血管紧张素原基因T174M和血管紧张素转换酶基因I/D多态性与急性心肌梗死的相关性

目的探讨中国汉族人群血管紧张素转换酶和血管紧张素原基因型的分布及其与急性心肌梗死的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应技术,对112例急性心肌梗死患者、128例非冠心病患者血管紧张素转换酶I/D多态性及血管紧张素原T174M多态性进行检测。结果血管紧张素转换酶基因型分布及等位基因频率在病例组及对照组间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。病例组和对照组血管紧张素原基因型及等位基因频率总体分布差异亦有显著性(P<0.05)。联合基因分析显示,急性心肌梗死组血管紧张素转换酶DD基因型 血管紧张素原174MM基因型频率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),具有该联合基因型者发生冠心病的风险比数比(OR=8.467)明显高于单独具有血管紧张素转换酶DD基因型(OR=2.558)或血管紧张素原174MM基因型(OR=6.176)者。结论血管紧张素原T174M基因多态性中M等位基因和血管紧张素转换酶I/D基因多态性基因中的D等位基因是中国汉族人群冠心病发病的危险因素之一。同时具有血管紧张素转换酶DD型及血管紧张素原174MM型发生冠心病的相对风险显著高于单基因血管紧张素转换酶DD型及单基因血管紧张素原174MM型。     

湖南汉族冠心病患者与血管紧张素转化酶基因插入/缺失多态性的相关性

探讨血管紧张素转化酶基因插入 缺失多态性与湖南汉族人冠心病之间的关系 ,采用聚合酶链反应检测 10 0冠心病患者和 5 4例健康人的血管紧张素转化酶基因型 ,同时检测内皮素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和一氧化氮水平。结果发现 ,冠心病组血管紧张素转化酶基因型及等位基因频率与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。与插入缺失杂合型 (ID) +插入纯合型 (II)相比 ,缺失纯合型 (DD)比值比为 7.2 7(χ2 =13.4 2 ,95 %CI为 2 .38～ 2 2 .2 4 ,P <0 .0 1)。内皮素 一氧化氮比值、血管紧张素Ⅱ水平在冠心病组明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。结果提示 ,湖南汉族人冠心病的发生可能与DD型血管紧张素转化酶基因密切相关。     

血管紧张素转换酶和血管紧张素受体基因多态性与冠心病的关系

目的　探讨深圳地区冠心病 (CAD)与血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因与血管紧张素 的 1型受体 (AT1R)基因多态性的关系。方法　分别采用 PCR及 PCR- Afl II酶切法 ,检测 89例 CAD患者和 14 8例健康对照的 ACE和AT1R基因型。结果　 CAD组与对照组比较 ,ACE DD基因型频率 (2 4 .7%比 8.1% ,P<0 .0 1)及 D型等位基因频率 (4 4 .4 %比 33.4 % ,P<0 .0 5 )均为升高。 CAD组与对照组 AT1R基因型频率分布无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。携带 AT1R C等位基因的个体患 CAD的风险与其同时携带 ACE DD基因型无关 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　深圳地区CAD的发生和发展可能与 ACE基因 I/ D多态性有关 ,而与 AT1R基因 A116 6 C多态性无关     

ACE基因多态性与原发性高血压患者血清ACE及AngⅡ浓度的关系

目的　研究原发性高血压患者血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因多态性与血清血管紧张素转换酶及血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度的关系。方法　应用聚合酶链反应技术 (PCR)检测 82 1例高血压患者的ACE基因型 ,同时测定其血清ACE水平、血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度及醛固酮浓度 ,比较不同基因型患者其血清ACE、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮水平有无差别。结果　II、ID、DD基因型患者血清ACE水平分别为 ( 3 2 0 9± 15 62 )U/L ,( 4 1 46± 16 67)U/L和 ( 4 7 60± 19 5 4)U/L ;组间差异具有显著性(P <0 0 1) ;三组基因型患者血管紧张素Ⅱ水平分别为 ( 63 78± 2 9 86) pg/mL ,( 63 89± 2 9 19) pg/mL和 ( 62 3 5± 2 0 66)pg/mL ,三者差别无统计学意义 ;醛固酮浓度在三种基因型患者中分别是 ( 15 1 98± 5 2 91)ng/L ,( 15 5 3 9± 49 91)ng/L和( 171 82± 43 82 )ng/L ,组间差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。多元线性回归结果表明DD基因型是影响血清ACE水平的主要因素 ,但对血管紧张素Ⅱ水平无影响。结论　不同ACE基因型患者血清ACE水平存在明显差异 ,DD基因型患者血清ACE水平明显高于ID型和II型患者。血管紧张素Ⅱ水平在三种基因型间无明显差异     

血管紧张素转换酶和血管紧张素原基因多态与心肌梗死相关性的研究

目的　探讨血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)和血管紧张素原 (AGT)基因多态与中国北方人群中心肌梗死 (MI)发病的相关性。方法　采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)和酶切方法对 90例正常对照者和 6 5例MI患者的ACE插入 /缺失(I/D)多态 ,AGT的M2 35T多态进行检测。结果　MI患者中ACE基因的DD基因型频率 0 431明显高于对照组0 15 6 (P <0 0 1) ,D等位基因频率 0 5 91高于对照组 0 333(P <0 0 1) ,MI患者中AGT基因的TT基因型频率0 6 92高于对照组 0 5 6 7(P <0 0 5 )。结论　DD基因型和TT基因型与中国北方人群心肌梗死相关 ,提示它们是心肌梗死的危险因子。     

肾素-血管紧张素系统基因多态性与冠心病的关系

目的探讨肾素-血管紧张素系统三个关键基因血管紧张素转化酶基因插入/缺失多态性、血管紧张素原基因M235T多态性及血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体基因A1166/C多态性与冠心病的关系。方法应用多聚酶链反应-限制片长多态性方法对110例冠心病患者和80例健康人分别进行单基因和基因连锁分析。结果①冠心病组血管紧张素转化酶基因DD基因型(43.6%)及D等位基因频率(60.5%)明显高于正常对照组(分别为26.3%和44.4%,P<0.05);血管紧张素原基因TT基因型(66.4%)及T等位基因频率(78.6%)亦明显高于正常对照组(分别为42.5%和60.6%,P<0.05);与正常对照组相比,冠心病组血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体基因的AA、AC基因型频率和A、C等位基因频率差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。②联合分析三个基因多态性罹患冠心病的相对风险,其OR为3.395,高于单基因血管紧张素转化酶DD型(OR为2.175)及血管紧张素原TT型(OR为2.669),低于血管紧张素转化酶DD型 血管紧张素原TT型(OR为6.098)。结论血管紧张素转化酶基因插入/缺失多态性及血管紧张素原基因M235T多态性与冠心病有关,而血管紧张素Ⅱ 1型受体基因A1166/C多态性可能与冠心病无关联。同时具有血管紧张素转化酶DD型及血管紧张素原TT型者发生冠心病的相对风险显著增高。     

缺失型血管紧张素转换酶基因与心肌梗死患者血浆载脂蛋白E水平的关系

目的 :探讨缺失型血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因与心肌梗死患者血浆载脂蛋白 E(apo E)浓度间的关系。方法 :用免疫比浊法测定 5 5例陈旧性心肌梗死 (OMI)患者及 47例对照者血浆 apo E浓度。用 PCR法检测ACE基因缺失 (D) /插入 (I)多态性。结果 :OMI患者血浆 apo E浓度为 (5 2 .1± 14.6 ) m g/ L ,显著高于对照组(41.2± 17.2 ) mg/ L (P <0 .0 5 )。 OMI组 ACE DD(5 1.2± 14.7) m g/ L、DI(5 4.7± 12 .1) mg/ L、II(5 9.0± 2 6 .0 )m g/ L基因型间血浆 apo E水平无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 ACE DD基因型频率及 D等位基因频率与对照组比较无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :缺失型 ACE基因可能与 OMI患者血浆 apo E水平无相关关系     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性对冠心病患者血管内皮舒张功能的影响

目的:观察血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因多态性对冠心病患者内皮功能的影响及其抑制剂的干预作用.方法:选取冠心病患者(冠心病组)68例,对照组69例,聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测ACE基因插入/缺失(L/D)多态性,超声检测肱动脉内皮功能.结果:冠心病组DD基因型明显高于对照组.冠心病组ACE各基因型内皮依赖性舒张功能均低于对照组,DD基因型最为明显;非内皮依赖性舒张功能差异无显著性.血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)治疗后冠心病组各型肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能与治疗前比较均有显著性改善,其中DD基因型改善最为明显.结论:冠心病患者血管内皮功能异常与ACE基因I/D多态性相关.ACEI可以改善内皮功能,特别是对DD基因型患者改善更为明显.     

血管紧张素转化酶基因I/D多态性与卡托普利疗效和咳嗽不良反应的关系及其可能机制

目的 探讨血管紧张素转化酶基因I/D多态性与卡托普利降压效果、咳嗽不良反应发生率的关系及其可能机制.方法 筛选原发性高血压患者186例,检测血管紧张素转化酶基因I/D多态性,按血管紧张素转化酶I/D基因型分为II型、ID型和DD型三组,给予卡托普利降压(25 mg,2次/天),治疗8周,每周随访观察患者血压及咳嗽不良反应发生情况,失访20例.紫外法检测治疗前后血管紧张素转化酶水平、放射免疫法检测P物质水平.比较三组降压疗效、咳嗽不良反应发生率、血管紧张素转化酶及P物质水平的差异,并分析其可能的关系. 结果三组间治疗前后血压水平及下降幅度、治疗有效率及显效率差异均无显著性.共有68例患者出现咳嗽不良反应,II基因型组咳嗽不良反应的发生率为57.1%,显著高于ID基因型组和DD基因型组(P<0.05).三组间治疗前后血管紧张素转化酶水平差异显著 (P<0.001),在DD基因型组>ID基因型组>II基因型组(P<0.001).治疗前后P物质水平在II基因型、ID基因型和DD基因型组依次降低,但组间比较差异无显著性.P物质水平与血管紧张素转化酶水平存在显著负相关(r=-0.652, P<0.001).结论 卡托普利的降压疗效与血管紧张素转化酶基因I/D多态性无明显相关.携带血管紧张素转化酶II基因型的患者服用卡托普利后咳嗽不良反应的发生率较其它两型高.血管紧张素转化酶水平较低是高血压病患者出现血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂相关性咳嗽的重要原因,P物质是参与血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂相关性咳嗽不良反应发生的重要物质.     

脑梗死患者血管紧张素转化酶基因多态性与血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平研究

探讨脑梗死患者血管紧张素转化酶基因多态性与血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平的关系。应用聚合酶链反应测定 173例高血压脑梗死患者血管紧张素转化酶基因插入 /缺失 (D/I)多态性以及用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平 ,并与正常对照组比较。结果发现 ,脑梗死组血管紧张素转化酶DD基因型频率为 0 .39,明显高于对照组的 0 .2 4 (P <0 .0 1)。进一步分析发现这种异常与发病年龄≤ 6 0岁组血管紧张素转化酶DD基因型频率明显增高有关。脑梗死组中血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平为 2 9.8± 10 .2ng/L ,与对照相比差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但血管紧张素转化酶DD基因型者血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平显著高于对照组和同组DI基因型和Ⅱ基因型者 (P <0 .0 1)。发病年龄≤ 6 0岁血管紧张素转化酶DD基因型者血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平增高最明显。结果提示 ,血管紧张素转化酶DD基因型是脑梗死发病危险因素 ,发病年龄小于 6 0岁的脑梗死者可能与血管紧张素转化酶D等位基因频率增高、血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平增高有关。     

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in a low-risk European population for coronary artery disease

An insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) has been associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). However, this finding has not been fully investigated in European populations with very low CAD risk. In a case-control study on a population from Southern Europe (Toulouse, France), we evaluated the ACE I/D polymorphism in 405 men, aged 35–65 years, who underwent coronary angiography and in 357 representative control men within the same age range. We also explored associations in the patients between this polymorphism and CAD severity. The ACE genotype was not associated with the presence of either CAD or MI. The ACE genotype was not a marker for angiographically assessed CAD severity. In a sample in one of the European populations with the lowest CAD risk, ACE I/D polymorphism was not associated with an increased risk for CAD or MI and did not influence the extent of CAD.     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion genotype is associated with the activities of plasma coagulation factor VII and X independent of triglyceride metabolism

BACKGROUND: The D allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and coagulation activity play important roles in cardiovascular events, however, the precise association between these two risk factors remains unclear. METHODS: We identified the ACE I/D genotype and measured the plasma coagulation factor VII and X (FVII and FX) activities and serum lipids in 172 patients (110 men and 62 women, mean age 56.7+/-13.3 years) undergoing coronary angiography. RESULTS: The frequency of the D allele was significantly higher in those with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) than in those with normal coronary arteries, but there was no significant association between FVII and FX activities and the stage of coronary disease. Plasma coagulation factor VII and FX activities were significantly lower in the DD genotype (n=42) than in the II genotype (n=67, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) or the ID genotype (n=63, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). The association of the ACE D allele with lower activities of FVII and FX was also seen in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). There was a significant association between serum triglyceride levels with FVII and FX, but not with the ACE I/D genotype. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the ACE I/D polymorphism may contribute more to the onset of MI than the activities of FVII and FX and that the ACE D allele might be associated with lower plasma activities of FVII and FX. The potential link between ACE I/D polymorphism and the plasma activities of FVII and FX is probably independent of triglyceride metabolism.     

Endothelin-1 and vasopressin plasma levels are not associated with the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene in patients with coronary artery disease

The objective was to investigate whether the renin-angiotensin (RA) system and related peptides endothelin-1 (ET-1) and vasopressin (VP) influence the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism has been associated with the risk of CAD. The ACE I/D polymorphism determines ACE activity, but plasma levels of other RA system components remain unchanged. However, ET-1 and VP production could be increased by RA system-dependent stimulation, continually promoted by paracrine stimulation and sustained by neointimal growth. ET-1 and VP have not been associated with the ACE I/D polymorphism so far. The present study investigated the association of the ACE I/D polymorphism with plasma concentrations of ET-1 and VP, as well as with renin, angiotensin-II (AT-II) and ACE activity in 98 Caucasian individuals with CAD. ACE I/D polymorphism showed no association with plasma levels of VP, ET-1, AT-II or renin. These parameters were also not associated taking into consideration different patient variables, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension or severity of CAD. Only plasma ACE activity was associated with the D allele. In conclusion, the ACE I/D polymorphism could not be related to plasma concentrations of VP, ET-1, renin or AT-II, but as previously demonstrated, it could only be related to ACE activity in patients with CAD. Differences in ACE activity between ACE I/D genotype subgroups are probably compensated within the RA system itself or within non-ACE pathways, so that plasma concentrations of the related peptides ET-1 and VP remain unaffected.     

The insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene determines coronary vascular tone and nitric oxide activity

OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene modulates vasomotor tone and endothelial function. BACKGROUND: The deletion allele of the ACE I/D polymorphism has been associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular pathology. The risk is synergistically increased in patients who also possess the C allele at position 1,166 of the angiotensin type I (AT1) receptor gene. METHODS: In 177 patients with coronary atherosclerosis or its risk factors, we investigated endothelial function with intracoronary acetylcholine (ACH), endothelium-independent smooth muscle function with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and basal nitric oxide activity with L-NG monomethyl arginine. RESULTS: Compared with ACE II genotype, patients with the ACE DD genotype had lower coronary microvascular and epicardial responses with SNP (coronary blood flow increase 196 +/- 26% vs. 121 +/- 11%, p = 0.003, and diameter increase 21.9 +/- 2% vs. 17 +/- 1%, p = 0.03, ACE II vs. DD, respectively). L-NG monomethyl arginine induced greater constriction in patients with the ACE DD compared with ACE II genotype (coronary blood flow -10 +/- 4% vs. 11 +/- 5%, p = 0.003, ACE DD vs. II and diameter constriction -6.3 +/- 1.2% vs. -1.9 +/- 1.2%, p = 0.01, respectively, in patients with atherosclerosis). No difference in ACH-mediated vasomotion was detected between the three ACE genotypes. The AT1 receptor polymorphism did not influence responses to either SNP or ACH. CONCLUSIONS: Patients possessing the D allele of the ACE gene have increased vascular smooth muscle tone. The enhanced tone appears to be counterbalanced by an increase in basal nitric oxide activity in patients with atherosclerosis.     

Interactions between angiotensin-I converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and response of plasma lipids and coronary atherosclerosis to treatment with fluvastatin: the lipoprotein and coronary atherosclerosis study

OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to determine whether angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism was associated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its progression/regression in response to fluvastatin therapy in the Lipoprotein and Coronary Atherosclerosis Study (LCAS) population. BACKGROUND: Genetic factors are involved in susceptibility to CAD. Angiotensin-1 converting enzyme I/D polymorphism, which accounts for half of the variance of plasma and tissue levels of ACE, has been implicated in susceptibility to CAD and myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: Angiotensin-1 converting enzyme genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fasting plasma lipids were measured and quantitative coronary angiograms were obtained at baseline and 2.5 years following randomization to fluvastatin or placebo. RESULTS: Ninety-one subjects had DD, 198 ID and 75 II genotypes. The mean blood pressure, minimum lumen diameter (MLD), number of coronary lesions and total occlusions were not significantly different at baseline or follow-up among the genotypes. There was a significant genotype-by-treatment interaction for total cholesterol (p = 0.018), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.005) and apolipoprotein (apo) B (p = 0.045). In response to fluvastatin therapy, subjects with DD, compared with those with ID and II genotypes, had a greater reduction in total cholesterol (19% vs. 15% vs. 13%), LDL-C (31% vs. 25% vs. 21%) and apo B (23% vs. 15% vs. 12%). Definite progression was less (14%) and regression was more common (24%) in DD as compared with those with ID (32% and 17%) and II (33% and 3%) genotypes (p = 0.023). Changes in the mean MLD and lesion-specific MLD also followed the same trend. CONCLUSIONS: Angiotensin-1 converting enzyme I/D polymorphism is associated with the response of plasma lipids and coronary atherosclerosis to treatment with fluvastatin. Subjects with DD genotype had a greater reduction in LDL-C, a higher rate of regression and a lower rate of progression of CAD.     

Relation between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene and restenosis after coronary stenting

BACKGROUND: Observations with intravascular ultrasound demonstrated that neointimal hyperplasia is the predominant factor responsible for in-stent restenosis. Experimental data suggest that angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) plays a role in the thickening of neointima after balloon denudation. Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene is significantly associated with plasma level of ACE and subjects with D/D genotype have significantly higher plasma levels of ACE than normal. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether this polymorphism influences the risk of restenosis after coronary stenting. METHODS: We genotyped 158 patients who had undergone single-vessel coronary stenting for the ACE I/D polymorphism. RESULTS: Of the 158 patients, 56 (35%) had the D/D genotype, 71 (45%) had the I/D genotype and 31 (20%) had the I/I genotype. Prevalences of genotypes were compatible with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and distributions of ACE genotype among patients and 132 healthy controls from the same geographic area did not differ. At follow-up (after a median duration of 5.4 months), overall rates of angiographic restenosis and of revascularization of target lesion (RTL) were 32.3 and 22.8%, respectively. Of 51 patients with angiographic restenosis, 31 (60.8%) had focal and 20 (39.2%) had diffuse patterns of restenosis. Diffuse in-stent restenosis was significantly more prevalent among patients with D/D genotype (P = 0.016). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis identified ACE I/D polymorphism as the independent predictor of angiographic restenosis and RTL. Relative risk of angiographic restenosis was 6.29 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.80-22.05, P = 0.0004] for D/D genotype and 3.88 (95% CI 1.11-13.12, P = 0.029) for I/D genotype, whereas relative risk of RTL was 7.44 (95% CI 1.60-34.58, P = 0.01) for D/D genotype and 3.88 (95% CI 0.083-18.15, P = 0.085) for I/D genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The ACE I/D polymorphism is significantly associated with risk of angiographic and clinical restenosis after coronary stenting. Angiographic pattern of restenosis is also significantly associated with I/D polymorphism, diffuse type being more prevalent among subjects with D/D genotype.     

Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene Is Associated With Coronary Artery Plaque Calcification As Assessed by Intravascular Ultrasound

Objectives. We evaluated the influence of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene on coronary plaque morphology and calcification in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD).Background. The ACE I/D polymorphism has been associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction in patients with the DD genotype but not with the presence of native CAD.Methods. We studied 146 patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for stable angina pectoris by means of preinterventional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Qualitative and quantitative criteria were used to classify the target lesions as poorly or highly echoreflective or as calcified. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the I/D polymorphism, with a second insertion-specific PCR in DD genotypes to prevent mistyping.Results. The ACE genotype groups (DD 46, ID 68, II 32) were well matched for the basic characteristics. Patients with the DD genotype had significantly more calcified lesions (DD 80%, ID 57%, II 66%; unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30 to 6.92, p = 0.008) and more calcifications >180° of the vessel circumference (DD 22%, ID 10%, II 6%; OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.05 to 7.63, p = 0.03). The prevalence of myocardial infarction was not significantly associated with coronary calcification (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.72 to 2.88, p = 0.31).Conclusions. Patients with CAD and the ACE DD genotype have a significantly higher incidence and greater extent of coronary lesion calcification, as determined by IVUS. This finding indicates that the ACE I/D gene polymorphism is related to the development or progression of atherosclerotic plaque calcification.     

血管紧张素转化酶基因的插入／缺失多态性与心肌梗塞关系的研究

本研究运用ＰＣＲ技术对我国人１１６例心肌梗塞（ＭＩ）和１０３例健康作对照的血管紧张素转化酶（ＡＣＥ）基因插入／缺失多态性进行了检测，并与血清ＡＣＥ水平、ＭＩ发病、冠状动脉病变支数等指标进行比较。结果显示ＭＩ组缺失等位基因Ｄ频率０．４６和ＤＤ基因型频率０．２７显著高于对照组的０．３３和０．１２（分别为Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。同时发现缺失多态性与血清ＡＣＥ水平、ＭＩ组冠状动脉病变支数呈相关性。表明ＡＣＥ基因缺失多态性可能是我国人群ＭＩ发病的重要危险因素之一。     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism interacts with left ventricular ejection fraction and brain natriuretic peptide levels to predict mortality after myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was the exploration of the associations between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and post-myocardial infarction (MI) outcomes, especially any interaction with the accepted clinical prognostic markers brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). BACKGROUND: The ACE gene I/D polymorphism has been implicated in the development of MI, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy. We examined the association of ACE I/D and prognosis after acute MI. METHODS: Patients incurring acute MI were genotyped for the ACE I/D polymorphism. Clinical data included assays of neurohormones, radionuclide ventriculography, and mortality over a mean 2.6 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Patients (n = 978) had a mean age of 62.1 years, and 78% were male. Overall genotype frequencies were II 23.2%, ID 49.5%, and DD 27.3%. Chi-square analysis revealed an association between the ACE D allele and death after MI (88 of 103 who died were DD or ID; p < 0.05), with an odds ratio for mortality of 8.03 (95% confidence interval, 2.16 to 29.88). Patients with the DD genotype had higher (p < 0.05) plasma BNP, N-terminal BNP (N-BNP), and endothelin-1 levels within 96 h after MI than grouped ID/II patients. Multivariate analysis indicated ACE genotype, age, and previous MI were independent predictors of death (p < 0.05). Patients with an ACE D allele in combination with either a lower than median LVEF or greater than median BNP had a higher mortality (p < 0.001 and p < 0.025, respectively) than the risk associated with the D allele itself. CONCLUSIONS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotyping may provide additional prognostic information in patients after MI in combination with the proven utility of LVEF, plasma BNP, and N-BNP measurements.