脑膜瘤1基因在急性白血病中的表达及意义

目的 探讨急性白血病(acute leukemia, AL)患者细胞中脑膜瘤1基因(meningioma 1, MN1)的表达情况及意义.方法 将76例AL分为新近诊断AL组57例,AL复发组10例,AL持续完全缓解(CCR)组9例.新近诊断的AL组治疗后按效果分为AL完全缓解(CR)组42例,未完全缓解组15例.选择 20例健康者作为正常对照组.均采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RQ-PCR)法检测细胞中MN1 mRNA表达情况.结果 新近诊断AL组 MN1 mRNA表达水平明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).AL复发组MN1 mRNA表达水平高于新近诊断AL组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).CCR组MN1 mRNA表达水平较正常对照组高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低于新近诊断AL组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).CR时间短于3年的患者MN1 mRNA表达水平较正常对照组高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低于新近诊断AL组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高于CCR组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).MN1 mRNA在新近诊断急性髓系白血病M2、M3、M4、M5、M6各亚型间表达水平不一,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).M3亚型中MN1 mRNA表达水平最低,高于正常对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).MN1 mRNA在新近诊断急性淋巴细胞白血病L1、L2、L3各亚型间表达水平不一,差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 MN1可能参与AL的发病及病情演变,随病情缓解,MN1表达水平减低或转为阴性,病情复发时MN1表达转为阳性或表达增高.     

白血病患者SHIP和其他相关基因表达及其临床意义

目的 观察含有SH2结构域的肌醇5位磷酸酶(SHIP)基因在急性白血病(AL)患者的表达,评价SHIP基因的改变在急性白血病和慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)发病中的作用以及对预后的影响.方法 以半定量逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测78例AL患者、18例CML患者SHIP、半胱氨酸蛋白酶1(caspase-1)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(casepase-3)的表达.结果 在初治的AL组中,SHIP的阳性率为69.6%,平均表达水平为0.167±0.121,其表达水平明显低于正常对照组.复发AL组中患者SHIP的表达阳性率为54.5%,平均表达水平为0.211±0.224,其表达水平明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),较初治AL组相比表达水平低,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在缓解AL组中,SHIP的阳性率为95.2%,平均表达水平为0.851±0.591,与正常对照组(1.945±1.804)相比表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05);同时表达高于初治AL组(P＜0.05).半胱氨酸蛋白酶1和半胱氨酸蛋白酶3在AL mRNA的阳性率为分别为80.0%和100.0%,表达水平分别为1.785±1.168和1.887±0.838,低于正常对照组(3.345±1.284)和(5.122±2.025)(P＜0.05).CML慢性期SHIP的表达阳性率为100.0%,表达水平为0.951±0.921,低于正常对照组(1.945±1.804)(P＜0.05);CML急变期SHIP mRNA表达阳性率为71.4%,表达水平为0.278±0.191,低于正常对照组(P＜0.05);SHIP的表达水平在CML慢性期和急变期比较,差异有统计学意义.AL组SHIP阳性缓解率为71.0%,AL组SHIP阴性缓解率为23.1%(P＜0.05).AL组半胱氨酸蛋白酶1阳性缓解率为63.9%,AL组半胱氨酸蛋白酶阴性缓解率为25.0%(P＜0.05).运用直线相关分析表明在AL中半胱氨酸蛋白酶1、半胱氨酸蛋白酶3与SHIP的相关系数分别为r=0.372,r=0.437,P＜0.05,半胱氨酸蛋白酶1、半胱氨酸蛋白酶3与SHIP表达呈正相关.结论 SHIP在急性髓系白血病患者中低表达或不表达,动态观察SHIP mRNA的表达可作为预测急性髓细胞白血病(AML)疗效的一个指标.     

c-IAP2与Smac基因在白血病中的表达及其临床意义

为了研究c-IAP2及其拮抗素Smac基因在白血病中的表达及对成人急性白血病（AL）患者的预后意义，采用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测103例白血病患者c-IAP2、Smac的mRNA表达水平，20名健康人为正常对照，K562、Kg-1a细胞株为阳性对照。结果表明：c-IAP2、Smac在初治AL中的表达较正常对照组明显升高，两者的表达为高度正相关，治疗缓解后c-IAP2、Smac的表达明显下降，与初治AL组有明显差异（P〈0．05），复发后c-IAP2、Smac基因的表达又复升高。c-IAP2 mRNA和Smac mRNA在慢性粒细胞性白血病慢性期（CML-CP）组的表达率和表达水平均高于正常对照组，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在初治AL患者中，c-IAP2、Smac表达阳性的患者缓解率均低于表达阴性的患者。结论：c-IAP2 mRNA、Smac mRNA过度表达和急性白血病的发病呈正相关；c-IAP2、Smac高表达的患者完全缓解率低，预后不良；c-IAP2、Smac可作为急性白血病的发病、复发及预后判断的指标之一。     

细胞周期蛋白G2 mRNA在急性白血病患者中的表达及临床意义

为了探讨急性白血病(AL)患者中细胞周期蛋白G2(cyclin G2)的mRNA表达及其临床意义,采用逆转录 聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测74例急性白血病患者及10例正常人骨髓细胞中的cyclin G2、G1和P53的mRNA 表达,对cyclin G2的阳性扩增产物进行序列分析。结果表明:①AL患者中cyclin G2的阳性率及mRNA表达水平 (52.7％,0.552±0.498)明显低于正常人(100％,1.953±0.675)(P<0.01)。②在初治的AL患者中,cyclin G2 阳性表达患者的完全缓解(CR)率高于阴性者(分别为69.2％和40％;P<0.05)。③耐药组AL患者cyclin G2的 阳性率(43.6％)明显低于敏感组(68.6％)(P<0.05)。④对初治28例CR的AL患者进行随访14.3个月(11- 18.5个月),11例cyclin G2低表达患者中有10例复发(90.9％),而17例cyclin G2高表达患者中有7例复发 (41.2％),两者之间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:CyclinG2是影响AL患者CR的因素,其高表达可能是AL患 者良好预后的指标之一。     

急性白血病患者血清LDH及IL-12检测的临床意义

目的　探讨急性白血病(AL)患者血白细胞介素 12 (IL 12 )与乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)变化及临床意义。方法　选择初治、复发AL组及缓解AL患者 15例 ,检测患者血清IL 12 (ELISA法)及LDH(酶法)水平 ,并与正常人对照进行分析。结果　初治复发AL组LDH显著高于缓解AL组及正常对照组 ,IL 12水平则显著降低。缓解AL患者血LDH降低 ,IL 12升高。结论　高白血病细胞负荷可抑制AL患者体内IL 12表达     

黏着斑激酶在急性白血病患者中的表达及其临床意义（英文）

目的:观察黏着斑激酶(FAK)在急性白血病(AL)病人白血病细胞中的表达及临床意义。方法:采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测50例AL病人白血病细胞FAK mRNA的表达水平,以10例健康人作为正常对照。收集病人骨髓细胞,用24 h常规培养方法制备染色体,采用R显带技术分析其染色体核型。结果:10名正常人骨髓单个核细胞(MNC)中FAK mRNA阳性表达率为20.0%,50例AL病人白血病细胞FAK mRNA阳性表达率为66.0%,明显高于正常对照组(χ~2=5.486,P0.05);其中急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)和急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)病人FAK mRNA阳性表达率和表达水平均高于正常对照组(χ~2=4.436,P0.05;t=7.985、5.595,P0.05),但ALL与ANLL二者之间相比无显著性差异(χ~2=0.0299,P0.05;t=2.009,P0.05)。初诊和复发AL病人白血病细胞FAK mRNA阳性表达率和表达水平均明显升高,二者之间无显著性差异(P=1.000,t=1.010,P0.05),但均高于正常对照组(χ~2=9.38,P=0.015;t=8.789,t=7.5756,P0.05)。缓解组病人FAK mRNA阳性表达率和表达水平明显降低,均低于初诊组和复发组(χ~2=10.26,P0.05;t=4.4359,t=7.822,P0.05),而与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05,t=0.5879,P0.05)。AL病人FAK mRNA的表达与染色体核型的异常改变具有一定的联系,异常核型检出组的表达率和表达水平明显高于未检出组(χ~2=5.82,t=6.72,P0.05)。结论:FAK mRNA在白血病细胞中表达较高,且与疾病的转归相关,可能为白血病的靶向治疗提供新的位点     

急性白血病病人黏着斑激酶的表达及临床意义

目的观察黏着斑激酶（FAK）在急性白血病（AL）病人白血病细胞中的表达及临床意义。方法采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法检测50例AL病人白血病细胞FAK mRNA的表达水平,以10例健康人作为正常对照。收集病人骨髓细胞,用24h常规培养方法制备染色体,采用R显带技术分析其染色体核型。结果正常对照组FAK mRNA阳性表达率为20.0%,AL病人为66.0%,差异有显著性（χ2=5.49,P〈0.05）。其中急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）和急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ANLL）病人FAK mRNA阳性表达率和表达水平均高于正常对照组（P=0.04,χ2=4.44,t=7.98、5.60,P〈0.05）,但ALL和ANLL比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。初诊和复发AL病人白血病细胞FAK mRNA阳性表达率和表达水平比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,但均高于正常对照组（χ2=9.38,P=0.02,t=8.79、7.58,P〈0.05）。缓解组病人FAK mRNA阳性表达率和表达水平明显低于初诊组和复发组（χ2=10.26,P=0.02,t=4.43、7.82,P〈0.05）,与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。AL病人异常核型检出组FAK mRNA的表达率和表达水平均明显高于未检出组（χ2=5.82,t=6.72,P〈0.05）。结论 FAK mRNA在AL中存在较高的表达,且与疾病的转归相关,可能为白血病的治疗提供新靶点。     

白血病患者cyclin E2、CDK2的表达与复发的关系

目的 探讨急性白血病患者细胞周期蛋白E2 (cyclin E2)和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶2(CDK2)的表达情况及预后意义.方法 急性白血病(AL)患者70例,包括新近诊断急性白血病患者41例、复发患者10例和完全缓解期患者19例.14例健康人为正常对照.应用半定量反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测骨髓或外周血单个核细胞cyclin E2和CDK2 mRNA表达水平.结果 Cyclin E2和CDK2 mRNA在初治的AL患者阳性表达明显高于正常对照组(70.7％ vs 0％,P＜0.05),cyclin E2在完全缓解组中阳性率低于初治组(47.4％ vs 70.7％,P＜0.05),初治组CDK2阳性率高于正常对照组(78.0％ vs 28.6％,P＜0.05).cyclin E2 mRNA阳性表达患者完全缓解率低于阴性表达者(48.3％ vs 91.7％,x2 =5.016,P＜0.05).结论 Cyclin E2和CDK2可望成为急性白血病早期预后指标和复发判断指标.     

急性白血病IL-32水平动态变化与病情发展的关系

目的:检测急性白血病(AL)患者的白介素32(IL-32)的表达,探讨其表达的临床意义。方法:应用酶联免疫吸附法和实时荧光定量PCR分别检测82例AL患者和30例健康人血清中IL-32的浓度及其mRNA的表达。结果:与健康人群相比,AL组及其两个分型组(ANLL和ALL)的外周血清IL-32蛋白水平及IL-32 mRNA表达水平均显著提高(P0.05)。ANLL和ALL处于初诊、PR和复发期的患者的IL-32蛋白水平及IL-32 mRNA表达水平明显高于健康人群(P0.05),并且其复发期组患者的IL-32蛋白水平及IL-32 mRNA表达水平显著高于其他分期组患者(P0.05);而在ANLL和ALL患者中处于CR期患者的IL-32蛋白水平及IL-32 mRNA表达水平与健康人群相比无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:急性白血病患者外周血中IL-32与其自身的病情发展有密切联系,检测患者体内IL-32的动态变化,有助于了解疾病的进展,因而IL-32水平可作为监测急性白血病的疗效指标。     

JAK家族基因与细胞因子信号传导抑制因子家族基因在白血病细胞中的表达及意义

目的 探讨SOCSs基因和JAKs基因在急性髓系白血病(AML)患者中的表达情况.方法 RT-PCR方法检测AML患者和正常对照骨髓SOCS 1～7、JAK 1～3和TYK 2 mRNA的表达.结果 ①AML患者SOCS 1、4、5、7的表达明显低于缓解组和正常对照组(P<0.01),SOCS 3、6表达水平较缓解组和正常对照组高(P<0.01),SOCS 2在各组无明显差异;AML患者JAK2、JAK3、TYK2 mRNA平均表达水平较缓解组和正常对照组明显增高(P<0.05).初治AML患者JAK1 mRNA表达水平较正常对照组略增高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),复发AML患者JAK1 mRNA表达水平较正常对照组明显增高(P<0.05).结论 AML患者的SOCS 1、4、5、7基因表达缺失或降低,JAK家族基因表达明显增高,提示二者可能共同参与髓系白血病的发生.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.