HPLC法测定呋塞米注射液中的有关物质及含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定呋塞米注射液中有关物质和含量。方法:使用月旭Ultimate C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为水-四氢呋喃-冰醋酸(70:30:1);流速:1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长为272 nm。结果:测得呋塞米的检测限为5 ng;在0.01～0.15 mg.mL-1的浓度范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为:A=7.290C-6.594×104(r=0.9994),平均回收率为99.8%,RSD为0.4%。结论:本方法灵敏、准确、专属性强,可用于测定呋塞米注射液中的有关物质和含量。     

HPLC法测定注射用头孢他美钠的含量及有关物质

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定注射用头孢他美钠的含量和有关物质.方法 采用Thermo Hypersil BDS C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以0.013mmol/L庚烷磺酸钠、0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-甲醇(75:25,用10％磷酸调pH值至3.4)为流动相;检测波长为263nm;柱温为35℃;结果 头孢他美钠浓度在0.1～402.4μg/mL范围内,峰面积与浓度线性关系好r=0.9999(n=8),最低检出限为0.4ng(S/N=3),定量限为2ng(S/N=10).结论 该法简便、准确、灵敏度高,专属性强,可以用于注射用头孢他美钠含量测定和有关物质检查.     

HPLC梯度洗脱法测定美洛西林钠有关物质

目的:建立测定美洛西林钠有关物质的HPLC梯度洗脱法.方法:使用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm),以磷酸盐缓冲液(取磷酸二氢钾4.9g和磷酸氢二钾0.45 g,加水溶解并稀释至1 000 mL,用磷酸调节pH至5.7,即得)和乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL· min-,柱温为31℃,检测波长为215 nm.结果:美洛西林钠样品中有关物质完全洗出,美洛西林主峰与有关物质峰均达到基线分离;美洛西林钠质量浓度在11.2 ～33.5 mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.997),美洛西林的检测限和定量限分别为12.20和40.25 ng,而美洛西林钠样品中有关物质检测限可达美洛西林钠含量的0.03％.结论:该法对美洛西林钠有关物质的测定灵敏、准确、专属性强,适用于美洛西林钠产品质量控制.     

RP-HPLC法测定双氯芬酸钠注射液的含量和有关物质

目的:建立同时测定双氯芬酸钠注射液含量及其有关物质的HPLC方法.方法:采用Phenomenex Luna C8色谱柱(4.6mm× 250 mm,5μm),流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液(0.01 mol·L-1磷酸溶液和0.01 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠溶液等体积混合,必要时以其中一种溶液调节pH值至2.5)-甲醇(34∶66),流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长246 nm,柱温30℃,进样量10μL.结果:双氯芬酸钠的进样量在761.8 ～7 618 ng范围内,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=1.000 0),平均回收率(n=9)为100.1％,RSD为0.5％;双氯芬酸钠杂质A的进样量在10.82～108.24 ng范围内,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),双氯芬酸钠和双氯芬酸钠杂质A的最小检出量分别为3.0ng,1.4ng.结论:本方法简便、准确、灵敏、重现性好,专属性强,可用于双氯芬酸钠注射液的质量控制.     

RP-HPLC法测定头孢他美钠的含量及有关物质

目的建立反相高效液相色谱法测定头孢他美钠的含量和有关物质。方法采用Hypersil BDS C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以0.013mmol/L庚烷磺酸钠、0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-甲醇(75:25,用10%磷酸调pH值至3.4)为流动相;检测波长为263nm;柱温为35℃。结果头孢他美钠浓度在0.1~335.2μg/mL范围内,峰面积与浓度线性关系好r=0.9999(n=8),最低检出限为0.0004μg(S/N=3),定量限为0.002μg(S/N=10)。结论该法简便、准确、灵敏度高,专属性强,可以用于头孢他美钠含量测定和有关物质检查。     

HPLC法测定盐酸格拉司琼口服溶液的含量和有关物质

目的 建立HPLC法测定盐酸格拉司琼口服溶液的含量、有关物质.方法 参照《中国药典》2010年版二部标准中盐酸格拉司琼检测方法,对盐酸格拉司琼口服溶液的含量和有关物质进行测定.采用Inertsil CN-3氰基柱,流动相:0.25％ (mL·mL-1)三乙胺的0.05 mol· L-1醋酸钠溶液(用冰醋酸调节pH值至6.0)-甲醇(50∶ 50),流速:1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长:302 nm,柱温:25℃.结果 盐酸格拉司琼在0.045 6～1.14 mg· mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=1),有关物质各杂质峰与主峰及辅料峰之间的分离度良好,检测限为0.54 ng.结论 该方法准确、专属性好、灵敏度高,可用于盐酸格拉司琼口服溶液的质量控制.     

HPLC法测定复方布洛芬干混悬剂中布洛芬及苯巴比妥钠的含量

目的:建立高效相液色谱法测定复方布洛芬干混悬剂中布洛芬及苯巴比妥钠的含量.方法:采用Diammsil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),以醋酸钠缓冲液(取醋酸钠6.13 g加水750 mL,振摇使溶解,用冰醋酸调pH为3.0)-乙腈(60:40)为流动相,检测波长为263 nm.结果:布洛芬及苯巴比妥钠的回归方程分别为Y=70.767X-4.536 4,r=0.999 8,Y=111.914X+7.560 1,r=0.999 9,线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为99.98%和99.83%.结论:该方法操作简便,结果准确,可用于复方布洛芬干混悬剂中布洛芬及苯巴比妥钠的含量测定.     

HPLC法测定卡络磺钠注射液的含量及有关物质

目的建立HPLC法测定卡络磺钠注射液中卡络磺钠的含量及有关物质。方法采用Dia-monsil C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以0.01 mol.L-1磷酸二氢铵(pH 3.0)乙醇(体积比为10∶1)为流动相,流速为1.2 mL.min-1,检测波长360 nm。结果卡络磺钠在50~250 mg.L-1内质量浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0.999 8。平均回收率为100.2%(n=9)。结论该方法可用于卡络磺钠注射液中卡络磺钠的含量及有关物质的测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定洛索洛芬钠的含量及其有关物质

目的:建立洛索洛芬钠的含量及其有关物质的反相高效液相色谱测定方法.方法:采用Kromasil-C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以乙腈-水(40∶60,10%磷酸溶液调pH=3.5)为流动相,流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为222nm.结果:建立的色谱方法使有关物质与主药分离良好,洛索洛芬钠在5.096～45.864μg·mL-1范围内,浓度与峰面积线性关系良好.结论:本法简便、准确,可用于洛索洛芬钠的含量测定及其有关物质的测定.     

HPLC法测定盐酸多西环素软胶囊中盐酸多西环素及有关物质

目的：建立盐酸多西环素软胶囊中盐酸多西环素的含量测定和有关物质的控制。方法：采用HPLC法,C18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm,pH值适用范围大于9）;以醋酸盐缓冲液[0.25mol/L醋酸铵-0.1mol/L乙二胺四醋酸二钠-三乙胺（100：10：1）,用冰醋酸或氨水调节pH值至8.8]-乙腈（85：15）为流动相;检测波长为280nm,流速1.0mL/min,进样量20μL。结果：盐酸多西环素检测限为0.003μg/mL,定量限为0.01μg/mL,在浓度1～200μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.99999（n=5）;各种降解产物能与主成分峰达到完全分离。平均回收率为100.28%（n=9,RSD=0.8%）。结论：此方法简便、准确、专属性强,可用于测定盐酸多西环素软胶囊的含量和有关物质。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.