Evaluation of Effectiveness of Integrated Intervention Program in Improving Drug Addicts＇ Psychological Health

Objective To investigate the social mental state of drug addicts in a compulsive drug abuse treatment center; evaluate the effectiveness of integrated program for the prevention of abuse relapse and improvement of drug addicts＇ psychological health. Methods The study subjects were addicts from the Wuhan Compulsive Drug Abuse Treatment Center between October 2003 and June 2004, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. A non-randomized control-intervention study design was adopted. Volunteers willing to take part in intervention were put into the intervention group with their full awareness and willingness to prevent drug abuse relapse. The control group was composed of the addicts who were willing to prevent relapse and to be followed up after their discharge. Results The effectiveness of the integrated intervention program in promoting addicts＇ psychological health： before the intervention, the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, the positive and negative dimensionalities of Simple Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ） and Chinese Perceived Stress Scales （CPSS） had no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group. After the intervention, except that the SCSQ＇s positive dimensionality in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group, other indices in the intervention group were lower. Before and after the intervention, the psychological health level in both the groups was lower than that in the normal population; there were significant differences between addicts and normal subjects in regards with all of the indices above. Conclusion Drug abuse was associated closely with addicts＇ social mental factors. The integrated intervention program can alleviate anxiety and stress, reduce co-morbid mental disorders and effectively improve their coping style. In conclusion, the program can promote addicts＇ psychological health significantly.     

流出地校外青少年艾滋病相关危险行为及其影响因素

目的：了解流出地15~24岁未婚校外青少年艾滋病相关危险行为发生情况及影响因素,为对此人群开展相关健康教育提供参考。方法：采用整群抽样方法,抽取某县某所劳务培训和输出机构所有15~24岁未婚校外青少年进行问卷调查。以理性行为理论为基础设计结构式问卷,匿名,在调查员的指导下填写后当场装入信封回收。共收回问卷1 800份,有效问卷1 712份。利用Epidata 3.0建立数据库用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果： (1)流出地校外青少年艾滋病危险行为发生率较高,婚前性行为的发生率为18.0%,其中过去3个月中性行为从未使用过安全套的占27.3%,有多性伴者占30.8%,有过商业性行为者占31.0%,有过使用毒品经历占9.7%;艾滋病知识知晓率仅为25.1%;同伴环境较差;(2)性行为中使用安全套与艾滋病知识得分、性关系中能谈论安全套相关;发生多性伴行为与年龄、朋友中有多性伴者、对多性伴的态度、主观规范相关;发生商业性行为与艾滋病知识得分、家庭住址、朋友中有发生商业性行为、主观规范、商业性行为意向相关;静脉吸毒与年龄、艾滋病知识得分、朋友吸毒、主观规范、吸毒意向相关;(3)理性行为理论框架中主观规范和行为意向对校外青少年艾滋病危险行为的发生影响较大。结论：流出地校外青少年感染艾滋病的危险性主要表现为缺乏相关知识和应对不良的伙伴压力的能力,应帮助他们树立良好的行为规范,外出打工前期是对校外青少年进行相关健康教育的“关键期”。     

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Integrated Intervention Program in Improving Drug Addicts'''' Psychological Health1

Objective To investigate the social mental state of drug addicts in a compulsive drug abuse treatment center;evaluate the effectiveness of integrated program for the prevention of abuse relapse and improvement of drug addicts' psychological health.Methods The study subjects were addicts from the Wuhan Compulsive Drug Abuse Treatment Center between October 2003 and June 2004,who satisfied the inclusion criteria.A non-randomized control-intervention study design was adopted.Volunteers willing to take part in intervention were put into the intervention group with their full awareness and willingness to prevent drug abuse relapse.The control group was composed of the addicts who were willing to prevent relapse and to be followed up after their discharge. Results The effectiveness of the integrated intervention program in promoting addicts' psychological health:before the intervention,the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),the positive and negative dimensionalities of Simple Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ)and Chinese Perceived Stress Scales(CPSS)had no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group.After the intervention,exccpt that the SCSQ's positive dimensionality in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group,other indices in the intervention group were lower.Before and after the intervention.the psychological health level in both the groups was lower than that in the normal population;there were significant differences between addicts and normal subjects in regards with all of the indices above. Conclusion Drug abuse was associated closely with addicts' social mental factors.The integrated intervention program can alleviate anxiety and stress,reduce co-morbid mental disorders and effectively improve their coping style.In conclusion,the program can promote addicts' psychological health significantly.     

综合心理干预模式对劳教戒毒人员预防复吸的效果分析

目的探讨综合心理干预模式和行为矫治对劳教戒毒人员的预防复吸效果。方法选取劳教所内96名戒毒者为研究对象，随机分为干预组与对照组各48名。干预组接受以成功心理素质为理论指导的综合心理干预，对照组接受传统的劳教管理。结果采用寿命表法对操守时间进行比较，Log-rank检验，1年操守率干预组（23．88％）显著高于对照组（8．57％）（χ^2=6．900，P=0．009）。多因素Cox比例风险模型分析，戒毒人员得到家庭支持、家庭气氛和谐、非静脉注射方式吸毒、吸毒年限短，男性，同时获得心理干预有利于出所后继续操守。结论综合心理干预和行为矫治模式能延长戒毒者出所后操守时间，有效降低复吸率。     

Critical incidents contributing to the initiation of substance use and abuse among women attending drug rehabilitation centres in Trinidad and Tobago

The aim of this study was to determine the critical incidents that contribute to the initiation of substance use and abuse among women in Trinidad and Tobago. Twenty women were randomly selected from 46 women currently attending 43 drug rehabilitation centres, Narcotics Anonymous and Alcoholics Anonymous groups in Trinidad and Tobago. In-depth semi-structured interviews using the critical incident technique were conducted. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. Concepts, categories and themes were determined by team study and group discussion. The critical incidents that influenced women to initiate the use and abuse of substances fell into eight major themes: factors intrinsic to the individual woman, family factors, social and environmental factors, life stresses, relationship issues, abuse, peer pressure and substance use and abuse as a coping mechanism. The results imply that the factors contributing to the initiation of substance use and abuse among women in Trinidad and Tobago are many and complex. As such any attempt to address this issue requires a broad-based approach. Such an approach should address family use of such substances, societal acceptance of them, availability, the self-esteem of the individual woman and her ability to cope with peer and internal stresses.     

基于信息-动机-行为技巧模型的减重干预模式在单纯性肥胖患儿中的应用

目的 探讨信息-动机-行为技巧（IMB）模型在单纯性肥胖患儿减重中的应用效果。方法 选取新疆医科大学第一附属医院2021年5月—2022年1月收治的单纯性肥胖患儿102例，随机分为对照组和观察组，每组51例。对照组进行常规干预，观察组进行以IMB模型为指导的干预。比较两组患儿6个月后体重、体重指数（BMI）、腰围、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）的变化，以及患儿的减重知识、态度、行为评分。结果 6个月后，观察组体重减轻、BMI减少、腰围缩小幅度大于对照组（P <0.05）,TG降低幅度大于对照组（P <0.05）。两组干预前后TC的差值比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组减重知识、态度、行为评分高于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 基于IMB模型的干预模式对单纯性肥胖患儿减重有良好效果，能提升患儿减重的知识、态度和行为水平，为医护人员指导患儿减重提供有效的干预模式。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎定点医院临床医师哀伤辅导现况调查

目的 调查武汉市5所新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）定点医院临床医师的哀伤辅导现况,为医院管理工作提供参考。方法 使用基本资料问卷、哀伤辅导态度和技能量表对223名COVID-19定点医院的临床医师进行调查。结果 共收回有效问卷208份,回收有效率93.3%。COVID-19定点医院临床医师的哀伤辅导技能得分为（19.35±4.75）分,居中等偏下水平,其中专业职责和角色、接触丧亲家属频次是医师哀伤辅导技能的影响因素（P<0.01）;而临床医师的哀伤辅导态度得分为（33.21±9.23）分,居中等水平,其中是否接受过相关培训、沟通交流能力、哀伤辅导其他技能是医师哀伤辅导态度的影响因素（P<0.01）。结论 武汉市COVID-19定点医院临床医师哀伤辅导的技能及态度均有待改善,建议医院成立哀伤辅导委员会,建立完善的哀伤辅导体系,构建长效培训机制。     

抗埃博拉期间利比里亚护理人员标准隔离防护相关知识、态度与行为调查

目的 了解利比里亚护理人员对标准隔离防护知识、态度和行为水平。方法 采用基于国际标准隔离防护指南设计的《医护人员标准隔离防护知信行》英文量表,通过涵盖一般情况,标准隔离防护知识、态度及行为等32个条目的问卷对中国解放军援利医疗队所在的埃博拉诊疗中心的护理人员进行调查。结果 问卷由80名护理人员填写,有效回收率71.25%。其标准隔离防护知识、态度和行为的平均得分分别是(7.4±1.1)分、(36.4±4.6)分、(6.6±1.9)分。经Spearman相关系数检验,护理人员标准隔离防护的知识与态度、态度与行为间存在正向线性相关关系,而知识与行为间相关关系不显著。结论 在经济落后、医疗卫生保健体系岌岌可危的利比里亚,世界卫生援助机构对当地护理人员的埃博拉病毒病相关隔离防护实践培训一定程度上提升了其隔离防护的行为水准。但由于缺乏系统的标准隔离防护理论培训,以及政府不能提供充足的隔离防护用品,利比里亚护理人员对标准隔离防护的态度仍存在一定的提升空间,这将影响国际援助撤离后利比里亚护理人员标准隔离防护的行为水平。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间一线护士哀伤辅导现状

目的 调查新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情期间武汉市一线护士的哀伤辅导现状,为制定合理的护理管理措施提供参考。方法 对225名一线护士应用基本情况问卷、哀伤辅导态度和技能量表进行调查。结果 收回有效问卷214份,回收有效率为95.1%。护士的哀伤辅导态度得分为（32.80±9.41）分,处于中等水平,哀伤辅导其他技能、沟通交流能力、是否接受过相关培训、接触丧亲家属频次是哀伤辅导态度的影响因素（P<0.05）;哀伤辅导技能得分为（19.24±4.10）分,处于中等偏下水平,哀伤辅导、接触丧亲家属频次、哀伤辅导培训、学历是哀伤辅导技能的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 COVID-19疫情期间武汉市一线护士对丧亲家属的哀伤辅导工作存在一定不足,建议成立护理哀伤辅导小组,建立长效、健全的培训架构。     

An educational intervention’s effect on healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards pharmacovigilance

Background

Pharmacovigilance concerns the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. Consumer pharmacovigilance is the involvement of consumers in adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting. Assessing healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) knowledge of and attitude towards pharmacovigilance and consumer pharmacovigilance is integral to strengthening adverse drug reaction reporting systems.

Aims

To study knowledge of and attitude towards pharmacovigilance and consumer pharmacovigilance among HCPs from KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal, and to plan an appropriate educational intervention to address deficiencies noted.

Method

The study was conducted from February 2013 to December 2013 at KIST Medical College using a self-administered, pretested, structured questionnaire. The maximum possible scores for knowledge, attitude, and total were 100, 95, and 195, respectively. Baseline knowledge and attitude were studied. Two months after the questionnaire, an intervention that used a combination of methods about pharmacovigilance and consumer pharmacovigilance was undertaken. Knowledge and attitudes were studied immediately after the intervention. Scores before and after the intervention were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

A total of 105 HCPs participated. The median (interquartile range) knowledge, attitude, and total scores before the intervention were 56 (7), 72 (9), and 127 (16), respectively. After the intervention the scores increased significantly to 72 (8), 75 (11.5), and 146 (16.5) (p<0.001), respectively.

Conclusion

The intervention was effective in improving HCPs’ knowledge of and attitude towards pharmacovigilance and consumer pharmacovigilance. More studies on this topic among HCPs at other institutions and in the community are required.     

医学生促进抗菌药物合理使用宣教干预研究

目的促进医学生对抗菌药物使用知识的掌握、提高对细菌耐药危害的认识，促进其抗菌药物合理使用。方法本研究针对医学院低年级学生开展自身前后对照的宣教干预研究，干预材料为宣传单和DV短片。干预前后采用调整的知识-意识-态度-行为问卷进行调查，采用按专业分层抽样。有关专业、性别分布情况采用描述性研究，干预前后知识-意识-态度-行为各题得分比较采用x2检验、双侧t检验，总体得分改变采用协方差分析。结果医学生基线知识特别是药物适应症掌握较差，并存在错误的用药行为；干预使医学生知识特别是基础知识、抗菌药物适应症掌握得到了提高（总得分平均数从4．23变为5．06，P=0．001），但是宣教干预对医学生抗菌药物使用行为没有效果。结论对医学生开展抗菌药物合理使用宣教教育具有重要意义，宣传教育干预能改善医学生抗菌药物合理使用的知识水平，但是对于提高其药物使用行为有待进-步研究考证。     

合肥市社区医务人员食源性疾病认知及临床诊断能力调查

目的 调查合肥市社区医务人员食源性疾病知信行及其临床诊断能力并分析相关因素,为疾病预防控制机构和街道社区卫生服务中心内部的培训工作提供理论依据。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取41家街道社区卫生服务中心,选取929名医务人员进行问卷调查,采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归模型分析医务人员基本特征对食源性疾病认知及其临床诊断能力的影响。结果 社区医务人员知识、态度、行为和临床情景模拟诊断的得分分别是（8.38±2.92）、（7.18±1.64）、（9.51±3.41）、（5.49±2.54）分。多因素分析表明科室是食源性疾病知识及行为的影响因素（P< 0.05）,是否参加培训是态度及行为的影响因素（P< 0.05）。结论 合肥市社区医务人员对食源性疾病的认知和诊断水平有待加强,培训应区别不同科室有针对性开展。     

A multicommunity trial for primary prevention of adolescent drug abuse. Effects on drug use prevalence

The entire early adolescent population of the 15 communities that constitute the Kansas City (Kansas and Missouri) metropolitan area has participated in a community-based program for prevention of drug abuse since September 1984. The Kansas City area is the first of two major metropolitan sites being evaluated in the Midwestern Prevention Project, a longitudinal trial for primary prevention of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use in adolescents. The project includes mass media programming, a school-based educational program for youths, parent education and organization, community organization, and health policy components that are introduced sequentially into communities during a 6-year period. Effects of the program are determined through annual assessments of adolescent drug use in schools that are assigned to immediate intervention or delayed intervention control conditions. In the first 2 years of the project, 22,500 sixth- and seventh-grade adolescents received the school-based educational program component, with parental involvement in homework and mass media coverage. Analyses of 42 schools indicate that the prevalence rates of use for all three drugs are significantly lower at 1-year follow-up in the intervention condition relative to the delayed intervention condition, with or without controlling for race, grade, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity (17% vs 24% for cigarette smoking, 11% vs 16% for alcohol use, and 7% vs 10% for marijuana use in the last month), and the net increase in drug use prevalence among intervention schools is half that of delayed intervention schools.     

开展"健康促进学校"项目对小学生营养KAP的影响效果评价

目的评价“开展健康促进学校”项目对小学生营养知识、态度、行为 (KAP)影响效果。方法抽取4所小学 ,2所为干预学校 ,2所为对照学校。对 4所学校所有 3、 4年级共 14 4 0名小学生作基线和终期营养KAP调查分析。结果试点学校学生在营养知识、态度、行为等方面较基线以及对照组学生都有显著性提高。结论开展“健康促进学校”项目取得了预期结果 ,值得大力推广。     

台山市戒毒人员艾滋病认知健康教育效果分析

目的 了解台山市吸毒人员对艾滋病防治知识认知情况和相关行为态度，探讨通过教育提高对艾滋病认知的效果。方法在教育前后采取相同的问卷，以不记名自填式答卷方式对教育前后艾滋病认知状况进行调查。结果经健康教育后，吸毒人员对艾滋病防治知识的认知显著提高（P〈0．01）。对婚前、婚外性行为持正确态度的比例有所增加，并有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。选择安全行为的趋向显著提高（P〈0.01）。结论在戎毒人员中开展艾滋病健康教育是可行的，但扭转有关不正确的行为态度需要长期的过程。     

郑州铁路分局客运部门女职工STD/AIDS知、信、行的干预研究

目的评价常规健康教育方式和同伴教育方式在铁路女客运员中开展防治性病 (STD)、艾滋病(AIDS)的效果。方法采用整群随机分组的方法将郑州铁路分局客运段 12 0 0名女职工分成两组 ,分别实施常规健康教育干预措施和同伴教育干预措施 ,两组均于干预前后匿名问卷各调查 1次。结果干预后两组对象关于性病、艾滋病知识正确掌握率显著上升 ,态度及高危行为明显改善 ,两组之间KAP分值差异不显著。结论性病、艾滋病的健康教育干预是一项行之有效的工作。同伴教育健教模式适用于铁路职工。     

Knowledge of medical students, residents, and attending physicians about opiate abuse

A questionnaire concerning knowledge of opiate abuse and attitudes about abusers was administered to 94 randomly selected physicians and medical students at a large urban teaching hospital. Physicians from four clinical departments and at each level of residency training and medical students in the final year were represented. The mean knowledge score was 3.3 out of a possible 12. Neither the level of training nor specialty was related to test score for the group as a whole. However, family practitioners gained knowledge with increasing experience, while medical and surgical specialists scored lower as they advanced in training. On the attitude section, physicians had strong but individualistic views about drug abuse. Level of training, specialty, and knowledge test score were on the whole unrelated to attitude. The results indicated that physicians at every level of training might benefit from improved teaching in the area of opiate abuse.     

慕课结合同伴互助在心肺复苏教学中的应用

目的 探索慕课（massive open online course，MOOC）和同伴互助结合在心肺复苏教学中的应用效果。方法 将2015级中医学本科班140名学生分成试验组和对照组。在心肺复苏的教学中，试验组基于慕课教学平台，课前观看视频和题目测试，课中采用同伴互助进行教学；对照组采取传统课堂教学。通过比较操作考核成绩、调查学生对教学的满意度等来评价两组的教学效果。使用SPSS 22.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果 试验组操作考核成绩为（82.20±2.31）分，对照组操作考核成绩为（75.80±1.72）分，差异有统计学意义（t=3.27，P<0.05）。问卷调查显示，试验组的课程满意度、学习动力等均优于对照组；在学习负担上，两组结果差异无统计学意义（P=0.739）。结论 慕课结合同伴互助开展心肺复苏教学，能帮助学生更好地掌握技能，提高学生的课程满意度及学习动力，且不增加其学习负担。