血栓抽吸导管在急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用Diver CE血栓抽吸导管的可靠性、实用性与安全性。方法选择我院2006年7月至2007年7月接受直接PCI的AMI患者64例,分成血栓抽吸后经皮冠状动脉介入治疗组(PT+PCI)与单纯PCI组,比较两组间TIMI血流、心肌灌注分级(TMP)(2.65±0.54)级、2 h ST段回落率56.07%±9.20%、左室射血分数(LVEF)及血管重建率。结果PT+PCI组的TIMI血流(2.54±0.18)级、TMP(2.65±0.54)级、2 h ST段回落率89.73%±9.43%、LVEF值56.07%±9.20%及血管重建率0%,明显优于单纯PCI组的TIMI血流(2.01±0.28)级、TMP(1.52±0.47)级、2 hST段回落率56.41%±12.59%、LVEF值51.11%±8.97%及血管重建率3.33%(P<0.05)。结论PCI中应用Diver CE血栓抽吸装置能明显减少冠状动脉血栓及远端栓塞,有效地改善心肌灌注,减少无复流发生,使用安全,效果明显。     

老年人血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的变化

目的　观察老年人肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的变化。方法　采用无创性超声法检测 1 4 5例受试者血流介导性肱动脉舒张 (FMD ,内皮依赖性舒张功能 )和硝酸甘油介导性肱动脉舒张 (NMD ,非内皮依赖性舒张功能 )。结果　年龄 >60岁受试者FMD较≤ 60岁者明显降低 (5 65 %± 6 1 2 % ,3 33 %± 3 72 % ,P =0 0 0 7) ;冠心病者较非冠心病者FMD(2 98%± 3 65 % ,8 37%± 6 41 % ,P <0 0 0 1和NMD(1 6 61 %± 7 2 5% ,2 2 78%±8 82 % ,P <0 0 1 )均明显降低 ,>60岁冠心病患者FMD较≤ 60岁冠心病患者降低 (1 90 %± 2 1 9% ,4 1 7%± 4 49% ,P <0 0 1 ) ;多因素逐步回归分析显示FMD与年龄 (t=- 3 92 6,P <0 0 0 1 )呈负相关 ;在单纯冠心病者仍显示FMD与年龄成负相关 (t=- 3 2 4 9,P =0 0 0 2 )。结论　老年人内皮依赖性血管舒张功能受损 ,年龄可直接损害内皮依赖性血管舒张功能 ,即使在冠心病存在时亦然 ,加重冠心病患者受损的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能。     

不稳定性心绞痛患者循环内皮祖细胞与血管内皮功能的变化

目的探讨不稳定性心绞痛患者外周血循环内皮祖细胞(EPCS)与血管内皮功能的变化。方法采用高分辨率血管超声法检测30例不稳定性心绞痛患者与30例正常者作对照组肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)及硝酸甘油介导的非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(NMD);流式细胞仪测定外周血中CD34+单个核细胞的水平;外周血分离单个核细胞一定条件下培养2周,免疫组织化学技术鉴定培养贴壁细胞表面标志CD34的表达;倒置荧光显微镜鉴定贴壁细胞FITC-UEA-I和DII-ACLDL双染色阳性细胞为正在分化的EPCS。结果不稳定性心绞痛组FMD明显低于对照组[(5·85±3·04)%比(8·81±4·48)%,P<0·05];NMD在两组中差异无统计学意义[(13·60±5·03)%比(14·18±4·50)%,P>0·05];CD34+细胞水平明显高于对照组[(0·13±0·05)%比(0·09±0·04)%,P<0·05];FMD与CD34+细胞水平呈负相关(R=-0·385,P<0·05)。培养的贴壁细胞免疫组化显示CD34阳性,倒置荧光显微镜显示这些贴壁细胞FITC-UEA-I和DII-ACLDL双染色阳性。结论不稳定性心绞痛患者CD34+细胞增加和血管内皮功能受损,提示循环EPCS增加可能是对急性冠状动脉缺血和内皮损伤的代偿反应。     

辛伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的 :观察辛伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛 (UA)患者血管内皮依赖性血管舒张功能 (FMD)的影响。方法 :4 2例UA患者随机分为常规治疗组和辛伐他汀治疗组 ,治疗 8周前后 ,采静脉血用酶法测定甘油三酯和胆固醇的浓度 ;采用高分辨率血管外超声法检测治疗前后肱动脉FMD和内皮非依赖性舒张功能 (NMD)。结果 :辛伐他汀治疗 8周后肱动脉FMD(6 .14± 0 .4 5 ) %较治疗前 (2 .4 5± 0 .2 1) %及常规治疗组 (2 .5 0± 0 .36 ) %均显著改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而肱动脉NMD差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :辛伐他汀具有改善UA患者血管FMD的作用     

急性心肌梗死时心电图ST段抬高恢复时间对预测溶栓治疗后心室壁运动的临床意义

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死时 (AMI)心电图ST段抬高恢复时间对预测溶栓治疗后心室壁运动的临床意义。方法　将监护病房 (CCU)收治并接受静脉尿激酶溶栓治疗且符合梗死相关血管再通标准的 36 0例AMI患者 ,根据溶栓后心电图ST段抬高达到稳定性下移 5 0 %的时间 ,分成A组 (时间在 30min内 ,n =92 )、B组(6 0min内 ,n =12 6 )及C组 (90min ,n =14 2 ) ,分别测定 3组的梗死血管室壁运动的幅度。结果　ST段抬高达到稳定性下移 5 0 %所需要的时间不同 ,梗死相关心室壁运动幅度存在差异 [急性前壁心肌梗死 (AAMI)相关室间隔运动幅度A、B、C 3组分别为 (8 15± 1 6 2 )、(7 84± 1 4 3)及 (6 5 6± 2 15 )mm ,P <0 0 5 ;急性下壁心肌梗死 (AI MI)相关左室后壁运动幅度 3组分别为 (8 78± 1 92 )、(7 32± 1 5 4 )及 (6 15± 2 0 5 )mm ,P <0 0 5 ,且随需要的时间延长 ,梗死相关的心室壁运动幅度有下降的趋势。结论　抬高的ST段恢复时间越短 ,梗死相关的心室壁运动改善越明显     

再灌注治疗后心肌灌注状态对心电图QT离散度的影响

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)再灌注治疗后心肌微循环灌注状态与心电图QT离散度 (QTd)和临床预后的关系。方法　经静脉溶栓和经皮冠状动脉腔内球囊成形术 (PTCA)再灌注治疗成功的AMI患者 30 8例 ,再灌注治疗后 1h按照 12导联心电图ST段的下移幅度分为A和B两组。A组为ST段迅速下降组 (下降≥ 5 0 % ) ,共 2 2 1例 ;B组为ST段持续抬高组 (下降 <5 0 % ) ,共 87例。分别计算两组患者入院即刻、再灌注治疗后 1h和 2 4h心电图的QTd ,并进行比较。结果　A组患者CK、CK MB峰值均明显小于B组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,分别为 (315 5± 2 0 4 6 )vs(4 2 5 3± 2 76 2 ) ;(12 9± 80 )vs(181± 94 )。A组左心室射血分数明显高于B组 (5 7%vs 4 7% ,P <0 0 5 ) ,左心功能不全、梗死后心绞痛发生率均明显低于B组 (P <0 0 5 ,7 5 %vs10 4 % ;4 6 %vs 8 3% )。A组再灌注治疗后 1h、2 4h心电图QTd均明显低于B组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,分别为 (4 0± 14 )vs(4 6± 12 ) ;(37± 13)vs(4 5± 15 )。结论　AMI再灌注治疗后 ,心肌组织水平灌注状态与临床预后及QTd有相关性 ,QTd和心电图ST段回落速度是判断心肌微循环灌注状态的简易实用指标。     

坚持或不坚持长期应用氨氯地平和培哚普利对肱动脉结构和功能的不同影响

目的探讨长期联合应用氨氯地平和培哚普利对肱动脉结构和功能的影响.方法对67名血压≥160/100 mmHg的老年高血压患者给予氨氯地平+培哚普利治疗并随访(3.2±0.4)年,分别在治疗前及治疗后第1、3年用高分辨超声技术检测对象的肱动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)、内径(r),IMT/r比值、内皮依赖舒张功能(FMD)和肱动脉横断面顺应性(CSC).根据随访结果将患者分为规律服药组(A组,n=31)和不规律服药组(B组,n=36),另设同期体检的老年人为正常对照组(C组,n=33).结果入选时与C组比较,A、B组IMT增厚、FMD和CSC减退(IMT0.55±0.12,0.55±0.10 υs 0.4±0.04)mm,FMD6.4%±1.7%,6.5%±1.6%υs 10.4%±2.2%;CSC(11.89±4.93,11.94±5.07 υs 26.55±3.44)10-3mm2·mmHg-1,P＜0.01).A组治疗后第3年IMT和FMD与基线及B组比较均有显著改善IMT(0.39±0.06,vs 0.55±0.12 and 0.54±0.11)mm,FMD16.9%±3.6% vs 6.4%±1.7%and 9.0%±1.2%,all P＜0.01.结论长期联合应用氨氯地平和培哚普利能够逆转高血压患者肱动脉的结构和功能异常,规律服药十分重要.     

不同ST段恢复时间与左室收缩功能的关系

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死抬高的ST段恢复时间对预测溶栓治疗后左室收缩功能的临床意义。方法　将 92例AMI患者根据溶栓后心电图抬高的ST段达到稳定下移 5 0 %的时间 ,分成A组 (时间在 3 0分钟内 ) ,B组 (时间在 60分钟内 )和C组 (时间在 90分钟内 )。比较不同组间 3 0天的左室收缩功能。结果　溶栓后心电图抬高的ST段达到稳定下移 5 0 %的时间不同 ,各组 3 0天左室收缩功能存在差异 ,其LVEF( % )分别为A组 65 4± 1 1 2、B组 5 7 6± 1 0 3、C组 49 9± 1 0 1 ,ST段恢复时间越短 ,左室收缩功能恢复越好 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并随梗死部位不同而有所变化 ,前壁MIST段恢复时间与左室收缩功能恢复关系更密切 (P <0 0 1 ) ,下壁MI随ST段恢复时间延长 ,左室收缩功能有下降趋势 ,但无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　用心电图监测溶栓后ST段的变化 ,是预测左室收缩功能的良好指标 ,尤其对前壁MI有更好的预测性。     

ST段抬高性心肌梗死PCI前后心电图ST段变化对心肌梗死面积的预测价值

目的评价ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）前后ST段变化对心肌梗死范围的预测价值。方法将220例STEMI患者分为A组（PCI前ST段自然回落到基线）和B组（PCI前ST段未回落到基线）,B组又分为3个亚组（B1组：PCI后60min内ST段回落到基线;B2组：PCI后60～120min内ST段回落到基线;B3组：PCI后120min内ST段未回落到基线）。患者均于起病12h内行PCI治疗,分别检测各组发病后24h内心肌酶（TNT）峰值;PCI前、PCI后120min内行12导联心电图检查。结果A组TNT峰值显著低于B组（P〈0．01）;PCI后ST段抬高的持续时间愈长,TNT峰值愈大（P〈0．01）。结论在STEMI中,PCI前ST段的自然回落及PCI后ST段持续抬高是心肌梗死面积大小的预测因素,并且ST段持续抬高的预测价值不受冠脉开通的影响。     

老年原发性高血压微量白蛋白尿与血管内皮功能及颈总动脉粥样硬化

目的探讨老年原发性高血压(EH)患者微量白蛋白尿(MAU)与内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDF)及颈总动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法筛选老年高血压患者64例,根据24h尿白蛋白排泄率分成正常白蛋白尿组(NAU组)和微量白蛋白尿组(MAU组)。另设30例非EH老年人为对照组(NC组)。采用免疫比浊法测定24h尿白蛋白含量;采用彩色多普勒超声检测肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能,颈总动脉内中膜厚度(I MT)及其粥样斑块指数(PI)。结果(1)与对照组(9·1%±1·8%)比较,老年高血压患者NAU组已有内皮依赖性舒张功能降低(6·3%±1·1%,P<0·05),而MAU组内皮依赖性舒张功能则进一步降低(5·0%±1·4%,P<0·05)。(2)MAU组颈总动脉I MT较NAU组增高,且两组均较对照组增高[(1·0±0·2,0·9±0·1vs0·8±0·1)mm,P值均<0·05]。(3)MAU组的微量白蛋白尿与内皮依赖性舒张功能呈负相关(r=-0·597,P<0·001);微量白蛋白尿与颈总动脉I MT呈正相关(r=0·700,P<0·001)。结论老年EH患者均存在内皮依赖性血管舒张功能受损和颈总动脉粥样硬化,内皮依赖性舒张功能和I MT与微量白蛋白尿的发生密切相关。     

Intracoronary ST segment evolution during primary coronary stenting predicts infarct zone recovery

In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), early ST segment elevation resolution on ECG predicts myocardial reperfusion and LV recovery. Intracoronary ECG is more sensitive than surface ECG to detect regional ischemia. In patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), we investigated if failed myocardial reperfusion, despite successful infarct vessel recanalization, could be rapidly and easily identified by intracoronary ST segment monitoring from guidewire recording. We recorded intracoronary and standard ECG during primary coronary stenting (PCI) in 50 patients with AMI (59 ± 11 years; anterior AMI in 66%). All patients had a successful PCI and underwent 2D echocardiography soon after PCI and 6 months later. Following PCI, intracoronary ST resolution ≥ 50% from baseline was documented in 39 patients (78%; group A; from 11 ± 8 to 1 ± 2 mm) but not in 11 (22%; group B; from 11 ± 8 to 8 ± 5 mm). Group A had slightly shorter ischemic time (202 ± 94 vs. 238 ± 112 min in B; P = 0.2) and smaller peak CK values (2,752 ± 2,038 vs. 4,802 ± 3,671 U/L in B; P = 0.02). After PCI, ST resolution was found on standard ECG in 34 (87%) group A and in 3 (27%) group B patients. At 6‐month follow‐up, left ventricular ejection fraction was greater in group A (47% ± 8% vs. 39% ± 8% in B; P < 0.001) with improved wall motion score index (from 2.2 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.3 in A; from 2.3 ± 0.4 to 2.1 ± 0.4 in B; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between intracoronary and standard ECG for sensitivity (92% vs. 86%) and specificity (62% vs. 57%) to predict improved infarct zone recovery after 6 months. ST elevation resolution on intracoronary recording during PCI predicts infarct zone recovery. Monitoring ST segment evolution by intracoronary ECG allows prompt and inexpensive identification in the catheterization laboratory of those patients without myocardial reperfusion, who may require adjunctive therapeutic interventions after successful infarct vessel recanalization. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005;64:53–60. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

急性前壁心肌梗死伴不同下壁导联ST段改变的临床特点

目的探讨ST段抬高急性前壁心肌梗死(简称心梗)伴不同下壁导联ST段改变患者的梗死相关血管以及梗死面积及心功能情况。方法73例急性前壁心梗患者,根据入院时心电图下壁导联ST段改变情况将患者分为3组:A组为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF中至少两个导联ST段抬高;B组为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF中至少两个导联ST段压低,C组为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF中少于两个导联ST段有改变。比较三组CK最大值,左室射血分数以及梗死相关血管(IRCA)。结果CK最大值3组比较A组最低(1280±531IU/Lvs2034±911,1677±630IU/L,P<0.01);左室射血分数A组最高(0.54±0.09vs0.48±0.07,0.47±0.08,P<0.01);三组IRCAA组中85.7%的患者位于“绕过心尖的左前降支(LAD)”的中远段,有14.3%的患者位于右冠状动脉(RCA)的近段;B组的患者中全部为非“绕过心尖的LAD”,其中有70.4%的患者位于非“绕过心尖的LAD”的近段;C组中有96.7%的患者为非“绕过心尖的LAD”,其中有73.3%的患者位于非“绕过心尖的LAD”的近中段,三组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论IRCA为LAD的急性前壁心梗时下壁ST段改变可能与LAD长度和病变部位有关;前壁合并下壁ST段同时抬高的患者若IRCA为“绕过心尖的LAD”,其梗死面积较小,心功能较好。     

探讨老年急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入治疗后ST段与血糖和肌钙蛋白T的关系

目的探讨入院时血糖水平对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者PCI术后ST段下降幅度(STR)和肌钙蛋白T峰值的影响。方法首次AMI的412例老年患者,根据其血糖水平分为3组:A组(血糖<7.0mmol/L)156例;B组(血糖7.0～11.1mmol/L)135例;C组(血糖>11.1mmol/L)121例;分析3组患者急诊PCI术后90minSTR与血浆肌钙蛋白T峰值的相关性。结果C组患者PCI术后90minSTR>70%较A组显著减少(17.96%vs51.49%,P<0.01),B组患者PCI术后90minSTR30%～70%与血糖水平的高低差异无统计学意义(P=0.061);PCI术后,STR>70%的患者肌钙蛋白T峰值低于STR<30%患者[(0.033±0.018)ng/Lvs(0.107±0.055)ng/L,P<0.05],差异有统计学意义;logistic回归分析显示,C组肌钙蛋白T峰值升高与血糖的相关性最为密切(r=0.399,P=0.001)。入院时血糖水平与肌钙蛋白T峰值呈显著正相关,入院时血糖水平越高,血清肌钙蛋白T峰值升高越明显。结论入院时血糖升高的老年AMI患者PCI术后,较好的控制血糖对于此类患者有效的心肌再灌注是十分重要的。     

The relationship of ST segment elevation shape with preserved myocardium and signal-averaged electrocardiography in acute anterior myocardial infarction

Although a relation between magnitude of ST segment elevation and myocardial damage has been shown in the early period of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), such a relation between the shape of the ST segment elevation, myocardial damage, and the clinical course remains obscure. For this purpose 62 first anterior AMI patients admitted in the first 6 h were enrolled for the study. On the basis of precordial V3 derivation prior to thrombolytic therapy, the shape of the ST elevation was separated into three groups: concave (n = 26), straight (n = 24), or convex types (n = 12). The relation between the shape of the ST elevation recorded on admission, and the results of predischarge low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (LDE) performed (n = 53) and signal-averaged ECG values were investigated. The basal wall motion score index (WMSI) and response to LDE in the concave group were better in the infarct zone. Additionally, the average akinetic segment number in the infarct zone was higher, and improvement in these segments was less in the convex and straight groups (concave 3.78 ± 2 vs 2.17 ± 2.1, P < 0.01; straight 5.15 ± 2.7 vs 4.45 ± 2.8, not significant (NS); convex 5.4 ± 2.3 vs 4.8 ± 2.1, NS; basal vs LDE). While only 13% (3/23) of the patients did not respond to LDE (P < 0.05 vs group B and P < 0.01 vs group C), 35% (7/20) of group B and 60% (6/10) of group C patients did not respond to LDE. Although no relation was found between better left ventricular function (WMSI < 2) and shape of the ST elevation in basal evaluation by multiple logistic regression analysis (P = 0.06), an independent relation was found between them following LDE (P = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) 4.5, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.3–14.7). The incidence of ventricular late potential (LP) positivity was 11% (3/26) in the concave group, 16% (4/24) in the straight group, and 58% (7/12) in the convex group (P < 0.001 vs concave and P < 0.05 vs straight groups). We found that shape of the ST elevation could significantly predict the presence of late potentials in multiple logistic regression analysis (P = 0.003, OR 10.7, 95% CI 2.2–51.7). There was no in-hospital death in the concave group, whereas five patients died in either the straight or the convex group. Furthermore, arrhythmia was lower in the concave group during this period (P < 0.05), and exercise capacity was lower. In conclusion, we determined that there was a higher viable myocardium, and lower LP(positivity) and in-hospital mortality in patients with concave ST elevation on admission. Received: August 6, 2001 / Accepted: December 18, 2001     

溶栓后早期转运PCI与保守治疗/补救转运PCI治疗STEMI患者的比较

目的：本研究回顾分析比较急性心肌梗塞（AMI）患者在基层医院行溶栓治疗后,早期转运到上级医院行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）和继续在当地予保守治疗然后作转运PCI的优劣。方法：315例AMI患者在发病12h内,于基层医院接受溶栓治疗,其后183例直接转诊行PCI（A组）,132例在当地继续保守治疗,67例因再次出现心肌缺血症状行补救性转运PCI（B组）。比较两组1年内全因死亡、再梗死、难治性心肌缺血发生率及30d内严重出血和脑卒中发生率,以及治疗前后左室射血分数（LVEF）改变情况。结果：与B组比较,A组1年内全因死亡率（6.8%比1.6%）、再梗死发生率（17.4%比3.3%）、难治性心肌缺血发生率（22.7%比4.4%）均明显降低（P均〈0.05）,而LVEF改善情况A组明显优于B组[（58.7±12.4）%比（47.6±11.9）%,P〈0.05]。结论：溶栓后的ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者应尽早转运到上级医院接受PCI治疗,以取得更好疗效。     

急性心肌梗死再灌注后心电图ST段抬高的意义

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者接受经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）治疗心电图ST段持续高与临床预后的关系。方法：AMI患者共30例,比较PTCA前及术后1h12导联心电图抬高ST的总和,按ST段下降幅度分为两组,A组：AT段下降≥50％,B组：ST段下降＜50％。行小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图检查并随访复查超声心动图。结果：AMI发病早期基础状态和负荷状态及发病后第1、2、3个月左室射血分数（LVEF）A组均明显大于B组。多巴酚丁胺负荷状态下主动脉峰值血流加速度、每搏输出量及每搏指数A组明显大于B组。基于状态和负荷状态下总室壁运动积分指数（GWMSI）和梗死区室壁运动积分指数（IWMSI）A组均明显小于B组,AMI发病后1、2、3个月GWMSI A组均明显小于B组。发病第1、2个月IWMSI两组间差异无统计学意义。发病第3个月IWMSI A组明显小于B组。AMI直接PTCA后心电图ST段持续抬高的患者左室收缩功能及收缩储备功能以及梗死区室壁运动的恢复明显低于ST段迅速下降者。     

Dipyridamole echocardiography evaluation of acute inferior myocardial infarction with concomitant anterior ST segment depression

The significance of anterior ST segment depression in inferioracute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. Theaim of this study was to relate precordial ST segment depressionto the topography of residual myocardial ischaemia, with myocardialmapping of the asynergic area and coronary anatomy. Twenty-fivepatients with first inferior AMI (15 patients with anteriorST segment depression: group A and 10 patients without anteriorST segment shift: group B), all underwent: (1) electrocardiographicevaluation on admission to the Coronary Care Unit and at 24h intervals thereafter; (2) 2D-echocardiographic study within3 h of CCU admission: (3) dipyridamole echocardiographic test(DET) (doses of dipyridamole up to 0.84 mg.kg^–1 i.v. over10 min) 4 days after AMI; (4) coronary arteriography within14 days from AMI. To assess regional left ventricular wall motion,a 16 segment model was used and a wall motion score index (WMSI)was derived. The results of DET were correlated to the anatomyof the infarct-related vessel. Compared to group B, group Apatients showed a significantly greater maximal ST segment elevationin inferior limb leads (lead III: 3.9±1.9 mm vs 2.2±1.1mm, P<0.05; aVF: 3.5±13 mm vs 1.7±0.8 mm, P<0.001).Group A patients showed greater WMSI (1.35±0.22 vs 117±0.12,P<0.05), with more frequent postero-lateral wall involvement(72% vs 20%, P<0.05). No patient of either group showed asynergyof the anterior, anterolateral or anteroseptal segments. Nodifferences in the distribution of coronary artery disease wereobserved. Left anterior descending coronary artery disease waspresent in only three patients (20%) in group A and in one patientin group B. DET was positive in eight patients (53%) in groupA and in three (30%) in group B (P = statistically not significant).In all patients DET induced new wall motion abnormalities locatedin the territory of the infarct-related artery. None of thepatients developed new wall motion abnormalities remote fromthe infarct zone or adjacent to the infarct zone, but locatedin different vascular regions. In conclusion, anterior ST segmentdepression in inferior A MI appears to indicate a more extensivearea of asynergy, with frequent involvement of the posterolateralwall. The topography of DET-induced residual myocardial ischaemiadoes not support the hypothesis of concomitant anterior ischaemia.     

心肌肌钙蛋白I与急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的关系

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平与近期预后的关系。方法　测定 5 1例AMI患者的血清cTnI,根据cTnI水平分为二组 ,观察住院期间心力衰竭、缺血性胸痛、心脏性死亡的发生率 ,测定左心室射血分数 (LVEF) ,分析cTnI水平与它们的关系。结果　在 5 1例AMI患者中 ,cTnI较高组 2 9例 ,较低组 2 2例 ,住院期间发生心力衰竭为 4 1 38%相对于 9 0 9% ,(P <0 0 1) ,缺血性胸痛为 4 4 83%相对于 18 18% ,(P <0 0 5 ) ,心脏性死亡为 3例相对于 0例 ,LVEF为 4 8%± 12 %相对于 5 8%± 12 % ,(P <0 0 5 ) ,存在显著差异。结论　血清cTnI是AMI患者住院期间预后的独立预测因子。     

Importance of the Conal Branch of the Right Coronary Artery in Patients With Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction: Electrocardiographic and Angiographic Correlation

Objectives. This study assessed prospectively the correlation between the conal branch of the right coronary artery and the pattern of ST segment elevation in leads V₁and V₃R during anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Background. The traditional electrocardiographic (ECG) definition of anteroseptal AMI—ST segment elevation in leads V₁to V₃—has recently been challenged. The significance of ST segment elevation in lead V₁during anterior wall AMI is unclear.Methods. The admission 12-lead ECG with additional lead V₃R and the coronary angiograms performed within 10 days of hospital admission were evaluated in 28 consecutive patients (mean age ± SD 62 ± 9 years) admitted to the coronary care unit with anterior wall AMI. Patients were classified into two groups according to the magnitude of ST segment elevation in lead V₁: group A (elevation ≥1.5 mm, n = 12) and group B (elevation <1.5 mm, n = 16). Two types of conal branch were identified: small (not reaching the interventricular septum [IVS]) and large (reaching the IVS).Results. ST segment elevation in lead V₃R was found in 11 (92%) and 6 (37%) patients from group A and group B, respectively (p < 0.001); a small conal branch was seen in 10 (83%) and 3 (19%) patients, respectively (p < 0.001). Ten patients (all from group B) had a large conal branch.Conclusions. ST segment elevation in lead V₁in the admission ECG of patients with anterior wall AMI is strongly related to ST segment elevation in lead V₃R and is associated with a small conal branch. Our findings suggest that lead V₁reflects the right paraseptal area supplied by the septal branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), alone or together with the conal branch. The absence of ST segment elevation in lead V₁during anterior AMI suggests that the IVS is protected by a large conal branch in addition to the septal branches of the LAD (double circulation).(J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:506–11)