第128例:脊髓软化症误诊为椎管肿瘤一例

王××.男,38岁,农民,住院号43768。因间歇性颈背部酸痛4年余,进行性双下肢感觉障碍、无力18天而于1984年9月25日入院。 80年6月开始无明显诱因感颈背部酸痛,向胸前区放射,症状呈间歇性发作,活动后症状减轻。3个月前出现腰部发胀,双下肢轻度放射痛,足部麻木,夜间尤甚。曾在外地多处求医均无明确诊断。18天前开始双下肢感觉差。无力、行走不便,症状进行性加重。两便正常。来本院门诊以腰椎管占     

痛风结晶致胸椎管狭窄症1例

正患者,男,42岁,因背部疼痛伴双下肢麻木无力1周入院。患者于入院前10余天无明显诱因出现背部疼痛,并伴双下肢麻木、无力。于当地医院就诊,行胸椎MRI示:T_2-T_7椎管内、脊髓背侧、硬膜外脂肪层内见多个长T_1、长及短T_2结节影,呈串珠样排列,椎管不同程度狭窄,并向前推压硬膜囊及脊髓。诊断为胸椎管狭窄症,予甘露醇脱水、神经营养、镇痛等对症治疗后背部疼痛无明显缓解,双下肢无力加重,     

自发性硬脊膜外血肿非手术治疗1例

患者男性，49岁，农民，因双下肢麻木无力伴大小便失禁20余天来院治疗，20d前于睡眠过程中突然出现背部剧痛，数小时后感双下肢麻木无力，逐渐加重，伴大小便失禁，在外院求治，诊断为颈椎间盘突出症。查MRI示T1，2椎管内占位病变，仅行对症治疗后转来我院。既往无特殊病史，发病2周前无明显外伤史，未使用促进出血性药物。     

亚急性脊髓前联合变性误诊为胸腰椎间盘突出症1例

患者,女,60岁,双下肢渐进性麻木,无力,行走困难半年,症状加重伴双下肢浮肿1周入院患者近半年来无明显诱因出现双下肢麻木,无力,行走不稳,后发展到拄拐杖行走。曾于2002-11—13在我市某院求治,作头颅CT检查提示无异常,腰椎CT提示：腰4-5腰5骶1椎间盘突出,遂按腰椎间盘突出症治疗1月余,     

硬膜外静脉曲张破裂-血肿致不全瘫1例

患者 :王春杰 ,男 ,39岁 ,主因腰部间断性疼痛 6年余 ,双下肢麻木无力 ,感觉障碍 ,腰部疼痛加重 2天入院。缘于 6年前患者扭伤腰部后出现腰痛 ,无放射 ,休息后疼痛减轻 ,反复发作 ,因未影响正常工作 ,故未诊治。 2天前洗澡后突然出现腰部疼痛加重 ,疼痛为酸痛 ,向臀部及双下肢放射 ,以左下肢为重 ,咳嗽、行走、弯腰时加重。自诉不能平卧 ,腰部活动受限 ,左下肢麻木 ,有轻微排尿困难。入院查体 :一般情况好 ,生命体征稳定 ,心、肺、腹未见明显异常 ,四肢关节无红肿及疼痛等。骨科情况 :脊柱发育正常 ,生理弯曲存在 ,腰部有压痛 ,以腰 1～ 3为…     

脊髓出血一例报告

患者女,７３岁,因双下肢进行性瘫痪１５天,于１９９７年１月２２日入院。患者被他人轻拍背部受惊后,即觉胸及双下肢游走性疼痛２天,４天后双下肢麻木、无力,行走困难。在外院行ＭＲＩ检查后诊断为Ｔ２脊髓出血,经止血、脱水等治疗无效。确诊后５天双下肢瘫,不能站立行走;１３天后全瘫,尿潴留,大便失禁,转来本院。入院查体：血压１５６／９０ｍｍＨｇ,神志清,心、肺、腹无异常。Ｔ４平面神经根刺激征明显,Ｔ４平面以下皮肤感觉完全消失,双下肢肌力０级,膝反射消失,Ｂａｂｉｎｓｋｉ征阳性。腰穿测压正常,脑脊液化验正常,…     

创伤性腰骶关节完全脱位一例报告

患者男,16岁.患者蹲位时被倒下的数吨重铁板重击背部,致彩腰背部剧痛,双下肢麻木无力,伴有尿频、尿少、排尿无力.     

创伤性腰骶关节完全脱位一例报告

患者男,16岁.患者蹲位时被倒下的数吨重铁板重击背部,致彩腰背部剧痛,双下肢麻木无力,伴有尿频、尿少、排尿无力.     

创伤性腰骶关节完全脱位一例报告

患者男,16岁.患者蹲位时被倒下的数吨重铁板重击背部,致彩腰背部剧痛,双下肢麻木无力,伴有尿频、尿少、排尿无力.     

创伤性腰骶关节完全脱位一例报告

患者男,16岁.患者蹲位时被倒下的数吨重铁板重击背部,致彩腰背部剧痛,双下肢麻木无力,伴有尿频、尿少、排尿无力.     

多椎体结核内固定与非内固定疗效的比较

目的　探讨多椎体结核内固定与非内固定疗效的差异 ,比较二者的优缺点。方法　总结 1990年～ 2 0 0 1年采用脊柱前路病灶清除植骨术与同时用饶氏椎体钉、Ventrofix、Z -Plate钢板、USS等器械内固定治疗胸腰椎结核病人共 12 4例。其中非内固定 6 8例 ,内固定 5 6例。观察术后植骨融合、神经恢复、畸形纠正情况及治愈率。结果　经平均 2 5年的随访证实 ,内固定植骨融合速度快于非内固定组 ,有显著性差异 ;神经功能Frankel分级二组全部得到改善 ;畸形纠正内固定组后弓角较术前平均改进 2 9°、非内固定组平均改进 5°,有显著性差异。内固定组治愈率为 10 0 % ,非内固定组治愈率为 87% ,有显著性差异。结论　脊柱结核内固定可早期重建脊柱稳定性并加速植骨融合 ;有明显改善畸形的作用 ;减少结核复发 ,在治疗多椎体结核中有重要意义     

Roentgenographic and biomechanical analysis of lumbar fusions: a canine model

An animal model of anterior and posterior column instability was developed to allow in vivo observation of bone remodeling and arthrodesis after spinal instrumentation. Various combinations of spinal fusions and instrumentation procedures were performed after an initial anterior and posterior destabilizing lesion was created at the L5-L6 vertebral levels in 35 adult beagles. After 6 months of postoperative observation, there was improved probability of achieving a spinal fusion if spinal instrumentation had been used. All biomechanical testing was performed after removal of instrumentation to test the inherent stiffnesses and quality of the spinal fusions. The fusions performed in conjunction with instrumentation (group V = Harrington instrumentation and posterolateral fusion; group VI = Luque instrumentation and posterolateral fusion) demonstrated the greatest axial rotation stiffnesses (group V, p less than .05); axial compressive stiffness (group V, p less than .05); and flexural stiffness (group VI, p less than .05). The results show that a spinal fusion can be more reliably achieved and will be more rigid if it is accompanied by spinal instrumentation.     

Comparison of sprotte and Quincke needles with respect to spinal fluid leakage using artificial spinal cord

Purpose This research investigated whether the Sprotte needle causes less leakage of CSF than the Quincke needle in the artificial spinal cord. Methods The changes in intradural pressure, extradural pressure, and leaked volume of CSF were evaluated following puncture with Sprotte and Quincke needles in the artificial spinal cord. Results The decrease in intradural pressure was 9.7±1.8 mm H₂O with the Sprotte needle and 20.5±2.7 mm H₂O with the Quincke needle (P<0.05). The volume of leakage of artificial CSF was 2.0±0.3 ml with the Sprotte needle and 3.3 ±0.3 ml with the Quincke needle (P<0.01). The extradural pressure increase was 166.1±8.2 mm H₂O with the Sprotte needle and 186.8±13.2 mm H₂O with the Quincke needle (P<0.05). Conclusion The Sprotte needle produces less CSF leakage than the Quincke needle.     

A thoracic and lumbar spine injury severity classification based on neurologic function grade, spinal canal deformity, and spinal biomechanical stability

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Current well regarded thoracic and lumbar spine injury classifications use mechanistic and anatomical categories, which do not directly rely on quantifiable management parameters. Their clinical usefulness is not optimal. PURPOSE: Formulate an injury severity based classification. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This retrospective investigation studied patients who suffered thoracic and lumbar spine injuries, and examined the following three quantifiable parameters: 1) neurologic function grade; 2) spinal canal deformity; 3) biomechanical stability. These parameters are the primary clinical indications for management decisions. PATIENT SAMPLE: One hundred twenty-six consecutive patients with spinal trauma admitted to a level 1 tertiary trauma center from January 1997 to November 2005 were enrolled in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES: Spine injury severity was independently scored on three parameters: 1) neurologic function impairment grade according to the modified Frankel grading method and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) function scale; 2) spinal canal deformity from translation and intrusion, measured as percent canal cross-sectional area compromise; 3) failure of five possible biomechanical functions in Denis's three anatomic columns, and a sixth group of unstable deformities. All three columns contribute to tensile function. Only the anterior and middle columns provide compression load-bearing function. A combination of three or more column biomechanical function failure or an unstable deformity renders the injury unstable. METHODS: Five fellowship-trained spine surgeons from one institution took part in the study. Hospital medical records, including admission history and physical examination, discharge summary, and operative report (if surgery was performed), were examined for neurologic deficit. Plain radiographs, computed tomographic scans and magnetic resonance imaging were assessed for canal compromise and biomechanical function status. RESULTS: Injuries were located from T3 to L5, 58% of which were at the thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2). Neurologic impairment occurred in 45% (57/126) of patients, with 19 complete paraplegias (Frankel grade A). The average spinal canal cross-sectional area compromise was 56.1% in neurologically impaired and 14.2% for patients who where neurologically intact. The number of tensile element failure patients in neurologically impaired versus intact are as follow: tri-columns 22/4; two columns 16/8; one column 11/17; all columns intact 8/40. Load-bearing element failed in 55/57 neurologically impaired and 63/69 intact patients. Sixty-seven patients had spinal reconstructive surgery. Their average instability profile score was 4.4 out of 6, and canal compromise score was 3.3 out of 5. CONCLUSIONS: A clinically useful thoracic and lumbar spine injury classification should be based on parameters that are the primary indications for management decisions. The same parameters should be injury severity quantifiable as to guide treatment. In this study we introduced spinal canal deformity and column biomechanical functions as quantifiable parameters in thoracic and lumbar injury severity classification. Validation of this method is beyond the scope of this preliminary study.     

Extradural spinal meningioma: case report

Objectives

We report a case of purely extradural spinal meningioma and discuss the potential pitfalls in differential diagnosis.

Background

Spinal meningiomas account for 20–30% of all spinal neoplasms. Epidural meningiomas are infrequent intraspinal tumors that can be easily confused with malignant neoplasms or spinal schwannomas.

Case

A 62-year-old man with a previous history of malignant disease presented with back pain and weakness of the lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-enhanced T4 intraspinal lesion. The intraoperative histological examination showed a meningioma (confirmed by postoperative examination). Opening the dura mater confirmed the purely epidural location of the lesion. The postoperative course was uneventful with no recurrence 12 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Purely extradural spinal meningiomas can mimic metastatic tumors or schwannomas. Intraoperative histology is mandatory for optimal surgical decision making.     

Surgical decompression: a life-saving procedure for an extensive spinal epidural abscess

Extensive spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs) carry a high mortality rate. Traditionally they are treated non-operatively with longterm antibiotics and/or surgical decompression, but there is a continuing debate as to whether they should be managed by emergency surgical decompression. However, such decisions are made in the light of the clinical setting. We report the successful management of a female patient who presented with features of upper cervical cord compression and later developed septic shock and multisystem failure. Surgical decompression of the cervical spine and irrigation of the epidural space with a paediatric catheter was performed followed by tricortical strut grafting and plating. At review, 36 weeks after surgery, the patient remained asymptomatic, having made full neurological recovery. The purpose of this report is to highlight the importance of emergency surgical intervention for extensive SEA in the presence of progressive neurological loss associated with multisystem failure.     

扩大半椎板切除术治疗颈脊髓损伤

OBJECTIVE: To treat cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) accompanied with narrowing spinal canal by expanded hemilaminectomy. METHODS: From 1995 January to 1998 April 51 patients of cervical SCI were treated by expanded hemilaminectomy. Spinal injury classified in to 3 types: no fracture-dislocation (39 patients) fracture dislocation at the lower cervical spine (11), and burst fracture (1). The types of SCI included central cord injury (18 patients) incomplete cord injury (19), and complete cord injury (14). MR imaging in 23 patients showed degenerative changes with normal intensity of the cord in 14 patients, multiple level hyperintensity in 3, cystic changes in 3, myelomalasia in 3, and cord brocken in 1. Expanded hemilaminectomy was performed in 24 hours in 3 patients, in 48 hours in 9, in one week in 2, after one week in 35, and after one year in 2. The left or right laminae were removed from C(7) to C(3) in 42 patients, C(3) - T(1) in 3, C(2) - C(7) in 2, C(3) - C(6) in 3 and C(4) - C(7) in 3. Hemilaminectomy was expanded lateral to the inner of apophyseal joint and medial to the inner lamina beneath the spinal process. RESULTS: Follow-up lasted for 1 year and 7 months. Six patients with complete cord injury had of the no recovery lower extremity but recovery of the brachialis and extensor radial longus. 12 patients of central cord injury had full recovery except intrinsic muscles of the hand (5). They operated were on 2 weeks after injury. 17 patients of incomplete cord injury recovered to Frankel IV. CONCLUSIONS: Expanded hemilaminectomy is indicated for patients of cervical SCI with narrowing spinal canal or without fracture dislocation. Best results can be obtained in patients of central cord injury, and incomplete cord injury. Even in complete cord injury, 1 - 2 forearm muscle may recover (24.8%), securing a pinch grip reconstruction.     

胸腰椎肿瘤全脊椎切除术后的重建方式

目的:探讨胸腰椎肿瘤全脊椎切除术后脊柱稳定性的重建方式。方法:1993￣2003年我院治疗各类胸腰椎(T5￣L5)肿瘤患者72例,其中全脊椎切除、随访2年以上、没有肿瘤复发和转移且有完整影像学资料者12例,骨巨细胞瘤9例,单发浆细胞性骨髓瘤2例,非何杰金氏淋巴瘤1例。一期前后路联合全脊椎切除11例,次全脊椎切除1例,以5种不同方式重建,分别为前路内固定加后路短节段经椎弓根内固定(ASP)5例、前路内固定加后路多节段Luque环内固定(AMP)4例、单纯后路短节段经椎弓根内固定(SP)1例、单纯后路多节段经椎弓根内固定(MP)1例、单纯前路内固定(A)1例。观察术前、术后即刻及末次随访时矢状面Cobb角度变化、植骨融合情况、有无植骨骨折及下沉等并发症。结果:随访2.5￣13年,平均6.6年。ASP方式重建的5例患者矢状面Cobb角丢失0°～7°,平均2.4°,植骨全部融合,无植骨骨折,1例因术中损伤终板而出现人工椎体轻度下沉。AMP方式重建的4例患者矢状面Cobb角丢失0°～9°,平均5°,植骨全部融合,无植骨骨折或下沉;其中1例术后1.5年植骨融合后取出后方固定,仅保留前方固定,出现植骨骨折及后凸畸形。SP或MP方式重建的2例患者矢状面Cobb角分别丢失12°和13°,植骨块均骨折。次全脊椎切除A方式重建的1例患者矢状面Cobb角无丢失,植骨融合且无植骨骨折及下沉。结论:本组病例较少,但初步可以看出ASP和AMP是全脊椎切除后坚强的重建方式,能够使植骨顺利融合,防止Cobb角度丢失。但ASP能够减少固定节段、保留运动单元,是更好的固定方式。SP和A不宜单独应用于全脊椎切除后稳定性重建。     

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas: is the role of dural arteriovenous malformations underestimated?

Two recent observations of spinal epidural hematomas (SEH) are presented: one of them was associated with iatrogenic coagulopathy, the other, apparently spontaneous, required reoperation for early recurrence and was finally attributed to ruptured epidural arteriovenous malformation missed during the first procedure. Both patients underwent complete recovery. Although modern neuroimaging provides quick, noninvasive, and sensitive assessment of spinal epidural bleeding, we believe that preoperative spinal angiography is indicated in spontaneous SEH with subacute clinical course. Demonstration of underlying vascular anomaly would allow better surgical planning, complete obliteration of abnormal vessels, and prevention of recurrences. Essential epidemiological, pathogenetical, and clinical aspects of SEH are reviewed.     

胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓损伤治疗进展

脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤的治疗，一直是脊柱外科关注的课题，随着对神经损伤的病理生理研究深入和手术方法的改进，对其治疗方法和观点也有了进一步的发展。本文就胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓损伤治疗方面的进展进行综述。