天台县流行性出血热监测点专题报告——Ⅱ.鼠间疫情监测

从天台县疫区捕获的14194只小兽中,经IFAT检查为阳性的有484只,总阳性率为3.41%,室内总带病毒率为3.88%,野外总带病毒率为2.99%,二者有显著差异(x~2=8.533,P<0.01)。在13种小兽中发现9种自然携带EHF病毒抗原,它们是褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠、大足鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠、罗赛鼠、东方田鼠和臭鼩(鼠胄)、灰麝鼩。其中褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠数量最多、带病毒率高,是本地EHF病毒的主要贮存宿主;其带病毒率的季节波动与人群发病率的季节波动相吻合,是本县EHF的主要传染源。监测表明,EHF是属于多宿主动物源性的自然疫源性疾病;本地EHF疫区类型可能属于姬鼠和家鼠混合型。     

临沂地区鼠类携带流行性出血热病毒抗原的初步调查

从临沂地区捕获5种鼠共341只,其中EHF疫区280只。经IFAT检测鼠肺携带EHF病毒抗原,黑线姬鼠带毒率9.5%(16/167),用该地区EHF患者血清与这种EHF病毒抗原进行IFAT检查特异性较高。认为黑线姬鼠为临沂地区EHF的主要传染源。首次从黑线仓鼠检出EHF病毒抗原,带毒率2.4%(1/42),并用10例典型EH F患者双份血清检查,抗体滴度均4倍或4倍以上增高。     

上海市传播流行性出血热鼠种的调查

1984年8月、10～11月,用间接免疫荧光法检测上海市8个县、6个区捕获的啮齿类和食虫目,除宝山、崇明两县和6个区未检出EHF带毒动物,其它6个县均发现EHF带毒动物,其中发现5个县褐家鼠、2个县黑线姬鼠、黄胸鼠和鼩鼱肺组织携带病毒抗原,用EHF病人双份血清检阳性肺组织抗原具有特异性,证实了本市EHF的主要传染源为褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠。     

鼠类携带有肾综合征出血热病毒抗原检测及血清流行病学调查

1981年11月在吉林省延吉县太阳公社的田野里扑获褐家鼠227只,小家鼠98只,黑线姬鼠149只,巢鼠25只,东方田鼠1只和普通鼯鼱1只。在这516只兽肺冰冻切片中,用IFAT发现5只黑线姬鼠(东北亚种)自然携带HFRS病毒抗原。在太阳公社本病病后11年的患者血清中仍然存在较高滴度(>1:320)HFRS抗体。太阳公社健康人群171份血清中查出两人存在HFRS抗体。     

三峡库区涪陵段黑线姬鼠携带汉坦病毒抗原的研究

目的 了解三峡库区涪陵段沿江地区黑线姬鼠携带汉坦病毒(HV)抗原情况。为三峡库区蓄水后防治肾综合征出血热(HFRS)提供依据。方法 捕鼠用鼠夹法，抗原检测用IFAT法。结果 各调查点布放23956夹次，捕获黑线姬鼠1248只，捕获率为5．21％；检测鼠肺1172只，阳性64只，阳性率为5．46％。不同高度黑线姬鼠携带HV抗原无差别，黑线姬鼠年龄组和性别及不同月份携带HV抗原差异有显著性。结论 黑线姬鼠密度及携带HV抗原高低与HFRS发病有着密切关系。     

蕲春县1979—1992年流行性出血热监测

1979～1992年流行性出血热(EHF)监测结果:野鼠密度与EHF发病率呈正相关,野外鼠带毒率为15.74％,显著高于室内鼠带毒率8.94％,其中黑线姬鼠病毒携带率最高,为16.17％,显著高于褐家鼠带毒率10.13％,并认为黑线姬鼠可能是动物间EHF病毒的主要宿主,而褐家鼠可能是鼠与人之间EHF的主要媒介和传染源。     

河南省新野县流行性出血热疫区鼠肺抗原及病人血清学检查

<正> 1982年6月下旬,我们在新野县 EHF发病较高的沙堰和溧河两个公社的病家及其野外进行捕鼠,检查各种鼠肺携带 EHF 病毒抗原情况,并对 EHF 病人的单,双份血清和疫区健康人血清检测 EHF 抗体,现将检查结果报告如下:材料和方法一、典型 EHF 病人恢复期血清:系山东省齐河县朱××血清。二、抗原来源:系河南省新野县流行性出血热疫区的黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠和黄胸鼠肺抗原。     

集安市EHF流行病学调查

本文根据集安市1974～1989年 EHF 发病情况,分析了其分布特征和流行趋势。平均发病率为3.93/10万,病例多呈散发,发病季节呈双峰型。通过宿主动物的血清学调查,从黑线姬鼠查示 EHF 抗原,其抗原阳性检出率力1.08%;EHF 抗体阳性鼠种为黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、巢鼠、其抗体阳性率分别为2.68%、3.13%、12.6%。调查确认集安市有 EHF 自然源地的存在,并呈多宿主性。     

长春市家栖鼠传播肾综合征出血热调查

目的通过分析长春市家栖鼠传播肾综合征出血热（HFRS）特征，为科学指导HFRS防制提供依据。方法鼠情监测采用夹夜法，将鼠肺切片，用免疫荧光法测定病毒抗原。结果长春市家栖鼠类群落由褐家鼠、大林姬鼠、小家鼠、黑线姬鼠、大仓鼠、东方田鼠、布氏田鼠、黑线仓鼠组成，平均鼠密度7．0％，褐家鼠为优势种，且该鼠带病毒率最高。结论褐家鼠是长春城市和农村居民区鼠害防制的重点鼠种，也是HFRS主要宿主动物。     

流行性出血热疫区鼠、螨带毒调查

1984年11~12月从江苏和安徽两个EHF疫区208个鼠窝中共捕鼠603只。在四种鼠中,以黑线姬鼠为优势种,其EHF抗原阳性率最高。在采集的革螨中,以革氏血厉螨、厩真厉螨为优势种,并有EHFV的自然感染。在每窝鼠数多和窝螨指数高的组的鼠EHF抗原和抗体阳性率均较高。调查结果表明黑线姬鼠是两疫区EHF的重要储存宿主,格氏血厉螨和厩真厉螨可能是EHF的传播媒介。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Increase in social inequality in health expectancy in Denmark

AIMS: Health expectancy represents the average lifetime in various states of health and differs among social groups. The purpose of the study was to determine trends in social inequality in health expectancy since 1994 between groups with high, medium and low educational levels in Denmark. METHODS: The study was based on data from nationwide registers on educational level and mortality during the period 1994-2005 and data on health status derived from the Danish Health Interview Surveys carried out in 1994, 2000 and 2005. Expected lifetime in self-rated good and poor health, lifetime without and with longstanding illness and expected lifetime without and with long-lasting difficulties or restrictions were estimated by Sullivan's method. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2005, life expectancy at age 30 years increased by 1.9 years for men and 1.5 years for women with a low educational level. For people with a high educational level, the increase was 2.7 years for men and 2.2 years for women. The difference between people with low and high educational level in expected lifetime in self-rated good health increased by 2.0 and 1.3 years for 30-year-old men and women, respectively. The social gap also increased for other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: During the past 12 years, social inequality in life expectancy and health expectancy has increased in Denmark, but the proportion of the population with a low educational level has decreased.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.