GRIM-19在小鼠植入前胚胎中的表达及其作用

目的 通过研究干扰素/维甲酸联合应用诱导细胞凋亡相关基因 (GRIM-19)在小鼠植入前胚胎中的表达及其与胚胎质量之间的相关性,探讨GRIM-19在小鼠植入前胚胎发育中的作用。方法 采用实时定量PCR,检测小鼠植入前胚胎（2-细胞期、4-细胞期、8-细胞期、桑葚胚和囊胚）中GRIM-19 mRNA水平 (n =16);将小鼠8 细胞期胚胎按卵裂球大小、形态、透明带、胞质碎片分为优胚组和非优胚组,分别检测两组胚胎GRIM-19 mRNA水平,并分析其相关性 (n =13);制作假孕鼠（23只）,并随机分为A组（12只）和B组（11只）,采用移植器将优质和非优质8-细胞期胚胎移入假孕鼠的子宫内,观察两组雌鼠妊娠率及产仔率。结果 GRIM-19在小鼠植入前各期胚胎中均有表达,其mRNA水平从2-细胞期逐渐增高,至8-细胞期达高峰,随后呈下降趋势。优质8-细胞胚胎的GRIM-19 mRNA水平明显高于非优胚组（P <0.05）。两组8-细胞胚胎移植后,A组雌鼠妊娠率及产仔率显著高于B组雌鼠（P<0.05）。 结论 小鼠植入前胚胎中GRIM-19的表达量随发育时程的改变而变化,且与胚胎质量密切相关。     

ATF4基因在小鼠胚胎围着床期子宫内膜的表达

目的 探讨转录激活因子4(ATF4)在小鼠胚胎围着床期子宫内膜中的表达规律及在胚胎植入过程中的作用.方法 妊娠0～7d小鼠子宫内膜,用RT-PCR、免疫组织化学法和Western blot分别检测小鼠内膜ATF4 mRNA及蛋白的表达;用子宫角内注射ATF4抗体进行干预.结果 1)妊娠各组小鼠子宫内膜ATF4 mRNA的表达量均显著高于未孕组d0(P ＜0.0S),且随妊娠天数的增加其表达量逐渐增高,到d4达到峰值,之后逐渐下降;2)ATF4蛋白主要在基质细胞胞质表达,其表达规律与mRNA表达规律基本一致.3)子宫角ATF4抗体注射后与对照组相比着床数明显减少.结论 ATF4在小鼠妊娠早期可能参与子宫内膜蜕膜化过程,有利于着床.     

溶血磷脂酸受体3在小鼠胚胎围着床期子宫内膜的表达及意义

目的 探讨溶血磷脂酸受体3(LPA-R3)nRNA和蛋白在小鼠胚胎着床过程中表达的动态变化. 方法 将78只雌性昆明小鼠随机分为真孕组(36只)、假孕组(36只)和对照组(6只),应用反转录.聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western blotting以及免疫组织化学SP法,检测胚胎围着床期(0～6d)LPA-R3 mRNA和蛋白在小鼠子宫内膜的表达和定位. 结果 LPA-R3主要分布于小鼠子宫内膜腔上皮、腺上皮和部分基质细胞的胞质.LPA-R3 mRNA和蛋白在小鼠胚胎着床过程中,3d时开始上升,4d时达峰值.5d、6d骤然下降至基础水平.假孕组子宫内膜LPA-R3mRNA和蛋白表达水平及变化规律与相应同期真孕组一致. 绪论 LPA-R3可能参与了胚胎的着床和子宫内膜容受性的建立过程.     

E-选择素在胚胎着床过程中小鼠子宫内膜的表达规律

目的：研究E-selectin在胚胎着床及早期分化中的作用。方法：用RT—PCR、Immunoblot、Western blot法检测小鼠胚胎着床前后蜕膜组织E-selectin的表达。结果：E-选择素在孕4天的小鼠子宫内膜中的表达出现升高，第5天达到峰值，随后妊娠第6、第7天E-selectin蛋白的表达则逐渐下降至正常水平。结论：提示E-选择素可能参与了胚胎着床过程。     

小鼠胚泡植入早期FucT-Ⅶ和sLe(X)寡糖抗原表达

目的探讨妊娠第1～5天(d1～5)小鼠子宫内膜唾液酸化的路易斯寡糖[sLe(X)]合成关键酶α-1,3岩藻糖基转移酶基因(FucT-Ⅶ)的表达和其表面sLe(X)寡糖抗原表达对胚胎植入的影响。方法应用RT-PCR和免疫组化方法检测妊娠第1～5天小鼠子宫内膜FucT-Ⅶ及寡糖抗原的表达规律。用子宫角内注射sLe(X)单克隆抗体的方法检测小鼠胚胎着床数。结果妊娠第1～5天小鼠子宫组织均有FucT-Ⅶ的表达,且在妊娠d4表达更强(P<0.05)。妊娠第1～5天sLe(X)寡糖抗原表达在子宫内膜的腔上皮和腺上皮。单侧子宫角sLe(X)抗体注射后胚胎的着床数量明显较对侧(注射等体积生理盐水)减少。结论在小鼠胚胎着床过程中,FucT-Ⅶ及sLe(X)寡糖抗原可能参与了胚泡的定位、黏附及侵袭过程,在胚泡植入的早期发挥作用。     

姜黄素对小鼠妊娠期子宫内膜凋亡的分子调控

目的研究姜黄素对小鼠胚胎着床,及其妊娠期子宫内膜细胞凋亡的分子调控机制。方法将见阴栓昆明白小鼠随机分为5组,连续隔日腹腔注射姜黄素,第7天（D7）回收组织进行RT-PCR和Western印迹检测。结果与姜黄素低剂量组相比,姜黄素中剂量组平均妊娠胎仔数显著升高（P〈0．05）,而在高剂量组则显著下降（P〈0．05）,且妊娠率随之下降。基因检测结果表明,凋亡因子PTEN、Caspase-3的相对mRNA水平随着姜黄素剂量的升高显著升高（低剂量组,中剂量组P〈0．05;高剂量组P〈0．01）。而核转录因子NF-κB的表达则显著降低（低剂量组,中剂量组P〈0．05;高剂量组P〈0．01）。且蛋白水平的检测与基因水平的检测结果相一致。结论姜黄素在小鼠胚胎着床及妊娠期子宫内膜细胞凋亡中起重要的调控作用,这对于寻找新的生殖调控手段具有重要意义。     

小鼠植入前胚胎对输卵管上皮细胞DNA甲基转移酶1表达的影响

目的 探讨小鼠植入前胚胎对输卵管上皮细胞DNA甲基转移酶1（DNA methyltransferase 1，Dnmt1）表达的影响。方法 应用免疫组织化学方法确定Dnmt1蛋白在小鼠输卵管的组织学定位；选取植入前胚胎的2细胞期、4细胞期和8细胞期作为3个观察点，采用实时逆转录-聚合酶链反应和Western印迹分别检测正常妊娠和假孕小鼠输卵管上皮Dnmt1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化。结果 Dnmt1蛋白主要表达于上皮层；妊娠组小鼠各期Dnmt1 mRNA表达水平均显著性低于同期假孕组（P〈0．05），妊娠组4细胞期Dnmt1蛋白表达水平显著性低于同期假孕组（P〈0．05）。结论 小鼠植入前期的胚胎对母体输卵管上皮Dnmt1 mRNA和蛋白表达存在调节作用，提示胚胎可能通过DNA甲基化间接调控输卵管上皮某些基因的表达，Dnmt1可能参与胚胎-母体交流的部分机制。     

T淋巴细胞侵袭转移诱导蛋白1在小鼠子宫内膜基质细胞-胚泡共培养体系中对胚泡黏附的影响

目的:检测不同浓度T淋巴细胞侵袭转移诱导蛋白1 (Tiaml)抗体下,小鼠着床窗子宫内膜基质细胞内的Tiaml蛋白表达及其对基质细胞-胚泡共培养体系中胚泡黏附的影响,探讨Tiaml对小鼠胚胎着床的影响.方法:提取着床窗小鼠子宫内膜基质细胞并构建基质细胞-胚泡共培养体系;分别用免疫细胞化学和免疫印迹法检测不同浓度抗Tiaml抗体时着床窗基质细胞Tiaml蛋白的表达及其对胚泡黏附的影响.结果:抗体干预后着床窗基质细胞内的Tiaml蛋白表达水平降低;在不同抗体浓度下胚泡黏附率有差异.结论:随Tiaml抗体浓度增加,着床窗小鼠子宫内膜基质细胞Tiaml蛋白表达量及胚泡黏附率降低.表明Tiarnl可能在胚泡植入过程起重要的作用.     

白细胞介素8在着床前小鼠子宫及胚卵的表达

目的:观察着床前小鼠子宫及胚卵白细胞介素8(IL-8)的表达.方法:免疫组织化学显色及图像分析技术,对IL-8蛋白在妊娠1～4 d小鼠子宫及胚卵的表达进行定位及半定量分析;用RT-PCR技术检测妊娠1～4 d小鼠子宫及胚卵IL-8mRNA的表达情况.结果:与未孕小鼠相比,妊娠各天小鼠子宫中IL-8蛋白和mRNA表达明显升高,于妊娠4d表达最强.IL-8蛋白和mRNA均在妊娠2 d(Ⅱ细胞期)的胚卵表达最弱,妊娠4d(胚泡期)的胚卵表达最强.结论:妊娠1～4 d小鼠子宫及胚卵持续表达IL-8蛋白和mRNA,尤其是在着床前表达量升高,提示它们可能参与小鼠胚泡的着床过程.     

Expression of Maspin in mouse endometrium during estrus cycle and early pregnancy

目的:初步探讨Maspin基因在动情周期及早孕小鼠子宫内膜的表达规律.方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组织化学分别检测动情前期、动情期、动情后期、动情间期及孕2、4、5、7d小鼠子宫内膜Maspin基因mRNA及蛋白的时空表达规律.结果:动情周期中动情期MaspinmRNA和蛋白表达较强,与其他3期相比差异有统计学意义,其他3期表达较弱,无差异.早孕小鼠子宫内膜组织Maspin基因mRNA和蛋白的表达高于未妊娠小鼠,且随着妊娠天数的增加呈逐渐增强的趋势,到妊娠第5天达到最高.结论:Maspin在动情周期及早孕小鼠子宫内膜呈规律性表达,说明其可能在胚泡着床过程中发挥着重要的作用.     

Characterization of IK cytokine expression in mouse endometrium during early pregnancy and its significance on implantation

The expression of IK cytokine was investigated in the mouse endometrium during early pregnancy (D1-D7 of pregnancy) and pseudopregnancy using real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis, and the effects of IK cytokine on embryo implantation were observed by injection with antisense IK cytokine oligodeoxynucleotides in the uterine horn. Our data showed that the expression of IK cytokine mRNA increased gradually from D1 to D4 of pregnancy and reached a peak level at D4 of pregnancy (P<0.05). Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of IK cytokine protein increased gradually from D1 to D5 of pregnancy and reached a peak level at D5 of pregnancy (P<0.05). The expression of IK cytokine in the pseudopregnant uterus was significantly lower compared to that in the normal pregnant uterus and the level of the protein never showed a high peak during the whole pseudopregnancy. The expression of IK cytokine at the implantation site was much stronger than that in the peri-implantation site on Day 5 of pregnancy. After 24 and 48 h of injection with antisense IK cytokine oligodexynucleotides in the uterine horn on D3 of pregnancy (i.e. implantation window), the expression of IK cytokine in the uterus was remarkably inhibited, while the expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) increased and the number of implanted embryos significantly decreased in the site of uterine horns receiving antisense IK cytokine (P<0.05). These results suggested that IK cytokine may play a crucial role in implantation.     

白细胞介素-18在大鼠胚泡植入前后子宫的分布及表达

目的 系统研究了白细胞介素-18(IL-18)在大鼠胚泡植入前后子宫中的分布与表达,以探讨IL-18在胚泡植入过程中可能的生理作用.方法 免疫组织化学SP法,图像分析法.结果 IL-18在胚泡植入前后子宫均有表达,其主要分布于子宫内膜或蜕膜的腔上皮细胞、腺上皮细胞及子宫基质细胞或蜕膜细胞,子宫肌层及部分血管内皮细胞也有微弱表达.与非妊娠大鼠相比,妊娠大鼠子宫IL-18的表达明显增加(P<0.05).随着妊娠的进行,子宫IL-18的表达逐渐递增,并且IL-18在胚泡植人后期的表达显著高于植入前期(P<0.05).结论 IL-18可能参与胚泡植入,与妊娠的建立和维持有关,在妊娠中起重要作用.     

孕酮调节谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Omega-1在小鼠妊娠早期子宫腔上皮及腺上皮中的表达

目的研究谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Omega-1(Gsto 1)在小鼠胚胎着床过程中的表达和孕酮的调节。方法105只CD1小鼠,分为正常妊娠模型和类固醇激素处理模型。正常妊娠模型中,收集妊娠第1~第5天子宫,采用Real-time PCR、原位杂交和Western blotting 3种方法检测Gsto1的表达变化;类固醇激素处理模型均采用卵巢切除2周后的小鼠,又分为雌孕激素处理组、孕酮处理不同时间组和孕酮受体拮抗剂Ru486处理组,所有组中的对照均用芝麻油处理。雌孕激素处理组中,收集芝麻油、雌激素、孕酮、雌激素加孕酮分别处理12h后的子宫;孕酮处理不同时间组中,收集芝麻油和孕酮分别处理1、3、12、24 h后的子宫;Ru486处理组中,收集芝麻油、Ru486、孕酮、Ru486加孕酮分别处理12 h后的子宫。类固醇激素处理模型使用Real-time PCR和Western blotting两种方法检测Gsto1的表达变化。结果 Gsto1主要在妊娠第1~4天的子宫腔上皮及腺上皮中表达,其中,妊娠第1~3天表达量较高,第4天表达量较低,第5天着床点和非着床点均不表达。孕酮诱导Gsto1的表达,雌激素不能诱导Gsto1的表达,并能抑制孕酮对Gsto1的诱导。Ru486降低孕酮对Gsto1的诱导,孕酮处理1、3、12 h均促进Gsto1的表达,但作用24 h后,抑制Gsto1的表达。结论 Gsto1在小鼠妊娠早期子宫腔上皮及腺上皮中表达,雌激素能够拮抗孕酮对Gsto1的诱导,孕酮可以通过孕酮受体调节Gsto1的表达,并且具有短时调节作用。     

The role of T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing protein 1 in early pregnancy in mice

T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing protein 1 (Tiam1) is involved in tumorigenesis processes, including cell migration, adhesion and invasion, proteolysis, cytoskeleton reorganization, cell morphological transformation and intracellular signaling. These processes are also critical for embryo implantation, although the role of Tiam1 during embryo implantation remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatio-temporal expression of Tiam1 in endometria of mice comparing early pregnancy and non-pregnancy. Fluorescent quantitative-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of Tiam1 mRNA and protein in endometria of pregnant mice was higher than that of non-pregnant mice, and gradually increased from Day 1 of pregnancy reaching a maximum level on Day 5 and then declining on Days 6 and 7. Immunohistochemistry showed that Tiam1 protein was present in luminal epithelium from Days 3-5 of pregnancy and in gland epithelium from Days 4 to 6 and enhanced significantly in stromal cells on Day 5, regarded as the 'implantation window' period. The number of implantation sites was greatly decreased by the intrauterine injection with anti-Tiam1 polyclonal antibody in the early morning of the Day 4 of pregnancy. These findings suggest that Tiam1 might play an important role in embryo implantation in mice.     

Uterine fibronectin mRNA content and localization are modulated during implantation.

Fibronectin mRNA and protein content were examined during embryonic implantation in the rat uterus. Content of total fibronectin mRNA at day 6 of pregnancy increased relative to the non-pregnant uterus. In contrast, fibronectin protein content of the subepithelial stroma was relatively decreased except in the region directly surrounding the lumen, and this fibronectin immunoreactivity was sensitive to hyaluronidase treatment. These changes are likely to reflect the degradation and subsequent remodeling of the previously stable uterine extracellular matrix in preparation for embryonic implantation. A+, B-, V + fibronectin mRNAs were present in both the non-pregnant and day 6 pregnant uterus with increased content of A+ and V+ fibronectin mRNAs in the latter. A + fibronectin mRNA was distributed throughout the endometrial stroma of the non-pregnant uterus and content of the subepithelial stroma increased by day 4 of pregnancy, coincident with progesterone action on the endometrium. On day 6 of pregnancy, fibronectin mRNAs encoding the V95 and A regions were preferentially localized to the mesometrial zone of the subepithelial stroma. Accumulation of these mRNA splicing variants at the mesometrial zone was dependent upon decidualization, but the embryo was not required. Thus, there are two major changes in uterine fibronectin gene expression as a result of pregnancy: increased fibronectin mRNA content and mesometrial localization. These changes suggest a key function for fibronectin in implantation and imply the operation of a regulatory program of fibronectin gene expression which depends on hormonal sensitization and a nidatory stimulus.     

Small interfering RNA survivin and GRIM-19 co-expression salmonella plasmid inhibited the growth of laryngeal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of plasmid-based survivin-specific short hairpin RNA and GRIM-19 on the growth of Hep-2 laryngeal cancer cells. Methods: The plasmid expressing survivin-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and GRIM-19 (p-siRNA survivin/GRIM-19) was prepared and transfected into Hep-2 cells with Lipofectamine 2000. The mRNA and protein expression of surviving and GRIM-19 were measured with RT-PCR and western blot assay, respectively. MTT assay was employed to detect the proliferation of Hep-2 cells, and flow cytometry and AO/EB assay were done to determine the apoptosis of Hep-2 cells. Results: In the p-siRNA survivin/GRIM-19, the mRNA and protein expression of survivin was markedly reduced by 54.4% and 42.2%, and the reduction in protein expression of surviving was more obvious than that in the p-siRNA survivin group (37%) (P<0.05). The protein expression of GRIM-19 was markedly enhanced when compared with the control group (P<0.01). MTT assay revealed the proliferation of Hep-2 cells undergoing transfection with p-siRNA survivin/GRIM-19 was markedly inhibited, and the inhibition rate was as high as 79%, which was higher than that in the psi-survivin group (45%) and p-GRIM-19 group (35%). AO/EB assay and flow cytometry indicated that the apoptotic cells in the p-siRNA survivin/GRIM-19 group were dramatically increased as compared to the psi-survivin group and p-GRIM-19 group. Conclusion: The p-siRNA survivin/GRIM-19 has marked decrease in survivin expression and dramatic increase in GRIM-19 expression. Moreover, silencing of survivin and over-expression of GRIM-19 can significantly inhibit the growth and induce the apoptosis of Hep-2 in vitro and in vivo.     

RhoA在小鼠胚胎围着床期子宫内膜的表达及其意义

目的探讨RhoA在小鼠胚胎植入过程中的表达及其生物学作用。方法取胚胎围种植期（D0至D6天）昆明小鼠子宫作切片，用免疫组织化学方法和图像分析方法对RhoA在子宫内膜中的表达进行定位和半定量分析。结果RhoA主要分布于小鼠子宫内膜腺上皮、腔上皮和基质细胞。受精后，RhoA在子宫内膜的含量高于未孕组（P＜0．05）；受精后第4d（植入期），小鼠子宫内膜腔上皮中RhoA的含量明显增多，明显高于未孕及植入前各时间组（P＜0．05），并逐渐向基质细胞延伸，第5d广泛分布在蜕膜细胞和基质细胞，到第6天大部分子宫内膜基质区域及腺上皮的细胞中有大量的RhoA分布。RhoA在小鼠子宫内膜组织中的表达强度在受精后呈逐渐上升趋势。结论①RhoA可能参与了胚胎的种植和子宫内膜容受性的建立；②还可能间接参与植入后胚胎的滋养层扩展、分化及子宫内膜蜕膜化反应。