芪苈强心胶囊治疗社区慢性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的观察芪苈强心胶囊治疗社区慢性心力衰竭（CHF）的临床疗效。方法 61例患者随机分为治疗组31例和对照组30例。对照组给予常规西医治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用芪苈强心胶囊。观察2组患者治疗前、后心功能分级、左室射血分数（LVEF）、心输出量（CO）、6min步行距离及明尼苏达生活质量表（MLWHF）积分情况。结果治疗组总有效率为90.3%高于对照组的70.0%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2组治疗后LVEF、CO、6min步行距离及MLWHF较治疗前均明显改善,且治疗组改善情况优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05和P〈0.01）。结论芪苈强心胶囊治疗社区CHF的疗效显著,可提高患者生活质量。     

芪苈强心胶囊联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

摘要：目的：探讨芪苈强心胶囊联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦对慢性心力衰竭（Chronic Heart Failure,CHF）患者心功能的影响。方法：102例CHF患者随机分为：沙库巴曲缬沙坦组（对照组）和芪苈强心胶囊联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦组（观察组）,分别给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦和沙库巴曲缬沙坦联合芪苈强心胶囊治疗六个月,观察患者显效率、有效率和左室舒张末期内径（left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVEDD）、左室收缩末期内径（left ventricular end-systolic diameter,LVESD）、左室射血分数（Left ventricular ejection,LVEF）、心输出量（Cardiac output,CO）,NYHA II 级的改善率、血氨基末端B型脑钠肽前体（N-terminalpro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP）、6分钟步行实验（6-min walk test,6-MWT）的变化。结果：两组患者治疗6个月后LVESD、LVEDD均显著低于治疗前（P ＜ 0.05）,LVEF、CO均显著高于治疗前（P ＜ 0.05）,但组间比较无显著性（P > 0.05）;沙库巴曲缬沙坦联合芪苈强心胶囊组显效率和治疗后NHYA II级显著高于沙库巴曲缬沙坦组,差异有显著意义（P ＜ 0.05）。治疗后8周、12周NT-proBNP显著低于治疗前（P ＜ 0.05）,6-MWT显著高于治疗前（P ＜ 0.05）,两组间比较差异无显著性（P > 0.05）,治疗6个月后NT-proBNP显著低于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）,6-MWT显著高于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：沙库巴曲缬沙坦联合芪苈强心胶囊能够进一步提高CHF患者NYHA分级和6分钟步行试验距离。     

芪苈强心胶囊治疗慢性心功能不全患者的疗效观察

目的 观察芪苈强心胶囊对慢性心功能不全（CHF）患者左心室射血分数（LVEF）及血清B型脑钠肽（BNP）含量的影响.方法 将64例CHF患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组33例予以常规治疗,包括利尿剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂（ACEI/ARB）、β-受体阻滞剂等.治疗组31例在对照组的基础上给予芪苈强心胶囊1.2g口服,每天3次,连续治疗120d后检测血清BNP含量及LVEF的变化.结果 治疗后,2组LVEF均高于治疗前,BNP含量均低于治疗前,且治疗组变化幅度大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P＜0.01）.结论 芪苈强心胶囊能明显降低CHF患者的血清BNP含量水平,升高LVEF,改善心功能,改善心室重构,改善患者症状.     

芪苈强心胶囊联合米力农治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的：探讨芪苈强心胶囊联合米力农治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法选取2011年8月—2012年9月泸州医学院附属医院收治的慢性心力衰竭患者80例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,各40例。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规基础上给予芪苈强心胶囊联合米力农治疗。比较两组患者左心室射血分数（ LVEF ）的变化、血浆氨基末端脑钠肽前体（ NT-proBNP）水平、6min步行试验距离。结果治疗组总有效率高于对照组,治疗后治疗组LVEF高于对照组,NT-proBNP水平低于对照组,6min步行试验距离长于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。结论芪苈强心胶囊联合米力农能增加慢性心力衰竭患者心肌收缩力,减轻心脏负荷,提高心搏出量,有效缓解症状,改善预后,提高生活质量。     

芪苈强心胶囊治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的观察芪苈强心胶囊治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法将120例患者随机分为两组,对照组常规应用血管转换酶抑制剂、β受体阻滞剂、利尿剂等,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用芪苈强心胶囊治疗,疗程8周。观察Lee氏心力衰竭积分、左室舒张末内径、左室射血分数(LVEF)、血浆NT-proBNP水平及肝肾功、电解质。结果两组治疗后Lee氏心力衰竭积分、左室舒张末内径、左室射血分数(LVEF)、血浆NT-proBNP水平均明显改善(P<0.01),但治疗组患者治疗后的改善更明显,优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论芪苈强心胶囊联合西药常规治疗慢性心力衰竭患者,可以更有效地改善患者心功能,缓解临床症状,且安全性较好。     

芪苈强心胶囊在AECOPD并心力衰竭中临床观察

目的综合评价传统西药加芪苈强心胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期（AECOPD）合并心力衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法选取我院2011年1月～2012年10月符合入选条件的AECOPD合并心力衰竭患者82例,所有患者随机分成观察组（n=41）和对照组（n=41）,其中对照组采用常规西药治疗,而观察组在此基础上加用芪苈强心胶囊,观察两组患者临床症状改善情况,以及心功能分级、LVEF（左室射血分数）、血浆NT-proBNP、血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8水平的改善情况。结果观察组总有效率为85．4％,显著高于对照组总有效率68．3％（P〈0．05）;两组治疗后NT-proBNP、LVEF水平均较治疗前有明显改善（P〈0．05）,且观察组的改善情况明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）;两组治疗后血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平均较治疗前有明显改善（P〈0．05）,治疗组TNF-α、IL-8的改善程度明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论常规西药与芪苈强心胶囊联合治疗,不仅能改善患者的心功能,降低NT-proBNP,还能够有效降低各炎性因子水平,抑制气道、肺实质的炎症反应,有效提高临床疗效。     

芪苈强心胶囊治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭35例疗效观察

目的观察芪苈强心胶囊治疗充血性心力衰竭临床疗效。方法选择70例患者,随机分为治疗组35例和对照组35例,对照组以利尿剂,洋地黄制剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂及硝酸脂类药物作为常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予芪苈强心胶囊治疗,观察治疗前后患者的临床心功能分级,并做心脏超声心功能测定。结果心功能改善率总有效率治疗组85.7%,对照组68.6%,P<0.05,且治疗组心脏左室射血分数(58.75±9.74),明显优于对照组(45.21±8.92),P<0.05。结论芪苈强心胶囊治疗可提高充血性心力衰竭的疗效,明显改善心功能。     

芪苈强心胶囊联合二丁酰环磷腺苷钙治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的观察芪苈强心胶囊联合二丁酰环磷腺苷钙治疗慢性心功能不全的疗效。方法 80例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,各40例。对照组给予心力衰竭的常规治疗;治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用芪苈强心胶囊联合二丁酰环磷腺苷钙(芪苈强心胶囊4粒/次,3次/d,共4周;二丁酰环磷腺苷钙40 mg静脉滴注q.d.,共2周),疗程4周。观察两组治疗前后心功能变化、左室舒张末期内径(LEVD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、6 min步行距离及血浆脑尿钠肽(BNP)等。结果两组治疗前后6 min步行试验(m)、LVEF(%)、LEVD(cm)、BNP(pg/ml)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后心功能分级比较,治疗组Ⅱ级心功能例数明显多于对照组(P<0.05),两组Ⅳ级心功能例数均有减少,但治疗组减少例数多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论芪苈强心胶囊联合二丁酰环磷腺苷钙可明显改善慢性心力衰竭患者的左室功能,提高运动耐量及生活质量,安全性好。     

芪苈强心胶囊对慢性心功能不全患者左心室射血分数的影响

目的：观察芪苈强心胶囊对慢性心功能不全患者的左心室射血分数（ LVEF）的影响。方法确诊为慢性心功能不全的患者随机分为2组,对照组常规予以血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂、B受体阻滞剂、利尿剂等治疗,治疗组在上述治疗的基础上加服芪苈强心胶囊（石家庄市以岭药业生产）3次/d,每次4粒,口服,疗程12周。每4周结束时复查1次心脏超声采集记录LVEF以及患者运动耐量进行比较。结果治疗第1个4周末LVEF无明显变化,运动耐量增加不明显。治疗第2个4周末LVEF有所增加,运动耐量有所增加。第3个4周末LVEF明显增加（ P ＜0．05）,运动耐量增加（ P ＜0．05）。结论芪苈强心胶囊能改善患者临床症状,同时能改善慢性心功能不全患者的LVEF。     

芪苈强心胶囊治疗慢性心功能不全的临床效果观察

目的 评估芪苈强心胶囊治疗慢性心功能不全的临床效果.方法 选取本院2014年3～7月收治的慢性心力衰竭患者80例,将其随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,对照组给予安慰剂进行治疗,观察组给予芪苈强心胶囊进行治疗,疗程为12周.观察血浆N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)的水平,比较两组治疗前后的纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)心功能分级、6 min步行试验及左室射血分数的变化.结果 两组患者出院时及出院12周的NT-proBNP水平较基线明显降低(P＜0.05),且观察组较对照剂组降低更显著(P＜0.05);观察组患者NT-proBNP水平降低达标率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.026).两组治疗后的NYHA分级、6 min步行试验、左室射血分数均较治疗前显著改善(P＜0.05);且观察组改善程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 芪苈强心胶囊治疗慢性心力衰竭可进一步降低NT-proBNP水平,提高患者的生活质量,治疗安全有效.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.