6~24 个月, Kelly分级评定：优93侧,良15侧,一般4侧,优良率93.1 %。 结论　安全角引导小切口掌腱膜下腕横韧带切开是治疗腕管综合征理想的微创手术之一。术式简单、安全,能达到腕管减压,神经松解的治疗要求。     

正中腕屈肌1例

正我们在制作上肢标本的过程中,发现1例左侧上肢前臂的腕屈肌变异,在桡侧腕屈肌和尺侧腕屈肌之间存在正中腕屈肌,此变异罕见。现报道如下:标本为成年男性,体长180 cm,体型微胖,经10%福尔马林固定。解剖左侧前臂前区及腕前区、手掌等局部,游标卡尺测量局部结构。发现左侧掌长肌细小,肌腹最宽处宽0.64 cm,肌腱长13.85 cm,远端散入掌腱膜。尺侧腕屈肌和桡侧腕屈肌均正常。在尺侧腕屈     

腕掌侧双通道改良手术入路治疗桡尺骨远端骨折的解剖学基础

目的　报道腕掌侧双通道入路治疗桡尺骨远端骨折的应用解剖学基础。 方法 10侧新鲜成人尸体上肢标本,于腕掌侧在桡侧腕屈肌腱与掌长肌腱之间做纵行切口,进入皮下后向桡侧、尺侧绕过腕管内结构,通过双通道入路来观测桡骨、尺骨远端的暴露情况。 结果 在腕横纹上方3.0 cm水平,桡侧通路牵拉最大横向暴露距离为(3.0±0.29) cm,尺侧通路牵拉最大横向暴露距离为(2.3±0.26) cm,桡侧通路暴露桡骨远端尺侧半效果欠佳,而尺侧通路可以有效暴露桡骨远端尺侧半及尺骨远端。 结论 腕掌侧双通道改良手术入路治疗桡尺骨远端骨折具有可行性,暴露效果良好,值得在临床上推广。     

示指浅屈肌一例

作者在解剖手标本时,观察到手掌部有一变异肌,现报导如下:本例系男性成人手标本。右手,于第一蚓状肌尺侧,尺侧滑囊浅面有一变异的梭形肌通过腕管下行。肌腹长8.10cm,肌腹最宽处横径1.22cm。此肌以腱纤维起于指浅屈肌肌外膜,紧贴肌外膜表面集中成3.10cm长的条索状腱,于腕横韧带上缘附近移行肌腹,在第一、二蚓状肌间下     

腕关节镜掌侧入路安全区的临床解剖学研究

目的 解剖观察与腕关节镜掌侧入路建立相关的腕部结构,探索建立入路的安全区域.方法采用8例防腐标本和2例新鲜标本,模拟手术“由内向外”操作,标识掌侧入路,测量与掌侧入路建立有关的1/2、6R、6U入路和VR、VR’、VU入路与周围重要结构的最近距离.结果 1/2入路与桡神经浅支的最近距离是( 2.4± 1.5 )mm.6U、6R入路与尺神经腕背支的最近距离是(16.2±1.3 )mm和(9.0±2.4)mm.VR、VR’入路与正中神经掌皮支的最近距离是(6.7±1.1)mm和(2.8±0.9 )mm,与桡动脉的最近距离是( 6.3±4.0 )mm和(10.0±3.4 )mm,并且均穿过桡侧腕屈肌腱的基底部.VU入路与尺动脉和指深屈肌腱的最近距离是(3.3±1.4)mm和( 0.3±0.5 )mm.结论 腕关节镜掌侧入路的建立有一定的安全区域.     

掌长肌缺如伴发自尺动脉的正中动脉吻合成掌浅弓1例

掌长肌缺如和掌浅弓组成的形式变异分别均早有记载 ,但右侧掌长肌缺如伴发自尺动脉的正中动脉吻合成掌浅弓的变异少见 ,作者在解剖一例 10岁男童标本时遇见 1例 ,现报道如下。右侧掌长肌缺如 ,掌腱膜近端附着于桡侧腕屈肌腱尺侧缘上 (图 1) ,其远端和左侧掌长肌未见异常。右侧正中动脉 ,在距肱骨内、外上髁连线中点下方 3.5ｃｍ处发自尺动脉桡侧 ,外径 2ｍｍ(图 2 ) ,穿经指浅、深屈肌间下行 2ｃｍ(距肱骨内、外上髁连线中点下方 5 .5ｃｍ)处与正中神经伴行于桡侧腕屈肌与指浅屈肌之间的深面 ,然后经腕管入手掌 ,达掌腱膜深面 ,正中神经的指…     

尺动脉近段穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣的解剖基础

目的　为尺动脉近段穿支蒂前臂内侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣提供解剖学基础。 方法　在30侧动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人上肢标本上解剖观测：①前臂内侧皮神经的走行与分布;②尺动脉近段穿支与前臂内侧皮神经营养血管间吻合关系。另在1侧新鲜标本上进行摹拟手术设计。 结果　①前臂内侧皮神经前支较粗长,与贵要静脉伴行,在前臂沿尺侧腕屈肌内侧缘或尺侧腕屈肌与掌长肌肌腱之间的浅筋膜中下行,分布于前臂掌面尺侧,远侧可达腕横纹;②营养血管为多节段、多源性,其中尺动脉近段穿支的位置相对恒定,自尺动脉起始后,先经指浅、深屈肌之间,后沿指浅屈肌与尺侧腕屈肌之间下行,在肱骨内上髁下8.7 cm处穿过深筋膜浅出至皮下组织中,并分出众多的细小血管与前臂内侧皮神经的神经旁和神经干血管链的分支密切吻合,在指浅屈肌与尺侧腕屈肌之间形成顺沿肌间隙和前臂内侧皮神经纵轴的血管丛。穿支蒂干长( 2.0±0.2) cm, 外径( 0.9±0.2) mm。 结论　可形成尺动脉近段穿支蒂前臂内侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣转位修复肘部软组织缺损。     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

侧脑室注射链脲佐菌素对大鼠海马神经元突触的影响

为观察链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)双侧侧脑室注射对大鼠海马神经元突触的影响,本研究将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和模型组,模型组大鼠分别于第1、3d双侧侧脑室重复注射STZ3mg/kg,对照组以人工脑脊液代替STZ。21d后,取大鼠海马,免疫组织化学染色及Western blotting方法观察突触素、活性调节细胞骨架相关蛋白(activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associatedprotein,Arc)的表达;电镜观察海马CA1区神经元突触超微结构的改变。结果显示:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠海马内突触素蛋白表达显著减少,而Arc蛋白表达显著增多;模型组海马CA1区神经毡内突触结构异常,突触小泡聚集增多。以上结果提示:脑室注射STZ可影响大鼠海马突触相关蛋白的表达,引起突触超微结构异常,干扰了神经元突触信号的传导。     

Effect of conditions of culture on quantitative assessment of viability of living tissues

The viability of tissue explants of mouse kidneys, estimated quantitatively by growth in plasma-free culture, was shown to depend on several factors connected with the conditions of culture. The effect of methods of treatment of the serum, pH of the medium, and the character of distribution of the tissue explant during culture, the size of the explants, and the firmness of attachment of the tissue fragments to the substrate on this index was demonstrated.Problem Laboratory, Arkhangel'sk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 629–631, November, 1978.     

社区精神分裂症病人照料者的生活质量研究

通过对９３名精神分裂症患者的家庭照料者与１００名对照者比较研究表明，照料者的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能与经济状况都显著差于对照者。照料者的生活质量与被照料者的病期、病情严重度、整体功能、药物副作用有关；同时，照料者身份为患者母亲者其生活质量受影响最大。     

Evaluation of fungicidal activity of extracellular filtrates of cyanobacteria--possible role of hydrolytic enzymes

A set of seventy axenised and unicyanobacterial isolates belonging to the genus Anabaena were evaluated for biocidal activity against a set of phytopathogenic fungi. Among them, 35 Anabaena strains showed zone of inhibition against one or more fungi. The extracellular filtrates from 4 and 8 weeks old cultures of these Anabaena strains were further evaluated in terms of hydrolytic enzymes, proteins and IAA employing standard methods. Significant differences were also observed among the strains in terms of their FPase, chitosanase and xylanase activity, while low and relatively similar values of CMCase, cellobiase and protease activity were recorded in the strains analyzed. IAA production was also observed in all the strains. Comparative evaluation of activity of hydrolytic enzymes and antifungal activity revealed that such enzymes may contribute to the fungicidal activity of the cyanobacterial strains, besides other bioactive compounds, including IAA, which are established promising traits for biocontrol agents. This study is a first time report on the production of hydrolytic enzymes by these oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, which can be potential candidates for the development of biocontrol agent(s) against selected phytopathogenic fungi.     

Effect of ultralow doses of thyroliberin on microviscosity of lipid components of biological membranes

Effects of the regulatory peptide thyroliberin on microviscosity of lipid components of endoplasmic reticulum biological membranes in mouse hepatocytes were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance. Thyroliberin in a concentration of 10⁻³–10⁻¹⁸ M decreased microviscosity of surface layers of membrane lipids. This decrease was the most pronounced (30%) under effects of 10⁻¹⁰ and 10⁻¹⁶ M thyroliberin. Physiological effects of thyroliberin corresponded to its influence on the membrane structure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 38–40, January, 2000     

Effect of route of antitoxin administration on efficacy of treatment of experimental tetanus

The efficacy of treatment with Diaform-3 antitoxin, given by either intracisternal or intralumbar injection in a dose of 400 i.u./kg, was compared in experiments on 100 rabbits with ascending, hematogenous, and cerebral tetanus caused by injection of 1 c.l.d. of tetanus toxin. Intracisternal injection of the antitoxin was found to be three times more effective than intralumbar (the proportion of animals cured was 31.4 and 10.2% respectively). The latter was effective only in animals with ascending tetanus, evidently because the portal of entry of the toxin into the CNS was along the peripheral nerves of the hind limbs.Central Research Laboratory, L'vov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 8, pp. 212–213, August, 1978.