高剂量瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性心肌梗死的效果及对患者心肌纤维化及心室重构的影响

目的探讨高剂量瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性心肌梗死的效果及对患者心肌纤维化及心室重构的影响。方法选定本院2016年7月至2018年10月收诊的102例急性心肌梗死患者,采用完全随机法将其分为观察组(51例)和对照组(51例)。观察组采用高剂量(20 mg/d)瑞舒伐他汀治疗,对照组采用低剂量(10 mg/d)瑞舒伐他汀治疗。比较两组半乳凝素-3(Gal-3)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)及左室收缩期末内径(LVESD)。结果治疗后,观察组Gal-3、MMP-9水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者LVEF均升高,LVEDV、LVESV、LVEDD、LVESD均降低,且观察组LVEF高于对照组,LVEDV、LVESV、LVEDD、LVESD低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论高剂量瑞舒伐他汀可有效改善急性心肌梗死患者的心室重构及心肌纤维化,促进其心功能提升,值得推广应用。     

同型半胱氨酸及C反应蛋白水平与急性心肌梗死患者介入术后左心室重构的相关性

目的探究同型半胱氨酸及C反应蛋白水平与急性心肌梗死患者介入术后左心室重构的相关性。方法选取2018年6月～2019年6月我院收治的介入术治疗的急性心肌梗死患者98例作为试验组,选取同期健康体检者98例作为对照组。依照1年的随访结果将试验组存在左心室重构患者30例作为A组,不存在左心室重构患者68例作为B组。对比两组同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期容积指标(LVESV)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)等指标水平。对比试验组中A、B两组LVEF、LVESV、LVEDV、Hcy、CRP等指标水平。结果试验组LVESV、LVEDV、Hcy、CRP均高于对照组,LVEF低于对照组(P0.05)。试验组中A组LVESV、LVEDV、Hcy、CRP均高于B组,LVEF低于B组(P0.05)。结论 Hcy和CRP水平与急性心肌梗死患者介入术后左心室重构的发生存在一定的相关性,临床上对Hcy和CRP水平进行监测能对急性心肌梗死患者介入术后左心室重构的发生进行预测。     

急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死早期介入与保守治疗效果及预后观察

目的探讨急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死早期介入和保守治疗的效果及预后。方法选择住院确诊为急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死160例,根据治疗策略分为早期介入治疗组80例(介入组)和早期保守治疗组80例(保守组)。介入组立即行冠状动脉造影检查,依据造影结果予经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI);保守组予保守治疗1周后行PCI。随访6个月,比较两组术后1周及术后6个月左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)和左室射血分数(LVEF)及不良事件发生率。结果术后1周介入组和保守组LVEDV、LVESV和LVEF比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与术后1周比较,术后6个月介入组与保守组LVEDV、LVESV均明显降低,LVEF明显升高(P0.05);术后6个月介入组LVEDV、LVESV明显低于保守组,LVEF明显高于保守组(P0.05)。介入组住院期间心绞痛发生率、恶性心律失常发生率、梗死复发再住院率和随访期间心源性疾病病死率均低于保守组(P0.05)。结论早期介入改善急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死的效果显著,且住院和随访期间心血管不良事件发生率低。     

瑞舒伐他汀不同给药剂量对急性心肌梗死患者心肌纤维化及心室重构的影响研究

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀不同给药剂量对急性心肌梗死患者心肌纤维化及心室重构的影响。方法抽取2014年3月至2015年12月符合研究选取标准的92例急性心肌梗死患者,根据用药剂量不同分为研究组和对照组,每组46例。研究组采用高剂量瑞舒伐他汀,对照组采用低剂量瑞舒伐他汀。对比治疗前后两组N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、半乳凝素-3(Gal-3)水平变化情况及心功能相关指标[左室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩期末内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)]水平变化情况。结果治疗前两组NT-pro BNP、MMP-9、Gal-3、LVEDD、LVESD、LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF水平比较差异未见统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组治疗后NT-pro BNP、MMP-9、Gal-3、LVEDD、LVESD、LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高剂量瑞舒伐他汀可更有效改善急性心肌梗死患者心肌纤维化及心室重构,提高心功能,值得推广。     

瑞舒伐他汀不同给药剂量对急性心肌梗死患者心肌纤维化及心室重构的影响研究

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀不同给药剂量对急性心肌梗死患者心肌纤维化及心室重构的影响。方法抽取2014年3月至2015年12月符合研究选取标准的92例急性心肌梗死患者,根据用药剂量不同分为研究组和对照组,每组46例。研究组采用高剂量瑞舒伐他汀,对照组采用低剂量瑞舒伐他汀。对比治疗前后两组N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、半乳凝素-3(Gal-3)水平变化情况及心功能相关指标[左室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩期末内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)]水平变化情况。结果治疗前两组NT-pro BNP、MMP-9、Gal-3、LVEDD、LVESD、LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF水平比较差异未见统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组NT-pro BNP、MMP-9、Gal-3、LVEDD、LVESD、LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高剂量瑞舒伐他汀可更有效改善急性心肌梗死患者心肌纤维化及心室重构,提高心功能,值得推广。     

急性心肌梗死首次发作后左室非同步运动对左室功能早期改变的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者左室非同步运动是否可作为左室射血分数(LVEF)降低的一个独立影响因素。方法急性心肌梗死首次发作患者(梗死组)47例,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后2~4 d,实时三维超声心动图观测左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末容积(LVESV)、LVEF及左室非同步指数(SDI)。体检健康者35例作为对照组。结果与对照组比较,梗死组LVESV、SDI增高,LVEF减低(均P0.01),SDI与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.948,P0.01)。多重线性回归分析,与LVEF相关的因素有体质量、心电图ST段改变、冠状动脉病变条数、LVEDV、LVESV及SDI。结论患者体质量、心电图ST段异常、冠状动脉病变条数、LVEDV、LVESV及SDI均可作为可作为评估、预测左室功能的重要指标,尤以心电图ST段异常及SDI影响较大。     

实时三维超声心动图评价双心室再同步化治疗效果

目的探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)在双心室再同步化治疗(CRT)慢性心力衰竭中的临床应用价值。方法选取我院成功植入CRT,或带除颤功能的双心室再同步化起搏器治疗的慢性心力衰竭患者16例(CRT组),另选同期相匹配的健康者16例(正常对照组),应用RT-3DE计算两组治疗前及CRT组治疗3个月后左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末容积(LVESV)、每搏量(SV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室时间-容积参数、标化的时间-容积指标及左室时间-位移指标,并对其进行比较分析。结果 CRT组治疗前LVEDV、LVESV、SV、LVEF以及左室时间-位移指标均较正常对照组增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗3个月后,CRT组EDV、ESV、SV、LVEF均较术前有所改善,但差异均无统计学意义;16、12、6节段达最小收缩容积时间的标准差均降低,位移标准差、位移最大值、位移最小值均减小,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 RT-3DE能够有效评价慢性心力衰竭患者左室收缩同步性及评估CRT临床疗效。     

实时三维超声心动图评价急性心肌梗死左室整体及节段收缩功能

【目的】探讨实时三维超声心动图（RT-3DE ）在冠心病急性心肌梗死患者左心室功能中的诊断价值。【方法】采用RT-3DE测量25名首发左室急性心肌梗死患者和30名正常对照者左房内径（LAD）、左室舒张末容积（LVEDV）、左室收缩末容积（LVESV）、左室整体射血分数（LVEF）、心肌梗死组及对照组节段射血分数（rEF）。【结果】与对照组比较,心肌梗死组LAD、LVEDV、LVESV较对照组增大（ P ＜0．05）,LVEF较对照组减低（ P ＜0．05）;心肌梗死组125个梗死节段rEF较300个非梗死节段和对照组减低（ P ＜0．05）,非梗死节段较对照组减低（ P ＞0．05）;心肌梗死组LVEF与LVEDV呈显著负相关。【结论】实时三维超声心动图能够有效的评价心肌梗死患者左室整体及节段收缩功能。     

左心衰患者血清MR-ProANP、sST2水平与心室重构、心功能关系研究

摘要：目的：探讨与研究左心衰患者血清心房钠尿肽前体中肽段(MR-proANP)、可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白(sST2)水平与心室重构、心功能的关系。方法：2020年5月到2022年1月选择本院诊治的左心衰患者80例作为左心衰组，同期选择健康人群80例作为健康组。检测两组MR-ProANP、sST2水平并进行心室重构检查，判定冠心病患者的心功能并进行相关性分析。结果：左心衰组的血清MR-ProANP、sST2含量明显高于健康组(P<0.05)。左心衰组的左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)明显高于健康组(P<0.05)，左室射血分数(LVEF)明显低于健康组(P<0.05)。在左心衰组中，NYHA心功能分级为Ι级32例、Ⅱ级28例、Ⅲ级13例、Ⅳ级7例。Pearson法分析显示血清MR-ProANP、sST2含量与LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF、心功能分级存在相关性(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示血清MR-ProANP、sST2含量为影响患者心功能分级的重要因素(P<0.05)。结论：左心衰患者血清MR-ProANP、sST2呈现高表达状况，血清MR-ProANP、sST2水平与心室重构、心功能都存在相关性。     

实时三维超声心动图测量室壁瘤患者左心室容积和收缩功能的可行性研究

目的探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)检测室壁瘤患者左心室容积和收缩功能的可行性和准确性。方法应用RT-3DE及左心室造影分别测量21例室壁瘤患者的左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、收缩末容积(LVESV)和射血分数(LVEF),将RT-3DE测值与左心室造影测值相比较。结果 RT-3DE能显示室壁瘤患者左心室的整体形态,其测量的LVEDV、LVESV较左心室造影测值偏小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而LVEF差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但两种方法测量LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF的相关性r值分别为0.76、0.86、0.67,相关性较好。结论 RT-3DE能够准确测量室壁瘤患者左心室容积和收缩功能。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Structure and function of "metalloantibiotics"

Although most antibiotics do not need metal ions for their biological activities, there are a number of antibiotics that require metal ions to function properly, such as bleomycin (BLM), streptonigrin (SN), and bacitracin. The coordinated metal ions in these antibiotics play an important role in maintaining proper structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Removal of the metal ions from these antibiotics can cause changes in structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Similar to the case of "metalloproteins," these antibiotics are dubbed "metalloantibiotics" which are the title subjects of this review. Metalloantibiotics can interact with several different kinds of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, receptors, and lipids, rendering their unique and specific bioactivities. In addition to the microbial-originated metalloantibiotics, many metalloantibiotic derivatives and metal complexes of synthetic ligands also show antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-neoplastic activities which are also briefly discussed to provide a broad sense of the term "metalloantibiotics."