肝郁证勃起功能障碍大鼠模型建立的实验研究

目的建立大鼠肝郁证勃起功能障碍(ED)模型,揭示肝郁证ED的可能发病机制。方法采用束缚盒慢性应激法,逐渐增加束缚强度与时间,造模共50d,观测雄性大鼠性活动,包括嗅舔次数,首次爬背时间,爬背次数,累计爬背时间并制作性器官病理切片及检测阴茎组织一氧化氮合成酶等指标。结果大鼠性活动及体重均表现出明显的差异性。性器官病理切片显示正常对照组与模型组存在差异。一氧化氮合成酶正常对照组与模型组差异有显著性(P<0．05)。结论实验表明束缚盒慢性应激法可造成大鼠肝郁证ED,其发病机制一是肝郁大鼠阴茎组织一氧化氮合成酶降低,使介导阴茎勃起的最主要非胆碱能非肾上腺能神经递质NO产生减少,阻止海绵体平滑肌舒张;二是肝郁导致性器官组织细胞病理改变,因此无法完成正常的勃起功能。     

肝郁证对雄性SD大鼠生殖功能影响的实验研究

目的 研究肝郁证对雄性SD大鼠生殖功能的影响.方法 取6月龄SD雄性大鼠18只,随机分成两组:空白组6只,模型组12只.空白组常规饲养,模型组采用自制枷锁套在大鼠颈部,并用自制的脚镣束缚其双后足,连续21d,观察两组大鼠一般状况和精子密度、活力、活率变化.结果 与空白组相比,模型组出现体质量显著下降,活动减少,毛发卷曲发黄无光泽;精子密度降低,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),活力及活率明显降低,差异具统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 通过颈部枷锁及双后足束缚可复制肝郁证模型,症证实肝郁证可影响雄性SD大鼠的精子活力及活率,导致精液质量下降,致生育障碍.     

慢性束缚应激小鼠海马神经元5-羟色胺1A受体表达的变化

目的 探讨慢性束缚应激小鼠海马神经元5-羟色胺1A(5-HT1A)受体表达的变化.方法 BALB/c种系雄性小鼠40只,6～9月龄,体重25～35 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=20):正常对照组(C组)和慢性束缚应激组(S组).S组慢性束缚应激模型制备成功后1d,依次进行悬尾实验、明暗穿箱实验和水迷宫实验,悬尾实验中记录静止时间,明暗穿箱实验中记录明亮箱中停留时间,水迷宫实验中记录逃避潜伏期和穿过平台次数.然后处死小鼠,取海马组织,采用免疫组化法测定CA1区和CA3区神经元5-HT1A受体的表达.结果 与C组比较,S组静止时间和逃避潜伏期延长,明亮箱中停留时间缩短,穿过平台次数减少,海马神经元5-HT1A受体表达下调(P＜0.05或O.01).结论 慢性束缚应激诱发小鼠认知功能障碍的机制与下调海马神经元5-HT1A受体表达有关.     

慢性应激抑郁型黄褐斑小鼠模型的建立

目的:根据黄褐斑主要发病因素,综合作用于小鼠建立抑郁型黄褐斑小鼠模型,并与现有方法建立的模型进行比较。方法:取小鼠30只,随机分为3组:正常组6只、紫外线组12只、紫外线+黄体酮+抑郁组12只。造模时间第一批21d,第二批28d,然后对各组小鼠皮肤和肝脏SOD、MDA含量,皮肤黑色素细胞个数、数密度和平均光密度值进行统计分析。结果:黄体酮+紫外线+慢性应激抑郁模型建立法造模较其他方法更能导致皮肤丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)升高和超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)降低以及皮肤黑色素细胞的增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。且同时停止紫外线照射后1周,黄体酮+紫外线+抑郁组色素沉着消退慢,黑色素数量仍高于其他模型组。结论:黄体酮+紫外线+慢性应激抑郁模型建立的黄褐斑小鼠模型获得成功。     

CGRP介导束缚应激大鼠骨代谢的实验研究

目的探讨降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)在慢性束缚应激大鼠骨退化中的作用。方法建立束缚应激大鼠模型,随机分为正常组(CON);束缚7 d组(A组);束缚14 d组(B组);束缚21 d组(C组),每组10只。观察股骨软骨下骨组织结构、细胞形态变化;用特异性放射免疫分析方法测定各组大鼠外周血、观察各组降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的改变。免疫组化染色检测各组软骨下骨组织CGRP的阳性表达。结果应激后C组大鼠细胞存活率下降(P﹤0.01)。C组外周血及软骨下骨CGRP的阳性细胞表达数均低于正常对照组,含量明显降低(P0.01)。结论在长期慢性束缚应激过程中低表达的神经肽导致骨代谢失衡,并显示退化状态。     

疏肝理气活血法对肝郁气滞大鼠阴茎海绵体PDE5活性影响的实验研究

目的 :探求肝郁气滞阴茎海绵体组织中Ⅴ型磷酸二酯酶 (PDE5 )活性及疏肝理气活血中药对其影响。　方法 :采用与人类精神性应激十分相似的非损伤性应激刺激法 ,制造肝郁气滞型SD大鼠动物模型 4 0只 ,随机法将大鼠分为 :空白组 ;肝郁证造模组 (简称模型组 ) ;萎康凝胶高剂量给药组 (高剂量组 )和低剂量给药组 (低剂量组 ) 4组 ,每组 10只。以免疫组化与计算机图像分析技术测定海绵体组织中PDE5活性。　结果 :高剂量组阴茎海绵体组织中PDE5活性与模型组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论 :肝郁气滞可导致阴茎海绵体组织中PDE5活性增强 ,而疏肝理气活血中药有抑制PDE5活性的作用     

肝郁阳痿模型制作

目的探讨肝郁阳痿动物模型制作方法.方法获得性交配经验的36只雄鼠随机分为正常组、模型 组及模型治疗组.模型组及模型治疗组大鼠每日悬空倒吊在水池上面,并不断激惹,其中模型治疗组大鼠灌胃给予2ml逍遥散浓缩液,每日两次,其它两组则给予等量生理盐水灌胃.两周后观测雄性大鼠的性活动状况,即雄鼠的骑乘潜伏期和骑乘次数,插入潜伏期和插入次数以及雄鼠的射精潜伏期,并计算雄鼠插入与骑乘次数的比值,同时取大鼠血液作血液流变学指标检测.结果 与正常组大鼠相比,模型大鼠精神萎靡,性动机以及性活动能力明显减弱,血液粘度明显增高;而用逍遥散治疗后模型大鼠的性动机、性活动能力以及血液粘度均有显著改善.结论本方法可引起模型大鼠的性动机和性活动能力明显减弱,而具有疏肝解郁作用的逍遥散可改善模型大鼠的性动机以及性活动能力,显示运用此方法可制作理想的肝郁阳痿大鼠模型.     

应激对反流性食管炎模型大鼠食管下段pH值及黏膜血流的影响

目的:观察应激对反流性食管炎模型大鼠食管下段p H值及黏膜血流的影响,探讨心理因素在反流性食管炎发生、发展中的作用。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组、应激组、模型组、应激-模型组,每组15只。采用改良部分贲门肌切开术联合外置幽门部分结扎术制备大鼠反流性食管炎模型。造模后7 d,应激组和模型-应激组用水浸束缚法行应激实验。实验结束后,各组大鼠麻醉、剖腹,检测各组大鼠食管下段p H值、黏膜血流。结果:与对照组比较,应激组大鼠食管下段p H值(3.21±0.32)、黏膜血流[(38.62±6.11)BPU]均下降(P0.01),模型组大鼠食管下段p H值(2.23±0.27)、黏膜血流[(30.16±6.79)BPU]均下降(P0.01);与模型组比较,应激-模型组大鼠食管下段p H值(2.01±0.19)、黏膜血流[(14.41±7.04)BPU]均下降(P0.01)。结论:应激可加重反流性食管炎模型大鼠食管黏膜缺血、降低食管下段p H值。     

伊木萨克片对DM性ED大鼠外周血中性激素水平的影响

目的 研究伊木萨克片对DM性ED大鼠外周血中性激素水平的影响.方法 取雄性SD大鼠70只,从中随机取10只为正常对照组,余60只以链脲佐菌素诱导建立DM模型后,行阿朴吗啡阴茎勃起实验筛选DM性ED模型.发生ED者随机分为DM性ED组、伊木萨克片组、胰岛素组、伊木萨克片 胰岛素(联用)组,未成DM者为STZ组,各组给药6周后,采用放射免疫法检测各组大鼠外周血中睾酮(T)、促黄体生成素(LH)和促卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平,同时称取睾丸重量,镜检睾丸的组织形态学改变.结果 DM性ED组睾酮水平显著低于正常对照组(P＜0.01);伊木萨克片组、胰岛素组与联用组睾酮水平显著高于DM性ED组(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜O.01);联用组睾酮水平显著高于伊木萨克片组与胰岛素组(P＜0.01,P＜0.01);DM性ED组LH水平显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01),FSH水平在各组之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).HE结果显示:DM性ED组生精小管发生显著病理变化,生精细胞、间质细胞数量较正常对照组和STZ组明显减少,各治疗组则明显好转,其中联用组显微结构与正常对照组相似.结论 (1)DM可致睾丸结构改变,影响睾酮的合成与分泌,并致大鼠血清睾酮水平显著降低:(2)伊木萨克片可显著提高DM性ED大鼠外周血中睾酮水平,在胰岛素控制血糖的基础上效果可能更佳,并提示伊木萨克片治疗DM性ED的作用机制可能与提高睾酮水平有关.     

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中神经生长因子的表达及其治疗作用的研究

目的:本研究通过检测糖尿病性勃起功能障碍(ED)大鼠阴茎组织中神经生长因子(NGF)表达,并使用hNGF进行治疗,以探讨糖尿病性ED发病机制及NGF治疗作用的机制。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠60只,随机取50只大鼠用于制作糖尿病模型,饲养8周后,取正常组和糖尿病组大鼠阴茎海绵体组织,采用RT-PCR和W estern印迹法检测NGF的mRNA及蛋白水平。从造模成功的糖尿病大鼠中筛选出有ED大鼠,把所有大鼠分为5组:正常组、糖尿病性ED组、糖尿病性ED单用NGF组(NGF组)、糖尿病性ED单用胰岛素组(R I组)、糖尿病性ED联合应用NGF和胰岛素组(NGF+R I组,胰岛素通过颈部皮下注射给药,NGF通过腹腔内注射给药),8周后测海绵体内压(ICP),并取所有大鼠阴茎海绵体组织用免疫组化法观察nNOS神经纤维的变化。结果:与正常组相比,糖尿病性ED组大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中NGF的mRNA表达增加,蛋白含量增加。与糖尿病性ED组相比,NGF组、R I组、NGF+R I组ICP水平显著升高(P<0.05);NGF组、R I组、NGF+R I组阴茎组织中nNOS神经纤维水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病晚期勃起神经出现损伤并发生ED,推测可能与NGF分泌增加的幅度小于高血糖状态对勃起神经的损伤程度有关,也可能与NGF与其相应受体结合转运能力损害有关,给予外源性NGF可能有助于糖尿病性ED局部神经病变减轻和勃起功能改善。提示NGF的异常在糖尿病性ED的发病及治疗中可能具有重要作用。     

伐地那非对肾阳虚、肾阴虚及肝气郁结型勃起功能障碍的疗效分析

目的:观察伐地那非对肾阳虚、肾阴虚及肝气郁结型勃起功能障碍(ED)的临床疗效。方法:将124例ED患者按中医辨证分为肾阳虚型ED(44例)、肾阴虚型ED(41例)、肝气郁结型ED(39例),所有患者每天服用伐地那非5 mg,总疗程为8周。结果:伐地那非能显著提高各型ED患者的勃起功能问卷-5(IIEF-5)和勃起质量表(EQS)评分,且各组间比较差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);伐地那非显著提高肾阳虚和肾阴虚型ED患者性交成功百分率(P<0.01),肝气郁结型ED在治疗后性交成功百分率也有明显提高(P<0.05);伐地那非还能显著提高各型ED患者阴茎勃起硬度,3组治疗后总体有效率分别为81.82%、73.17%、43.59%。结论:伐地那非对肾阳虚和肾阴虚型ED患者疗效优于肝气郁结型ED患者。     

Medical management of erectile dysfunction in aging males： is it too late to treat？

Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a common disorder among aging males. However, most aging males refuse to seek medical help and believe that ED is an irreversible event in the aging process. The purpose of this study was to describe the current medical management of ED in aging males and to examine whether it is too late to treat this disorder in these elderly men. From 2007 to 2008, 4507 patients diagnosed with ED were gathered from 46 centers in China; 4241 completed the study, 3837 of whom were treated with sildenafil. The 3837 patients were divided into five groups based on age （group A： 20-30 years; group B： 31-40 years; group C： 41-50 years; group D： 51-60 years; and group E： 〉60 years）. After comparing pre- and posttreatment International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain （IIEF-EF） questionnaires, Erection Hardness Scale （EHS）, and IIEF Q13 （＂How satisfied have you been with your overall sex life？＂）, we discovered that the aging males had worse erectile function, erection hardness, and sexual satisfaction than the younger males （P〈 0.001）. After treatment, the improvement rates in the IIEF-EF, EHS, and IIEF Q13 scores were 107.0%, 83.1%, and 116.5%, respectively. The magnitude of these changes demonstrated significant differences among groups （P 〈 0.001）. Accordingly, aging males are likely to benefit more from medical treatment. We propose that aging males should be informed that age is not a limiting factor for medical ED management, and it is never too late to treat.     

勃起功能障碍患者性治疗的临床应用研究

目的:探讨ED性治疗的临床应用。方法:在男科门诊用性治疗的方法对ED患者及伴侣进行治疗。参加性治疗的ED患者及伴侣共11对,其中2例患者伴有射精障碍,2例患者伴有性欲减退,1例患者的伴侣患有阴道痉挛。治疗前后通过访谈对患者和伴侣的性关系和整体关系进行评估,用IIEF对患者的性功能包括勃起功能(EF)、性高潮(OF)、性欲(SD)、性交满意度(IS)、总体满意度(OS)进行评估,并在治疗过程中通过观察和访谈分析性治疗存在的问题。结果:11对病例中,有5对病例完成性治疗全过程,1对由治疗师中止治疗,5对中途先后退出。5对完成治疗的病例,患者与伴侣的性关系比治疗前更加满意。IIEF问卷结果除SD外,EF、OF、IS、OS都比治疗前有所提高,尤其是EF的提高最明显。结论:性治疗是有效的治疗ED的方法。性治疗不仅能够改善患者的ED、伴发的其他性功能障碍,以及伴侣的性功能障碍,还能改善患者与伴侣的整体关系。     

Influence of erectile dysfunction on daily life and general attitudes towards treatments]

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the influence of erectile dysfunction (ED) on daily life and the attitude of citizens toward ED treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mail survey targeting married males and females, aged 30-79, was conducted throughout the nation. The effective responses were 2,034 males and 1,820 females. RESULTS: The ED prevalence rate of male respondents was 29.9% and that of females (indicating the recognition of husband's ED) was 30.1%. For both males and females, the frequency of sexual intercourse and satisfaction about their sexual lives were significantly lower in respondents with ED. 23.6% of males with ED and 16.0% of females whose husbands have ED experienced a negative influence of their married lives. Among male ED sufferers, however, only 4.8% of them had consulted a physician. The reasons cited most often for not consulting a physician were: "no influence on daily life", "not annoyed by ED", and "no interest in sex", Moreover, the barriers to visiting physicians were frequently cited, such as "shyness", "don't know which hospital to go to", and "expensive". With regard to insurance coverage of ED treatment, 80% or more of both men and women say that "it should be reimbursed for all ED patients" or "it should be conditionally reimbursed". CONCLUSIONS: It becomes clear that ED is found at considerable frequency. However, only 4.8% of ED patients had received appropriate treatment at medical facilities. With regard to insurance coverage for ED treatment, it turned out that 80% or more of both men and women supported reimbursement for ED treatment.     

男性下尿路症状和勃起功能障碍的相关性分析

目的:了解社区年龄≥50岁男性人群中有下尿路症状(LUTS)者ED的患病情况,评估LUTS(梗阻症状、刺激症状)和ED之间的相关性。方法:2006年10～11月对社区年龄≥50岁、有固定性伴侣的男性进行IPSS、IIEF-5调查,调查对象均签署知情同意书,完成规定问诊及相关检查,应用统计学方法对IPSS评分、梗阻症状评分以及刺激症状评分与勃起功能之间的相关性进行分析。结果:共调查245例,171例有LUTS患者中ED患病率为81.9%(140/171),无LUTS患者74例作为对照组,ED患病率为29.7%(22/74)。LUTS组中各年龄组ED的患病率分别为:50～59岁73.1%(38/52)、60～69岁82.1%(46/56)、≥70岁88.9%(56/63),各年龄组之间IPSS、IIEF-5比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),各年龄组之间轻、中、重度ED所占比例比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。LUTS组中IPSS评分程度分布:轻度80例(46.8%)、中度67例(39.2%)、重度24例(14.0%),不同程度LUTS中ED者所占比例分别为:轻度LUTS71.3%(57/80)、中度LUTS89.6%(60/67)、重度LUTS95.8%(23/24),LUTS程度和ED患病率之间有显著相差性(r=0.52,P<0.01)。171例平均梗阻症状评分(3.1±3.6)分,梗阻症状与IIEF-5评分相关系数r=-0.41(P<0.01),平均刺激症状评分(6.8±4.9)分,刺激症状与IIEF-5评分相关系数r=-0.59(P<0.01)。结论:社区LUTS人群中ED有较高的患病率,LUTS程度和ED患病率显著性正相关,与梗阻症状相比刺激症状对中老年男性性生活的影响更大。在治疗LUTS的同时应该考虑ED问题,以求更有效改善患者生活质量。     

胆汁酸在梗阻性黄疸小鼠肝部分切除术后肝再生中作用的研究

目的：探讨胆汁酸（CA）在梗阻性黄疸（OJ）小鼠肝部分切除术后肝再生中的作用及机制。 方法：180只健康雄性小鼠随机均分为6组,分别行假手术（对照组）、胆总管结扎（OJ组）、胆总管结扎并于7 d加行外引流（ED组）、胆总管结扎+0.2%CA灌胃并7 d后加行外引流（ED+0.2%CA组）、胆总管结扎+1%CA灌胃并于7 d后加行外引流（ED+1%CA组）、胆总管结扎并于7 d后加行内引流（ID组）,各组分别于实验第14天行70%肝切除,且各外引流组改行内引流。检测各组肝切除术后不同时间点肝再生率与肝组织增殖细胞核抗原Ki-67表达、叉状头盒M1b基因（Foxm1b）mRNA相对表达、成纤维细胞生长因子受体4（FGFR4）蛋白表达,并观察部分组肝细胞原位凋亡情况。 结果：除对照组外,肝再生率、肝组织Ki-67阳性表达率、Foxm1b mRNA及FGFR4蛋白表达在其余各组均由高到低依次为：ID组>ED+0.2%CA组>ED组>OJ组>ED+1%CA组,组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;ID组与对照组间各指标差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;肝细胞凋亡率由高到低依次为：ED+1%C组>ED组>ED+0.2%CA组>对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。 结论：内引流通过减少内源性CA的丢失有利于肝切除后肝再生;外源性低浓度CA可以恢复外引流引起的肝再生障碍,可能与其上调Foxm1b与FGFR4的表达从而促进肝再生有关。     

Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction: results of the 'Cologne Male Survey'.

The last few decades have seen a marked increase in mean life expectancy in Central Europe. This has made elderly people and their quality of life a matter of ever-increasing medical concern. Available data from the United States and Scandinavia relating to erectile dysfunction (ED) do not enable us to draw valid conclusions about the current situation in Germany. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the epidemiology of male sexuality in Germany, and the proportion of men who need medical treatment because of increased suffering from this.A newly developed and validated questionnaire on male erectile dysfunction was mailed to a representative population sample of 8000 men, 30-80 y of age in the Cologne urban district.The response included 4489 evaluable replies (56.1%). The response rates in different age groups ranged from 49.2% to 68.4%. Regular sexual activity was reported by 96.0% (youngest age group) to 71.3% (oldest group). There were 31.5%-44% of responders who were dissatisfied with their current sex life. The prevalence of ED was 19.2%, with a steep age-related increase (2.3-53.4%) and a high co-morbidity of ED with hypertension, diabetes, pelvic surgery and 'lower urinary tract symptoms'. When treatment need was defined by co-occurrence of ED and dissatisfaction with sex life, 6.9% men required treatment for ED. Oral treatment of ED was preferred by 73.8% of respondents. There were 46.2% respondents who were willing to contribute more than DM 50 (25 Euro) per month for ED treatment.We conclude that regular sexual activity is a normal finding in advanced age. ED is a frequent disorder, contributing to dissatisfaction with sex life in a considerable proportion of men. The high burden of ED is reflected in willingness to pay for treatment. ED is frequently associated with chronic diseases. Therefore adequate diagnostic workup is essential, to offer patients individually adapted treatment. General non-reimbursability of treatment for ED appears to be unacceptable.     

北京地区老年男性性生活现状初步调查

目的:了解北京地区老年男性性生活平均终止年龄及勃起功能障碍(ED)的发生率及影响因素。方法:共入选764例健康体检门诊接受检查60岁以上的男性,调查采用性健康评估资源(SHARE)问卷及国际勃起功能指数5(IIEF-5)和门诊咨询形式,根据患者的自我评价诊断ED。结果:北京地区男性终止性生活(2年以上无性交)年龄为(68.4±5.2)岁,ED的总发生率为89.4%,其中轻度6.7%、中度18.6%、重度28.4%和无性生活率35.7%。在严重ED终止性生活的老年男性中,60～64岁组占26.8%,而70岁以上组则超过50%。统计分析结果显示,年龄、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病、肥胖和下尿路症状(LUTS)是影响ED的重要危险因子。结论:ED是老年人群中的常见病,也是终止性生活的主要原因。年龄和一般身体状态是影响ED的重要因素。     

Management of premature ejaculation -- a comparison of treatment outcome in patients with and without erectile dysfunction

This study evaluated the problem of premature ejaculation (PE) in patients treated for erectile dysfunction. The aim was to compare the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the management of primary PE and PE associated with sildenefil treatment. Eighty-seven patients with PE seen over a period of 17 months were recruited into this prospective study. They were categorized into two groups: primary PE (GPI) and PE in sildenefil-treated patients (GPII). All patients recruited into GPII had erectile dysfunction (ED) that was successfully treated with sildenefil citrate for at least a year. Both groups of patients were given sertraline 50 mg 4 h before expected time of sex. The minimum follow-up was 6 months. The ejaculation latency before and after treatment of the two groups were compared. The sexual satisfaction scores of the patients in the two groups were also sought and analysed. Twenty-eight percent of patients with ED who were successfully treated with sildenefil developed PE. Subjects in group GPI were younger and have less comorbid factors than those in group GPII. There was no significant difference in the mean ejaculation latency for both groups (46 vs. 34.6 sec for GPI and GPII, respectively). However, there was highly significant difference in the ejaculation latency between the two groups after treatment with sertraline for 6 months (247.2 vs. 111.6 sec for GPI and GPII, respectively). There was also significant difference in the sexual satisfaction score for group GPI post-treatment, but not for GPII. No significant side-effect of sertraline was reported from patients in both groups. Successful treatment of ED could not assure sexual satisfaction. At least a quarter of sildenefil treated ED patients might develop PE which would continue to frustrate these patients sexually. While selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) was effective in the management of primary PE, they were not as effective in patients with sildenefil corrected ED.