腰椎间盘突出症伴骶椎腰化手术治疗

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症伴骶椎腰化的诊断及治疗方法.方法对26例患者根据术前影像学诊断与体征,采用椎板开窗,摘除突出椎间盘,扩大侧隐窝,游离脂肪片加几丁糖预防瘢痕形成.结果26例均获随访,平均随访5年,优良率88.5%.结论腰椎间盘突出症伴骶椎腰化患者进行手术时应根据个体差异综合考虑才能提高手术疗效.     

青少年腰椎间盘突出症的微创手术治疗

目的探讨青少年腰椎间盘突出症的临床特点及治疗方式,提高骨科医生对青少年腰椎间盘突出症的认识。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2010年12月沈阳军区总医院收治的201例青少年(≤20岁)腰椎间盘突出症患者资料,观察患者的临床特点及手术治疗效果,对比分析术后1周及末次随访较术前VAS、ODI评分的差异,观察术后并发症等。结果 201例青少年腰椎间盘突出症的患者中187例(93.0%)患者表现为腰背痛伴或不伴放射性疼痛,20例(10.0%)患者首诊时表现为下肢痛,97例(48.3%)患者在院外首诊时被诊断为腰椎间盘突出症,70例(34.8%)患者在发病前有外伤史。最常见的节段为L4/L5(101例,50.2%)及L5/S1(70例,34.8%)。其中140例患者通过椎间盘镜治疗,25例患者通过椎间孔镜技术治疗,36例通过开放手术治疗,所有患者随访12个月以上,平均随访(22.9±11.7)个月。术后1周及末次随访较术前VAS、ODI评分均明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),椎间盘镜手术、椎间孔镜手术和开放手术的并发症发生率分别为3.6%、4.0%和8.3%。结论青少年腰椎间盘突出症的诊断经常被延误,加强对青少年腰椎间盘突出症的认识可帮助骨科医生进行相关病史询问,采取针对性体格检查及合适的影像学检查。微创手术是治疗青少年腰椎间盘突出症的有效方式。     

B-Twin椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴椎间不稳22例报告

[摘要] 目的 评价B-Twin椎间融合术在腰椎间盘突出症伴椎间不稳治疗中的疗效。方法 对22例腰椎间盘突出症伴椎间不稳患者采用小切口手术下B-Twin椎间融合术治疗。其中L4∕5 15例，L5∕S1 7例。结果 手术时间平均63分钟，术中出血平均35 mL。所有患者术后一周内下地活动。术后随访平均25个月。用JOA评分标准作临床疗效评价，术前JOA 评分平均4.2分，随访结束时JOA 评分平均17.8分，术后改善率：优19例、良2例、可1例，优良率95.4％。平均植骨融合时间为16周。结论 B-Twin椎间融合术具有创伤小、安全性高、康复快、植骨融合率高的优点。是治疗腰椎间盘突出症并退变性腰椎不稳的有效方法。     

复发性腰椎间盘突出症原因与再次手术方法的分析

目的：探讨腰椎间盘突出症多种方法手术手复发的原因及再次手术方法。方法：根据病人首次腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗方法及复发的临床表现，采用脊髓造影，CT，MRI检查，了解复发的原因，采用不同的再次手术方法。结果：52例病人随访0.5-15年，平均3.5年，优28例，良17例，可5例，差2例，优良率为86.5%。结论：腰椎间盘突出症采用不同的手术方法都可能出现复发，再次手术必须根据病情，方能取得良好效果。     

合并移行椎腰椎间盘突出症患者腰骶神经根支配区的变化

背景:腰骶移行椎是一种常见的先天脊柱畸形,国内外学者均有报道移行椎患者的腰骶神经根支配I区可能会发生改变,但并未系统阐述其支配区的变化以及该种改变对腰椎间盘突出症患者手术的指导意义。目的:探讨当存在腰骶移行椎时,腰骶神经根的运动和感觉支配区发生改变的可能性。方法:研究方案的实施符合滨州医学院附属医院对研究的相关伦理要求,参与试验的患病个体及其家属对试验过程完全知情同意。回顾分析321例单一节段腰椎间盘突出症行手术治疗患者的病历资料。其中38例(11.8%)存在腰骶移行椎,包括骶椎腰化26例、腰椎骶化12例。26例骶椎腰化患者中,23例为L5/S1(L6)椎间盘突出,压迫S1(L6)神经根。12例腰椎骶化患者中,8例为L3/4椎间盘突出,压迫L4神经根。在283例正常结构的患者中,138例患者L5/S1椎间盘突出压迫S1神经根,95例患者L4/L5椎间盘突出压迫L5神经根,47例患者L3/L4椎间盘突出压迫L4神经根。比较术前骶椎腰化患者S1神经根受压的症状、腰椎骶化患者L4神经根受压的症状与正常腰骶椎患者L4、L5或S1神经根受压的症状。结果与结论:(1)S1神经根受压所致运动功能减退的分布在骶椎腰化患者组和正常组之间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);(2)L4神经根受压所致运动功能减退的分布在腰椎骶化患者组和正常组之间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);(3)骶椎腰化患者S1神经根受压所致的运动功能减退与正常状态下L5神经根受压所致的运动功能减退相似;而腰椎骶化患者L4神经根受压所致的运动功能减退与正常状态下L5神经根受压所致的运动功能减退相似;皮肤感觉异常的分析也显示了相似的结果;(4)结果说明,腰骶神经根的功能在移行椎患者中发生改变,使得骶椎腰化患者的S1神经根起到L5神经根的通常功能(神经根功能上移),腰椎骶化患者的L4神经根起到L5神经根的通常功能(神经根功能下移)。     

腰椎间盘突出症手术疗效欠佳的原因分析（附373例手术报告）

目的:探讨腰椎间盘突出症手术疗效欠佳的原因。方法:对373例腰椎间盘突出症手术病例中随机随访160例的诊断、疗效和并发症等作了分析研究。结果:根据Macnab评定标准随访的160例中,疗效优良者136例占85％;疗效欠佳者24例,占15％。结论:误诊、定位错误、神经损伤、出血等均可造成手术效果欠佳或差。     

后路钉棒内固定椎间融合治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症:椎体稳定性评价

背景:腰椎间盘突出症治疗的重要方法是椎间盘切除,但有少部分患者会出现复发现象。目的:探讨后路椎弓根钉棒内固定联合cage植入椎间融合治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症后的脊柱稳定性。方法:选择2007年1月至2011年12月复发性腰椎间盘突出症患者26例,应用后路减压cage植入椎间融合加钉棒系统内固定治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症进行再手术治疗,观察患者治疗后疼痛症状缓解情况以及腰椎稳定性。通过数据库文献检索的方法分析后路钉棒内固定椎间融合治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的椎体稳定性。结果与结论:26例患者均获得随访,随访时间为12-36个月。所有患者治疗后腰腿痛症状得到有效缓解,椎间融合良好,优良率96.2%。未出现椎弓根螺钉松动、断裂,椎间不融合现象。后路减压cage椎间融合加钉棒系统内固定治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症,具有症状缓解快、内固定坚强、椎间融合确切等优点,是目前治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症比较理想的方法。     

椎间盘镜与常规手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效对比分析

目的对比研究椎间盘镜（MED）与常规开放手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析600例腰椎间盘突出症病例，其中400例患者采用MED治疗，200例患者采用常规开放手术治疗，平均随访时间一年。结果MED治疗优良率在97％左右，常规开放手术治疗优良率在85％左右。结论MED方法具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快的优点，是一种有效的微创治疗腰椎间盘突出症的方法，比常规开放手术有明显优势。     

腰椎间盘突出症合并椎管内硬膜外血管畸形的解剖与临床特点

目的研究腰椎间盘突出症合并椎管内硬膜外血管畸形的解剖与临床特点。方法2001-2006年期间在我科手术治疗的7例腰椎间盘突出症合并椎管内硬膜外血管畸形,术前行MRI和选择性脊髓血管造影检查,均行椎间盘髓核摘除及畸形血管烧灼切除术。结果术中发现5例硬膜前方畸形血管,2例椎管内大量陈旧积血。术后症状消失或逐渐减轻,随访4年均无复发。根据Macnab疗效评定标准,优5例、良2例,无可及差。结论MRI、脊髓造影、手术探查是腰椎间盘突出症合并椎管内硬膜外血管畸形的主要诊断方法,充分认识其解剖与临床特点,有助于提高诊断准确率及手术疗效。     

后路椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症108例疗效观察

目的 探讨后路椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法 对诊断明确的腰椎间盘突出症108例（126个椎间盘）患者采用后路椎间盘镜治疗。结果 108例均能顺利完成手术,并得到随访,按Nakai标准评定,优90例,良6例,优良率为94．4％,有2例出现神经根损伤,2例术后出现脑脊液漏,无大血管损伤、椎间隙感染等其他并发症发生。结论 后路椎间盘镜手术疗效确切,创伤小,术后并发症少,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症晦较好方法。     

Effect of posterolateral disc replacement on kinematics and stress distribution in the lumbar spine: A finite element study

The current study aimed to compare the biomechanics of the L3–S1 spine segment treated either by fusion or total disc replacement (TDR) using the TRIUMPH^® Lumbar Disc (Globus Medical, Audubon, PA). A validated three-dimensional, nonlinear finite element model (FEM) of L3–S1 was altered at L4/L5 by fusion and implantation of the TRIUMPH^® Lumbar Disc. Under a hybrid testing protocol, the resultant range of motion (ROM), nucleus pressure at the adjacent levels, facet joint force, and anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) force were analyzed. FEM predicted several changes in biomechanics when compared to the intact segment. The analyses suggest that posterolateral lumbar disc arthroplasty with the TRIUMPH^® Lumbar Disc can preserve the mobility of the surgical level while not allowing excessive ROM and reducing segmental motion at the adjacent levels when compared to fusion. The current finite element model could be valuable for engineers and surgeons seeking to optimize TDR designs.     

64例腰椎间盘突出并腰椎管狭窄症的手术治疗

目的 探索治疗腰椎间盘突出并腰椎管狭窄症的有效方法。方法 手术治疗腰椎间盘突出并腰椎管狭窄症64例。结果 术后获访者56例,平均随访时间3年8个月,优52例,良3例,可1例,治愈率98％,显效率100％。结论 手术治疗腰椎间盘突出并腰椎管狭窄目前是比较理想的方法。     

经皮激光椎间盘减压术（PLDD）及其改良术式治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的比较研究经皮激光椎间盘减压术(PLDD)及其改良术式治疗腰椎间盘突出症,评估PLDD改良术式的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析比较应用Nd:YAG激光进行常规单点髓核照射汽化19例和改良多点小能量髓核激光照射120例的治疗效果。结果通过12～24个月随访,对二者的疗效进行比较。二种不同的治疗方法产生了显著不同的疗效。参照改良MacNab手术评价标准,常规PLDD术组19例,疗效优2例,良10例,差7例,有效率63%。改良PLDD术组120例,疗效优52例,良50例,差18例,有效率85%。结论经皮激光椎间盘减压术减压效果好、安全性高、并发症少、术后康复快、术后复发率低。改良经皮激光椎间盘减压术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效明显优于常规经皮激光椎间盘减压术,减少二次手术机会及其造成的痛苦,提高了手术的安全性,大大降低了手术和住院费用,是适合我国国情的腰椎间盘突出症的微创手术方法。     

腰骶移行椎与骶骨之间椎间盘的MRI影像特点及其临床意义

目的探讨腰骶移行椎与骶骨之间椎间盘的MRI影像特点。方法对52例腰骶移行椎患者的MRI及X线片影像学进行分析。结果Ⅰ型23.1%(12例)、Ⅱ型17.3%(9例)、Ⅲ型48.1%(25例)、Ⅳ型11.5%(6例)。Ⅰ型腰骶移行椎与骶骨间椎间盘的形态与正常腰椎的L5/S1椎间盘相同;Ⅱ型与正常相近,但有发育不良现象;Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型则明显发育不良。结论Ⅰ型的椎间盘具备与正常L5/S1椎间盘相同的功能;Ⅱ型其椎间盘接近正常L5/S1椎间盘;Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型则为残存椎间盘,几乎不具备椎间盘功能,无退变发生。     

Case report: clinical and radiographic features of partial fusion of the last lumbar vertebra with the sacrum involving a German shepherd-cross bitch

A year-old German shepherd-cross bitch was presented with a history of incontinence and an abnormal posterior gait that worsened on progression. Visual examination did not show ectoparasites. The heart, pulse and respiratory rates as well as rectal temperature were normal. Palpation of the hip joints did not suggest luxation. History also revealed that the bitch was served 2 weeks earlier. The radiographic examination revealed partial fusion of the last lumbar vertebra with the sacrum. The case was handled conservatively with periodic analgesic treatment recommended. A follow-up of the case showed an improved condition, and the bitch whelped four puppies (two dead and two alive) 6 weeks later. It is concluded from this report that the lameness observed with the attendant loss of condition may have resulted from stenosis of the vertebral canal due to partial fusion of the sacrum with the lumbar vertebra which may have been acquired later in life as the animal did not suffer from any sign of lameness in its early life.     

Biomechanical behaviour in vitro of the spine and lumbosacral junction

Six fresh human specimens extending from the 9th thoracic vertebra (T9) to the pelvis were used to study the biomechanical behaviour of the long lumbopelvic segments, including mobility of the sacrum. The loads were applied at T9 using pure couples up to 5Nm. The displacements were measured by an optoelectronic method (VICON 140). Stress-displacement curves were obtained for the three angular components of the vertebra studied according to the plane of the principal stresses and of the two other planes corresponding to the coupled mobilities. Mobility decreased from T9 to the sacrum. There was mobility of the sacrum in relation to the pelvis in flexion, with a mean of 1.28° (0.5 to 2.8°) 3 sacrums showed a mobility of the order of one degree for torsional stresses. There was no sacral mobility during stresses in lateral flexion. The use of this experimental protocol with low mechanical stresses should allow the evaluation of long osteosyntheses extending to the sacrum.     

棘突间动态稳定系统治疗腰椎间盘突出症的早期观察

目的研究Wallis棘突间动态稳定系统在腰椎间盘突出症治疗中的早期疗效。方法对20例伴有腰椎退变的腰椎间盘突出症患者行开窗髓核摘除术，术中植入Wallis棘突间动态稳定系统，观察手术操作过程、手术用时、术中出血量及术后早期恢复情况，并在术前术后进行VAS评分。结果Wallis棘突间动态稳定系统植入手术操作简单，用时短，组织损伤小，术后恢复顺利，术后VAS评分较术前明显下降。结论Wallis棘突间动态稳定系统治疗伴有腰椎遄变的腰椎间盘突出症安全简便，早期效果良好。     

MRI辅助髓核容积测定评价单侧椎弓螺钉置入并椎间融合对邻近节段的影响

BACKGROUND: A large number of biomechanical studies and clinical application research showed that unilateral pedicle screw fixation with a single cage can not only make the spine to obtain immediate stability, and also reduces the fixed segment stiffness. However, there is not related research on the change of adjacent segment disc nucleus pulposus volume with unilateral pedicle screw. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of unilateral pedicle screw fixation with a single cage on adjacent segment degeneration for treating lumbar degenerative disease with MRI measurement of lumbar nucleus pulposus volume.  METHODS: A total of 34 patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated by posterior lumbar interbody fusion with unilateral pedicle screw fixation with a single cage insertion. There were L4-5 segment in 16 patients (9 males and 7 females) and L5-S1 segment in 18 patients (10 males and 8 females). The fixator was taken out at 18 months after surgery. They were followed up for 24 to 36 months. With MRI, the transverse diameter and sagittal diameter of the nucleus pulposus were measured by using T2-weighted images at 6, 12, 18, 30 months after treatment, while the nucleus pulposus height was measured by middle sagittal position. Cephalic intervertebral height was measured with angular bisector method on X-ray films. Effects of unilateral pedicle screw fixation on cephalic intervertebral disc degeneration were evaluated according to nucleus pulposus volume and the intervertebral space height.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Nucleus pulposus volume at cephalic L3-4 on the fixed L4-5 segment was reduced in male patients after 30 months of treatment compared with pre-treatment (P=0.139), but increased in female patients (P=0.143). (2) Nucleus pulposus volume at L4-5 near to fixed L5-S1 segment was slightly reduced in male patients after 30 months of treatment (P=0.096); nucleus pulposus volume was slightly increased in female patients after 6, 12, 18 and 30 months of treatment (P > 0.05). (3) Disc space height at cephalic L3-4 near to L4-5 segment was diminished in male and female patients at 30 months of treatment (P > 0.05). (4) Disc space height at cephalic L4-5 near to L5-S1 segment was slightly reduced in male and female patients compared with pre-treatment (P > 0.05). (5) Unilateral pedicle screw with a single cage could effectively prevent adjacent segment degeneration in treatment of partial lumbar intervertebral degenerative disease.       

骶骨骨折的解剖学观察及临床意义

目的:为提高骶骨骨折的诊断率及选择治疗方法提供依据。方法:选正常骶骨标本(50块),骶骨骨折标本(28块),测量这些骶骨标本每条横线中点距骶骨翼边缘的水平距离,测量骶前孔、骶后孔横径、骶孔的前、后径,将所有骶骨标本左右侧对应值进行比较。结果:正常骶骨每条横线中点距左右骶骨翼水平距离无显著差异,骶前孔、骶后孔左右侧无明显差异。侧块压缩性骨折、横行骨折引起骶前孔变形、变小,侧块压缩性骨折骨折侧横线中点距骶骨翼边缘水平距离较正常侧明显变小,位置越高两侧差异越大。骶后孔、骶管变形、变小在骶骨骨折标本不明显。结论:骶骨侧块压缩性骨折、横行骨折时骶骨失去对称性,骶前孔变形、变小是造成骶神经损伤原因之一,临床上应注意骶前孔的变化,检查骶神经功能,应将扩大骶前孔进行骶神经减压放在首位。