基于DE2开发板扩展接口的高速AD/DA子板的研制

目的具有强大数字信号处理能力的DE2开发板在高速模拟信号处理应用中,需要结合高速AD／DA子板进行工作,而现有子板价格昂贵且采样速率有限,需要研制专用的高速AD／DA子板。方法基于DE2开发板的扩展接口进行子板设计：AD采用AD9230;DA采用AD9708;采用高级时钟芯片AD9517以满足高速AD／DA转换对高质量时钟的要求;子板使用双面板制作以降低成本。结果实验结果表明,结合DE2开发板,该子板可采样高速模拟信号,同时输出高质量模拟信号。结论研制成功的高速AD／DA子板,适合于在高速模拟信号处理中应用。     

阿司匹林对高糖和高胰岛素诱导的血管平滑肌细胞内iNOS含量的影响

目的:探讨阿司匹林对高糖和高胰岛素诱导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vasculersmoothmusclecells,VSMCs)内诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)含量变化的影响,以及高糖、高胰岛素状态下细胞内iNOS含量变化与上清液中NO含量变化的相关性。方法:组织贴块法原代培养大鼠胸主动脉VSMCs,用阿司匹林干预高糖和高胰岛素诱导后的VSMCs。实验设正常对照组(CON组)、高糖组(HG组)、高胰岛素组(HI组)、高糖和高胰岛素组(HGI组)、阿司匹林2.50mmol/L+HG组(AHG组)、阿司匹林2.50 mmol/L+HI组(AHI组)、阿司匹林2.50 mmol/L+HGI组(AHGI组),每组样本数为6。应用大鼠iNOS ELISA试剂盒检测细胞内iNOS的变化情况(OD值),NO试剂盒检测培养基上清液中NO含量,并分析高糖、高胰岛素状态下两者的相关性。结果:高糖、高胰岛素均能使VSMCs内iNOS含量减低(P<0.05),高糖和高胰岛素联合能使VSMCs内iNOS含量明显减低(P<0.01);阿司匹林能使高糖、高胰岛素刺激后VSMCs内iNOS含量升高(P<0.05),并能显著提高高糖和高胰岛素联合刺激后VSMCs内iNOS含量(P<0.01)。高糖、高胰岛素、高糖和高胰岛素联合均能使培养基上清液中NO含量减低(P<0.05);阿司匹林能提升上述三者刺激后上清液中NO含量(P<0.05)。HGI组中iNOS的降低与上清液中NO的降低、AHGI组iNOS的升高与上清液中NO的升高并不表现出相关性(r=0.778,r=0.632,均P>0.05)。结论:阿司匹林能提高高糖和高胰岛素联合刺激后VSMCs内iNOS的含量,并能提高培养液中NO的含量,但细胞内iNOS含量可能不是决定培养液中NO含量的唯一因素。     

Memory performance of hypercholesterolemic mice in response to treatment with soy isoflavones

The aim of this study is to investigate the memory performance of hypercholesterolemic mice in response to soy isoflavones (SI) treatment and the mechanism involved. In this study, 64 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, high lipid diet without SI, high lipid diet with a low SI level (50 mg/kg bw) and high lipid diet with a high SI level (100 mg/kg bw). The experimental period was 30 days. The results indicated that the mice given the different treatments showed the different percentages of good, medium and poor memory performance. chi(2) analysis revealed significant difference in memory performance (P<0.05) between the high lipid diet without SI group and the high lipid diet with a low SI level group or high lipid diet with a high SI level group. Moreover, SI treatment resulted in a decrease in blood cholesterol (TC) level (high lipid diet without SI group versus high lipid diet with a low SI level group or high lipid diet with a high SI level group, P<0.05) and triglyceride (TG) level (high lipid diet without SI group versus high lipid diet with a low SI level group or high lipid diet with a high SI level group, P<0.05). In addition, SI treatment resulted in a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and significant increases in glutamic acid and aspartic acid contents in the frontal cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The results suggest that SI improve the memory performance of hypercholesterolemic mice, and the mechanism underlying the improvement might closely correlate with its roles in decreasing high blood lipid levels and modulating the metabolism of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and amino acids in brain areas of hypercholesterolemic mice.     

Window pane condensation and high indoor vapour contribution − markers of an unhealthy indoor climate?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether window pane condensation and indoor vapour contribution >/= 3 g/m3 could be used as indicators of defective air change rate, high indoor humidity and high mite allergen concentration in mattress dust. METHODS: Actual ventilation rate, indoor temperature, air humidity (AIH/RH) and concentrations of mite allergen were measured in 59 houses and compared with received outdoor temperatures and air humidity. Indoor vapour contribution defined as the difference between the indoor and the outdoor vapour concentration was calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy were calculated for window pane condensation and high vapour contribution (>/= 3 g/m3), as indicators of defective ventilation (< 0.5 ACH), high indoor humidity (>/= 7 g/kg and >/= 45% RH) and high mite allergen concentration in mattress dust (>/= 2 microg/g). RESULTS: All houses with high humidity and high mite allergen concentrations were positive for the two indicators (high sensitivity), but with a specificity of only 50% so that half of the houses with reported condensation and high vapour contribution turned out to be low pollution houses with adequate high ventilation levels. Both indicators had high negative predictive values and absence of the two indicators almost certainly (97-100%) excluded high indoor pollution with high humidity and high mite concentrations. Overall more than 70% of the dwellings were correctly classified by the two indicators. CONCLUSION: Absence of window pane condensation on double-glazed windows and low indoor vapour contribution (< 3 g/m3) during the winter are true markers of a dwelling without high indoor air humidity and without high mite allergen concentrations in mattress dust in houses in a cold temperate climate with subzero outdoor temperatures. The presence of the two indicators is associated with a 18-45% risk of high humidity and mite allergen concentrations so in this latter group further measurements are needed for correct classification.     

Studies on the development of an insulin resistant rat model by chronic feeding of low magnesium high sucrose diet.

Magnesium deficiency and excess sucrose in the diet have been shown to play an important role in the development of insulin resistance. In the present study we have looked at the combined effect of a low magnesium high sucrose diet on basal glucose and insulin levels, erythrocyte insulin receptors and lipid profile in rats. For this purpose rats were divided into four groups and fed control, low magnesium, high sucrose and low magnesium high sucrose diets respectively for three months. The biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in blood glucose and triglyceride levels after one, two and three months of feeding in both the high sucrose and the low magnesium high sucrose groups, while rats fed a low magnesium diet showed a significant increase in blood glucose and triglyceride levels only after the second month. Insulin levels increased significantly in low magnesium, high sucrose and low magnesium high sucrose groups by the end of the study period. Compared to control rats, the binding of insulin to the erythrocyte insulin receptors was reduced significantly in the high sucrose and the low magnesium high sucrose groups. Cholesterol levels were found to increase significantly in the high sucrose group at the end of one month and three months of feeding. HDL-cholesterol decreased significantly in the low magnesium high sucrose group by the end of the study. Serum and RBC magnesium levels demonstrated a significant decrease in the low magnesium and the low magnesium high sucrose groups. The post heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity was decreased significantly in low magnesium, high sucrose and low magnesium high sucrose groups compared to control rats. These findings suggest that feeding a diet low in magnesium and high in sucrose causes insulin resistance in rats.     

采用遗传学新技术研究高原习服适应的遗传机制

高原医学主要的研究内容包括高原习服适应机制及促习服措施,高原病发病机制及防治措施,提高高原劳动能力的措施.目前随着外显子测序、全基因组关联分析等遗传学新技术的发展,并广泛渗透到高原医学的各项科研工作中,逐步揭示着高原习服适应的遗传机制.     

采用遗传学新技术研究高原习服适应的遗传机制

高原医学主要的研究内容包括高原习服适应机制及促习服措施,高原病发病机制及防治措施,提高高原劳动能力的措施.目前随着外显子测序、全基因组关联分析等遗传学新技术的发展,并广泛渗透到高原医学的各项科研工作中,逐步揭示着高原习服适应的遗传机制.

Abstract：

Some of important aspectes of researches within high altitude medicine include: mechanisms of high altitude acclimatization/adaptation and measures to promote high altitude acclimatization; altitude sickness pathogenesis and prevention measures; and mearsures to improve the ability to work at high altitude. The development of high altitude medicine has been promoted via the advances in following: current development of new technologies in genetics such as: exon sequencing, whole genome asaociation analysis, and extensive application of these new techniques into the research fields of high altitude medicine.     

Atherosclerosis induced by diabetogenic diet in New Zealand white rabbits

Atherosclerosis induced by diabetogenic diet in New Zealand white rabbits     

自尊异质性研究进展

大量研究从实证的角度发现自尊并非只有高低之分,其性质不是单一的,而是存在多种类型,高自尊者的行为比低自尊者更为复杂,并至少存在两种不同类型的高自尊:安全高自尊和脆弱高自尊,而脆弱高自尊又包括防御高自尊、条件高自尊、不稳定高自尊和不一致高自尊四种形式。自尊异质性日益受到关注,研究者们纷纷对其概念、影响因素及测量方法诸多方面进行了论述,并与心理健康、人格障碍等联系起来进行了实证研究。这些研究均说明区别讨论脆弱高自尊和安全高自尊是有现实临床意义的,但几种自尊类型的相互关系、均衡性及概念的异质性等都需要在未来的研究中加以注意。     

Behavioral stress potentiates the blood pressure effects of a high sodium intake.

The present study examined the blood pressure effects of a high sodium intake administered during two levels of behavioral stress. In this double-blind study, 32 medical students were randomly assigned to receive either sodium chloride (high sodium) or placebo tablets (usual sodium). Resting blood pressure and body weight were recorded across a 14-day period preceding examinations (high stress) and during the summer when academic demands were reduced (low stress). The high sodium intake during the high stress period was associated with greater elevations in resting systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure than either the usual sodium intake during the high stress period or the high sodium intake during a low stress period. These findings suggest that behaviorally induced neuroendocrine responses can potentiate a blood pressure response to a high sodium intake.     

不同海拔梯度暴露下对小鼠脑内ET和NO释放的影响及其与脑水肿的关系

目的 探讨高原性脑水肿的发生与脑内ET和NO释放量的关系。方法 将小鼠置于不同海拔梯度下和高海拔区不同时间暴露下分别测定脑组织中ET和NO含量及脑含水量。结果 在急进高原初期脑内ET释放量明显增高,NO／ET比值变小,进入高海拔区3d后陡然下降;NO的释放量在进入高原的前10d都呈明显增高趋势,NO／ET比值明显增大,进入高原13d后脑内NO释放量开始下降。脑含水量和脑湿干比值以进入高原第9d最高。脑含水量与脑内NO含量之间有显著的相关关系。结论 急进高海拔区后脑内NO的过度释放与高原脑水肿有直接关系。     

Peruvian contributions to the study on human reproduction at high altitude: from the chronicles of the Spanish conquest to the present

Humans have lived in the Peruvian Andes for about 12,000 years providing adequate time for adaptation to high altitude to have occurred. The arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century potentially altered this process through genetic admixture. Early records revealed a potential for reduced fertility and a high perinatal and neonatal mortality amongst the early Spanish inhabitants who settled at high altitude when compared to the native Inca population. It appears that fertility is reduced during acute exposure at high altitude but is normal in populations born and living at high altitude. On the other hand, perinatal and neonatal mortality is presently still high at elevated altitudes, even after taking into account socio-economic status. The rates of perinatal and neonatal mortality are, however, lower in populations that have resided at high altitude for longer; populations inhabiting the southern Andes have a longer antiquity at high altitude and lower rates of fetal and neonatal deaths than those in the central Andes with a shorter residence at high altitude. Clearly, antiquity and genetics are important components in determining survival and quality of life at high altitude.     

Self-conciousness and conformity: moderating effects of conformity motives and task-interest

This study investigated the relationship between self-consciousness and conforming behavior, with conformity motives and task-interest as their moderator variables. One hundred fifty-six (156) participants were asked to imagine themselves in a hypothetical conforming situation, and estimate the probability of their conforming behavior and various conformity motives behind it, as well as their interest in the task. They also completed Self-Consciousness Scale. Among low task-interest participants, those high on private self-consciousness conformed more than the low if either motive for avoidance of isolation or motive for fairness was high, while those high on public self-consciousness conformed more than the low if motive for avoidance of isolation was high. Among high task-interest participants, those high on private self-consciousness conformed less than the low, while those high on public self-consciousness conformed more than the low if motive for fairness was high. The relationship between conformity motives and standards of behavior was discussed.     

Codevelopment of externalizing and internalizing problems in early childhood

Using cross-domain latent growth modeling, we examined trajectories of externalizing and internalizing problems in disadvantaged boys followed from ages 2 to 6 years (N = 303). On average, externalizing problems gradually decreased and internalizing problems gradually increased. However, we found significant variability in individual-level trajectories. Higher levels of externalizing problems were associated with higher levels of internalizing problems; rates of change were also positively correlated across domains. In addition, high levels of externalizing problems predicted rapid increases in internalizing problems. In follow-up analyses involving child and parenting factors, the combination of high negative emotionality, low fearfulness, and high negative maternal control preceded high, nondecreasing externalizing trajectories. The combination of high negative emotionality, high fearfulness, and high negative maternal control preceded high, increasing internalizing trajectories. Taken together, the results indicate both general and specific processes in the development of early externalizing and internalizing problems.     

中学校长主观幸福感与人格特征的关系研究

目的探讨中学校长的主观幸福感与人格特征的关系。方法采用总体幸福感量表和艾森克人格问卷对94名中学校长进行问卷调查。结果中学校长的主观幸福感总体上没有差异；主观幸福感与神经质显著负相关。结论外向性和神经质等人格特征是影响中学校长幸福感的重要因素     

高糖及高胰岛素对人血管平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移及miR-145水平的影响

目的探讨高血糖和高胰岛素对人miR-145水平的影响。方法将人血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)分为正常组、高糖组(25 mmol/L)、高胰岛素组(300 m U/L)和高糖高胰岛素组,各组细胞培养72 h后,用real-time PCR测定各组VSMC中miR-145的水平;用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法及细胞划痕法分别测定VSMC的增殖及迁移。miR-145病毒转染VSMC 48 h后,再分为上述4组,用上述方法测定病毒转染后VSMC的增殖与迁移。结果与正常组相比,其他3组miR-145水平均不同程度下降(P0.05),尤以高糖高胰岛素组下降最明显(P0.01);高糖及高胰岛素促进VSMC的增殖和迁移。miR-145病毒转染后,各组VSMC的增殖和迁移均较转染前明显降低(P0.05)。结论高血糖及高胰岛素降低VSMC中miR-145的表达,miR-145的过表达可抑制VSMC的增殖和迁移。     

唐氏综合征产前血清学筛查高风险与染色体异常的关系

目的探讨联合高龄和超声异常因素对唐氏综合征产前血清学筛查检出染色体异常的影响。方法对2005年1月至2010年4月1598例因唐氏综合征产前血清学筛查高风险来中山大学附属第一医院就诊的患者行胎儿染色体核型分析,分成血清学筛查高风险组、血清学筛查高风险合并高龄组、血清学筛查高风险合并超声异常组和血清学筛查高风险合并高龄、超声异常组4组,分析和比较各组染色体异常检出情况。结果血清学筛查高风险合并高龄、超声异常组和血清学筛查高风险合并超声异常组的21三体阳性率和染色体异常率均显著高于血清学筛查高风险组;血清学筛查高风险合并高龄组的21三体阳性率和染色体异常率与血清学筛查高风险组的差异无统计学意义;血清学筛查高风险合并高龄、超声异常组的21三体阳性率显著高于血清学筛查高风险合并超声异常组。结论唐氏综合征产前血清学筛查高风险合并其他产前诊断指征越多,患唐氏综合征的可能性越大,其中超声异常影响最大,高龄影响较小。     

高中生适应状况及其相关因素分析

目的了解高中生适应状况及其影畸因素，为提高高中生适应能力提供依据。方法采用《教师期望量表》（TEQ）、《教养方式量表》（EMBU）、《社会支持量表》（SSQ）以及《中学生心理素质量表》（AQ）中学习适应、生活适应、人际适应对340名高中生进行测定。结果①高中生学习适应得分明显低于生活适应和人际适应得分；②父母教养方式（除专制外）、教师期望、社会支持与高中生学习适应存在显著的相关；父母教养中的权威和放任与高中生生活适应存在显著的相关；教师态度和社会支持的各个维度与人际适应存在显著的正相关；③教师行为、支持利用度、父母权威可以作为高中生学习适应的预测变量，预测力为17％；父母权威可以作为生活适应的一个预测变量，预测力为1％；支持利用度、主观支持、客观支持可以作为人际适应的预测变量，预测力为15％。结论高中生学习适应的得分较低，且不同适应类型的相关因素有所不同。     

Bulimia: Prevalence Estimates in Female Junior High and High School Students

Examined the prevalence of bulimia in female junior high and high school students residing in an agricultural community within a large, rural catchment area. We conducted follow-up interviews with subgroups of clinical and control participants screened for bulimia by self-report measures. Corroborating interview data showed that the overall prevalence of bulimia was greater than 1.7%. Sole reliance on established cutoff scores from the Bulimia Test suggests estimates of about 2 % for female junior high school students and 4% for female high school students. Although bulimia appears to be somewhat more common in high school, few differences between female junior high and high school students were found in the prevalence of extreme dieting behaviors (e.g., self-induced vomiting).     

Preference for high carbohydrate over various high fat diets by diabetic rats

Streptozotocin-diabetic male rats were hyperphagic relative to nondiabetic controls when offered only high carbohydrate (CHO) laboratory chow. Diabetics and controls ate about the same amount of high fat diets made from 67% w/w chow and 33% either coconut oil (saturated) or safflower oil (unsaturated). However, when offered a simultaneous choice of high fat diets and chow, nondiabetics and low dose (35 mg/kg) streptozotocin-diabetics showed a preference for the high fat diet: in contrast the high dose (65 mg/kg) streptozotocin diabetics developed a preference for chow. When pairs of isocaloric synthetic diets were offered, diabetics again preferred low fat/high CHO to high fat/low CHO diets, but the actual intake of fat was not constant across different diet pairs. Nondiabetics also selected away from the high fat diets in these synthetic diet pairs, even when saccharin was added to the high fat diet in an attempt to equate its sweetness with that of the paired low fat-high CHO diet. Plasma ketone levels of diabetics during obligatory high fat diet consumption were negatively correlated with their subsequent preference for the fat diet over simultaneously-offered chow. These data show that strong dietary preferences do not develop for fat in diabetics and suggest that high fat diets do not have net beneficial postingestional effects in these rats.