采用眼球反转检测耳石功能

航天初期发生的空间运动病与人的前庭功能有关，航天生产的微重力主要影响耳石感受器。绎耳石功能的检测有重要意义。在耳石功能检测的多种方法中，眼球反转检测是较为单纯反映耳石功能的一项生理指标，它提供了一种可以较为有效地预测空间运动病易感性的手段，且在空间运动病机理研究以及航天飞行后前庭功能的重适应研究上有很好的应用前景，同时对临床上前庭功能障碍的诊断可提供重要参考。     

运动病中某些激素和无机盐的变化

在平行秋千前庭刺激和大视野４５°／ｓ的垂直视动刺激下，观察了１０名男性健康人诱发的运动病症状和刺激前后尿中７种激素：抗利尿激素（ＡＶＰ）、皮质醇（ＣＯＲＴ）、醛固酮（ＡＬＤＯ）、血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）、甲状腺素Ｔ４、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）、肾上腺素（Ｅ），五种无机盐：钾（Ｋ）、钠（Ｎａ）、钙（Ｃａ）、镁（Ｍｇ）、磷（Ｐ）的含量的变化。结果表明：秋千和垂直视动刺激的两种不同刺激方式，在诱发运动病的敏感性程度上有不同的影响。平行秋千诱发的运动病症状严重程度高于垂直视动刺激；在秋千刺激下，８名被试者出现严重程度的（ＭⅠⅠⅠ）运动病症状；而视动刺激下，７名被试者只有轻度（Ｍ１）运动病症状。秋千实验后尿中ＡＶＰ、ＣＯＲＴ有显著性增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。秋千刺激下，尿中ＡＶＰ含量增加与运动病症状之间有相关性。在视动刺激下，尿中ＡＬＤＯ、ＶＩＰ有显著性增加。甲状腺素Ｔ４、Ｅ、ＮＥ和五种无机盐（Ｋ，Ｎａ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ，Ｐ）在秋千或视动刺激下未见显著性改变。结果提示，运动病中内分泌指标的测定对空间运动病的预测和航天员的选拔有一定的参考价值     

抛物线飞行与航天运动病

抛物线飞行与航天运动病王林杰童伯伦航天初期航天员发生运动病比例较大，航天运动病症状的程度、表现形式因人而异，会给航天员的工作和健康造成一定程度的影响。种种假说都认为，其发生与对前庭的刺激有关，因此研究失重对前庭功能的影响、对航天运动病易感性的预测、防...     

秋千诱发运动病对姿态平衡的影响

目的 研究运动病对姿态平衡的影响。方法对１７名试者在秋千刺激诱发运动病前,后进行动态状态平衡测试,研究运动病敏感性与姿态平衡变化的关系。根据耐受时间和运动病症状严重程度 ,将被试者分为运动病敏感组和不敏感组。结果 秋千刺激后１７名被试者综合简称２分显著降低。秋千刺激后运动病敏感组综合平衡分及平衡分,运动策略,感分有显著降低,运动病不敏感组没有显著变化;运动病不敏感组刺激前的平衡分,感觉分和刺激后的     

降钙素基因相关肽在运动病大鼠前庭传出性中枢神经系统和前庭核的表达变化

目的 通过观察运动病大鼠降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）在前庭传出性中枢神经系统和前庭核的表达变化，探讨中枢CGRP在运动病发病过程中的作用。方法 30只SD大鼠随机分为3组，其中不给予旋转运动刺激的为对照组，其它两组实验动物通过电动转椅分别给予3次和1次运动性刺激，刺激后即刻取各组动物脑干切片，用ABC法观察传出性前庭神经系统和前庭核的CGRP免疫组化反应变化。结果 运动病大鼠前庭传出性神经系统和前庭核CGRP反应与对照组相比明显增强，且刺激3次组强于刺激1次组。结论 CGRP在大鼠运动病的发病过程中发挥了一定的作用。     

倒视与平行秋千诱发运动病的比较

目的探讨倒视诱发运动病的特点。方法 １０名健康国性在间隔为５－７ｄ的不同日期分别进行戴两种倒视镜步行试验和平行秋千摆试验。观察倒视引起民平衡、倒视和平行秋千诱发运动病症状;计算被试者倒视刺激耐力指数（ＲＶＴＩ）和秋千刺激耐力指数（ＬＡＴＩ）,分别表示倒视和秋诱发运动病易感性。结果 步行倒视试验可引起明显的姿态失平衡和运动病症状,失平衡程度与运动病易感性有相关性。与秋千诱发运动病症状比较,倒视诱发运     

诱发运动病期间面剖微循环变化评价方法的比较

为提高运动病评定标准的科学性，采用红外热象仪及激光多普勒微循环血流仪，分别测试了６０名健康男性青年，在电动秋千摆动刺激前、秋千实验后即刻、休息２０ｍｉｎ后，三次的面部皮肤温度及微循环血流量，将测试数据与肉眼观察判断的面色苍白程度进行了对照分析。     

航天前、中、后空间运动病研究

空间运动病的发生一直是困扰着载人航天的重要医学问题。由于空间运动病是人体对空间特殊环境的一种适应，涉及面较广，也使空间运动病的研究不同于空间中心肺系统的研究。采用主观观察及定性实验方法和手段更多一些，定量的观察方法由于刺激手段受到空间特殊环境的限制，样本量较少，很难将问题精确定位。本文综述了苏美科学家在空间中关于前庭功能和空间运动病的观察和实验结果，以期对我国的载人航天提供一些参考，有利于我们采取有效的对抗措施，保证空间任务的完成。     

三种抗运动病药物对前庭-听觉认知和自主神经反应活动影响分析

目的 空间运动病是载人航天飞行不可规避的医学问题之一,目前服用抗运动病药物是较为有效的预防方法.但大多数抗运动病药物均对认知功能有一定影响,且其影响在前庭刺激下会有所改变.为良好地指导航天医学实践,本试验比较了口服3种抗运动病药物(盐酸地芬尼多、茶苯海明、盐酸异丙嗪)对前庭刺激下听觉认知和自主神经反应活动的影响. 方法 采用拉丁方试验设计、严格双盲给药,对8名受试者进行了定最前庭刺激,前庭刺激的同时要求受试者完成听觉认知任务.记录受试者完成认知任务的脑电信号,采用事件相关电位技术提取完成认知任务的P3成分.对口服安慰剂和不同抗运动病药物下P3成分潜伏期和峰值波幅进行了比较. 结果 抑制前庭自主神经反应的顺序为盐酸异丙嗪、茶苯海明、盐酸地芬尼多、安慰剂;对前庭刺激下脑认知过程的影响从强到弱为盐酸异丙嗪、茶苯海明、安慰剂、盐酸地芬尼多. 结论 在同样前庭刺激下盐酸地芬尼多对自主神经系统反应有调节作用,对前庭刺激下脑认知过程影响较弱,是温和作用药物,也是在非严重运动病爆发下的首选药物.     

前庭功能锻炼对犬血液神经内分泌激素水平的影响

目的 探讨前庭功能锻炼对犬旋转刺激后血液神经内分泌指标的影响,阐明其与运动病的内在联系.方法 8只毕格犬,旋转刺激诱发运动病,测定呕吐潜伏期,同时用放射免疫分析法测定血浆皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、精氨酸加压素(AVP)、肾上腺素与去甲肾上腺素水平.前庭功能锻炼3个月,观察呕吐潜伏期变化,再进行激素水平测定.结果 1)前庭功能锻炼后,呕吐潜伏期延长(P＜0.01);2)前庭功能锻炼前,旋转刺激导致血浆皮质醇、AVP水平升高(P＜0.05);3)前庭功能锻炼后,血浆皮质醇、AVP基础水平有所升高(P＜0.05或0.01),但旋转刺激诱导的反应减弱;4)旋转刺激及前庭功能锻炼对血浆ACTH、肾上腺素与去甲肾上腺素水平无显著影响(P＞0.05).结论 1)前庭功能锻炼可以抑制运动病;2)旋转刺激可以引起血浆皮质醇、AVP水平升高;3)前庭功能锻炼可提高血浆皮质醇、AVP基础水平,但会减弱对运动病诱发刺激的反应.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.