低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤误诊分析

目的总结低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤的临床特点、误诊原因及预防措施。方法对3例被误诊的低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 3例年龄均在40～50岁,1例表现为异常阴道出血,另2例无明显自觉症状。术前均误诊为子宫肌瘤,行腹腔镜下肌瘤剔除术。术后病理检查证实为低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤,均再次手术行全子宫、双附件切除,其中2例同时行大网膜切除,术后2例补充腹腔热灌注化疗,随访至今无复发。结论子宫内膜间质肉瘤临床少见,误诊率较高。临床医师应提高警惕,谨慎实施腹腔镜下碎瘤术,误诊发生后采取积极措施减少患者复发。     

子宫内膜小细胞神经内分泌癌临床病理观察

目的探讨子宫内膜小细胞神经内分泌癌(SCNEC)临床病理特点、预后与治疗。方法总结1例子宫内膜小细胞神经内分泌癌的临床表现、病理形态及免疫组化特点,并复习相关文献。结果患者女性,61岁。绝经后阴道排液及出血。术前诊断性刮宫,病理诊断为小细胞神经内分泌癌,行广泛性全子宫、双附件切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫术。临床病理分期为子宫内膜小细胞神经内分泌癌Ⅰb期。免疫组化:CgA、Syn和CD56(+)。患者术后行化疗,已无瘤生存8个月。结论原发性子宫内膜小细胞神经内分泌癌罕见,具有较强侵袭性,预后差,手术、放疗及化疗等综合治疗可能改善预后。     

年轻未育女性子宫腺肉瘤的诊治

目的总结年轻未育女性子宫腺肉瘤的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析2例年轻未育女性子宫腺肉瘤的临床资料。结果 2例均以月经紊乱入院。妇科检查：子宫饱满略大,其中1例有息肉样组织从宫颈口突出。完善B超、宫腔镜检查及胸腹部盆腔CT扫描,并行诊断性刮宫术,病理检查提示子宫内膜腺肉瘤,行手术治疗,术中、术后病理检查均诊断为子宫腺肉瘤。确诊后均化疗8个疗程,患者一般情况较好,1例无瘤生存1年余,另1例无瘤生存1年。结论本病临床罕见,且多见于40～60岁妇女,由于年轻未婚或未育妇女出现月经不规则首先考虑内分泌失调,早期易造成误诊。提示对于年轻未婚或未育妇女出现异常阴道出血合并有宫腔占位或宫颈赘生物时,除考虑常见病,应想到有无肉瘤的可能,争取得到患者及家属理解后,尽快行分段诊断性刮宫或宫腔镜检查,通过组织病理学检查以明确诊断。     

低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤临床病理分析

目的:探讨低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤(LESS)的临床病理学特征、诊断和鉴别诊断。方法:收集17例低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤,复阅病历档案,进行随访,同时观察其临床病理特点,并作免疫组化染色分析。结果:患者年龄24~73岁,平均44.5岁。低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤(LESS)临床上主要表现为不规则的阴道出血。光镜下观察肿瘤细胞类似增殖期子宫内膜间质细胞;呈舌状浸润肌层或弥漫浸润,肿瘤内有大量的似螺旋小动脉。3例伴有不同程度的平滑肌分化,1例伴性索样分化。结论:低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤(LESS)临床少见,术前诊断困难,预后较好。确诊主要依靠组织病理学和免疫组化,诊断上应与富细胞性平滑肌瘤、静脉内平滑肌瘤病、腺肉瘤相鉴别。     

22例低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤的临床病理分析

目的探讨低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤(LESS)的临床病理学特征、诊断和鉴别诊断。方法收集22例低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤,复阅病历档案,进行随访,同时观察其临床病理特点,并作免疫组化染色分析。结果患者年龄23～73岁,平均43岁。低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤(LESS)临床上主要表现为不规则的阴道出血。光镜下观察肿瘤细胞类似增殖期子宫内膜间质细胞;呈舌状浸润肌层或弥漫浸润,肿瘤内有大量的似螺旋小动脉。3例伴有不同程度的平滑肌分化,1例伴性索样分化。结论低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤(LESS)临床少见,术前诊断困难,预后较好。确诊主要依靠组织病理学和免疫组化,诊断上应与富细胞性平滑肌瘤、静脉内平滑肌瘤病、腺肉瘤相鉴别。     

子宫内膜间质结节1例

正2014年世界卫生组织将子宫内膜间质来源肿瘤(EST)分为:子宫内膜间质结节(ESN),低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤(LGESS),高级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤(HGESS)和未分化子宫肉瘤(UUS)[1]。EST为临床罕见肿瘤,占所有子宫肿瘤的2%,其中子宫内膜间质结节为良性肿瘤,其余三者为恶性肿瘤,ESN较其他子宫内膜间质来源肿瘤更为罕见。由于ESN无典型的临床表现,影像学检查暂无特异性表现,且必须通过术后病理诊断才能确诊,故在临床工作中易发生误诊、漏诊,甚至过度治疗等不良事件的发生。本次报道了1例绝经期女性术前考虑子宫肌瘤而术后病理诊断证实子宫内膜间质结节。     

子宫内膜间质肉瘤诊治及预后的相关因素

子宫内膜间质肉瘤是一种罕见的女性生殖道恶性肿瘤。缺乏特异性临床表现,诊断性刮宫、宫颈活检、宫腔镜下活检、术中快速病理诊断可提高确诊率。治疗以手术为主,综合运用放疗、化疗、激素治疗等多种手段,以减少复发,提高生存率。预后与临床分期、病理类型、年龄、治疗方法密切相关。     

伴原发不孕症的子宫腺肉瘤2例临床病理分析

目的探讨伴原发性不孕症的子宫腺肉瘤临床病理特点及误诊分析。方法观察分析2例伴原发不孕症的子宫腺肉瘤临床表现、病理特点。结果患者年龄分别为29岁和31岁,主要表现为不规则子宫出血及宫腔占位;组织学特征为良性子宫内膜腺体伴肉瘤性间质,其中1例合并有高级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤,另1例伴肉瘤成分过度生长。2例均采用全子宫＋双侧附件＋盆腔淋巴结清扫治疗,术后仍在随访中。结论子宫腺肉瘤常发生于中老年妇女,伴原发性不孕症的病例少见报道。不孕症的原因除与宫腔占位有关外,下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的协调功能紊乱与不孕症和腺肉瘤的发生相关。     

子宫内膜间质细胞肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨子宫内膜间质细胞肿瘤的诊断和治疗特点。方法：对15例子宫内膜间质细胞肿瘤术前诊断、误诊、病理特点、治疗结果、随访情况等进行回顾性总结和分析。结果：子宫内膜间质细胞肿瘤的主要症状为下腹部隐痛、胀痛，阴道不规则流血和月经过多，下腹部包块，无特异症状。病理诊断子宫内膜间质细胞瘤ll例，子宫内膜间质细胞肉瘤4例。术前确诊8例，占53％，误诊7例，占47％。15例均行手术治疗，术后7例化疗，2例放疗。结论：子宫内膜间质细胞肿瘤易误诊为子宫肌瘤、子宫肉瘤，应注意鉴别。依据病理分类选择合理术式及治疗方法能提高其生存率。     

子宫内膜小细胞癌合并浆液性乳头状癌临床病理观察

目的探讨子宫内膜小细胞癌(SCC)合并浆液性乳头状癌(PSC)的临床病理特征、诊断与鉴别诊断。方法分析1例原发性子宫内膜小细胞癌合并浆液性乳头状癌的临床表现、病理形态学特征及免疫组化特点,并结合文献进行讨论。结果患者女性,60岁。因绝经后不规则阴道出血入院。B超及MRI示子宫腔内实性占位性病变。行广泛全子宫、双附件切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫术。镜下肿瘤组织由SCC及PSC 2种组织学形态组成,2种成分穿插混合生长。SCC中,CD56和TTF-1(+),NSE、Cg A和Syn(-);CK、EMA、p16和p53两种成分均弥漫强(+)。患者术后给予放、化疗,随访6个月状况良好,无复发和转移。结论原发性子宫内膜SCC合并PSC非常罕见,易与子宫内膜腺癌伴去分化、子宫癌肉瘤、腺肉瘤、子宫内膜间质肉瘤、淋巴瘤等混淆。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.