外周定量CT对大鼠骨骼结构和力学特性的评价

目的　为探讨和评估外周定量CT(pQCT)在骨组织结构和力学特性测量中的价值。方法　将 5 0只 4月龄雌性未交配的健康Wistar大鼠 ,经适应性喂养 8周后 ,随机分成 6组 ,其中 1组处死作为基线组 (Base ,n =8) ,其余大鼠行去卵巢手术 (Ovariectomy ,OVX)或假手术 (Sham)。OVX组共16只 ,Sham组共 8只 ,雌激素干预组 (O +E)共 18只。处死时留取右侧胫骨和股骨分别进行骨组织形态计量学分析、pQCT测量、股骨远端凹入实验和股骨中段三点弯曲试验。结果　大鼠经OVX后胫骨近端骨小梁体积显著降低 (8 1%± 1 4 %比 19 5 %± 1 5 % ,OVX比Sham ,P <0 0 1)和pQCT检查股骨远段的小梁骨骨矿含量 (1 7± 0 3比 3 2± 0 5mg/mm ,OVX比Sham ,P <0 0 1) ,骨矿盐密度(TrabBMD ,15 8± 32比 32 0± 39mg/mm3 ,OVX比ShamP <0 0 1)显著减少 ,同时松质骨的力学特性下降 ,最大载荷和刚度均显著低于假手术组。经雌激素干预后以上各指标均得以改善。皮质骨骨量和结构主要表现为增龄性的改变 ,OVX和雌激素干预对其影响不明显 ,相关分析表明pQCT测得的股骨远端骨密度和组织计量学指标骨小梁的体积和数目呈显著正相关 (r分别为 0 88和 0 73,P <0 0 1) ,股骨松质骨骨量和骨密度与凹入实验的最大载荷和刚度也呈显著正相关 (r为 0     

雌激素对去卵巢大鼠局灶性脑缺血神经细胞凋亡及Bcl-2表达的影响

目的:探讨雌激素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血神经细胞凋亡与Bcl-2表达的影响.方法:雌性Wistar大鼠30只均于脑缺血手术前7 d切除双侧卵巢,随机等分为假手术组、手术对照组及雌激素用药组.采用大脑中动脉阻断制成局灶性脑缺血模型.缺血2 h再灌注24 h后断头取脑,应用TUNEL染色及SP免疫组织化学方法观察并测定梗死灶体积、凋亡细胞数及Bcl-2的表达.结果:假手术组未发现脑梗死灶和凋亡细胞及Bcl-2阳性细胞.雌激素用药组较手术对照组脑梗死体积缩小((59.32±8.95)mm3 vs(96.93±11.63)mm3,P＜0.05),凋亡细胞数减少((96±12)个vs(126±9)个,P＜0.05);Bcl-2表达增强(P＜0.05).结论:雌激素通过上调Bcl-2的表达抑制脑细胞凋亡,具有脑保护作用.     

电刺激小脑顶核对局灶性脑缺血"治疗时间窗"影响的实验研究

目的　探讨电刺激小脑顶核 (FN)对局灶性脑缺血“治疗时间窗”的影响。方法　建立大鼠小脑FN电刺激及局灶性脑缺血再灌注 2 4h模型 ,应用尼氏体染色及神经元数量及形态分级评分法 ,观察电刺激FN对较长时间局灶性脑缺血 (3、6及 8h)后再灌注 2 4h ,缺血再灌注区感觉皮质神经元数量及形态改变的影响。结果　缺血 3、6及 8h后再灌注 2 4h ,神经元保存分别为 3 2 %±11 3% ,2 6 %± 4 5 %及 3 8%± 3 2 % ,评分均为 4 0± 0 0 ,各组之间差异无显著意义。而预先电刺激FN ,缺血 3h后再灌注 2 4h ,神经元保存 6 4 2 %± 11 3% ,评分明显降低 (2 1± 0 2 ) ,与相应时点对照组相比差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ,但神经元明显缩小 ;缺血 6h后再灌注 2 4h ,部分神经元保存(32 8%± 6 5 % ) ,评分亦有所降低 (3 0± 0 0 ) ,与相应时点对照组相比差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,神经元形态呈缩小或不规则 ;缺血 8h后再灌注 2 4h ,神经元几乎完全丧失 (4 1%± 3 5 % ) ,评分为4 0± 0 0 ,与相应时点对照组相比差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　电刺激FN可延长局灶性脑缺血“治疗时间窗” ;神经元的完全恢复可能仍需要其他进一步干预措施。     

复方缬芎滴丸对大鼠急性脑缺血的保护作用

目的 :研究复方缬芎滴丸对大鼠局灶性脑缺血的保护作用。方法 :采用线栓法造成大鼠一侧大脑中动脉永久性阻塞模型。通过大鼠行为学评分、脑梗塞指数、脑重指数及脑组织病理学改变等指标 ,观察复方缬芎滴丸抗急性脑缺血的作用。结果 :复方缬芎滴丸小剂量组 (31.3mg·kg-1)、中剂量组 (93.7mg·kg-1)、大剂量组 (15 6 .7mg·kg-1)均使脑缺血大鼠神经症状明显减轻 (P <0 .0 1) ,脑梗塞指数分别为 16 .5 2 %± 5 .78%、16 .5 4 %± 3.0 0 %、14 .18%± 6 .13% ,与阴性对照组脑梗塞指数 (2 4 .0 3%± 4 .85 % )相比 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。HE染色显示各用药组神经元和组织间隙水肿程度明显减轻 ,波及范围明显缩小。结论 :复方缬芎滴丸有明显的抗急性脑缺血作用。     

高压氧对大鼠持续性局灶脑缺血后梗塞灶体积的影响

目的 :探讨高压氧治疗对大鼠局灶性脑缺血的作用及机制。方法 :应用线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型。随机分为假手术组 ,缺血对照组 ,缺血 +高压氧组 ,缺血 +高压空气组。每组各分 5小组 (n =4 ) ,分别于 6,2 4 ,4 8,72h及 7d断头。观察各组大鼠梗塞灶体积的大小 ,并进行组间比较。结果 :高压氧组 7d大鼠梗塞灶体积 (180 .3± 15 .5 )mm3 明显小于缺血对照组 (2 2 1.3± 17.1)mm3 (P <0 .0 1)。而高压空气组与缺血对照组比较 ,差异无显著性。结论 :早期应用高压氧可能对治疗急性脑缺血有效     

雌激素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血神经细胞caspase-3表达的影响

目的:探讨雌激素对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经细胞caspase-3表达的影响。方法:健康雌性Wistar大鼠30只,随机等分为假手术组、缺血对照组及雌激素用药组。采用栓线法阻断大脑中动脉建立局灶性脑缺血模型。缺血2 h再灌注24 h后断头取脑,用体积分数为1%四氮唑染色分别观察各组大鼠脑梗死灶的大小,应用免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠脑组织caspase-3的表达。结果:假手术组未发现脑梗死灶和caspase-3表达阴性;雌激素用药组(16.7±2.1)%脑梗死体积明显小于缺血对照组(21.9±4.3)%(P<0.01);caspase-3的表达雌激素用药组(131±15)个明显小于缺血对照组(86±11)个(P<0.01)。结论:雌激素可抑制大鼠脑神经细胞caspase-3活性,减少脑神经元凋亡,具有脑神经保护作用。     

急性期升高血压对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤的影响

目的探讨急性期升高血压治疗对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑梗塞体积和脑血流的影响。方法健康成年雄性SD大鼠36只,被随机分为单纯缺血3、4、6h组及缺血2、3、5h升高血压1h组,共6组,每组6只。制备大脑中动脉梗死模型,采用激光多普勒血流仪测量大鼠局灶性脑缺血各时相皮层缺血中心边缘区局部脑血流(rCBF),并于各时间点取大鼠脑切片,红四氮唑染色后,计算机图像分析系统测量脑梗死体积。结果缺血2、3、5h升压组大鼠rCBF分别恢复至基础rCBF的(81.8±3.1)%、(56.0±2.1)%和(38.8±2.0)%。缺血2h、3h升压组脑梗死体积分别为(14±7)mm3、(90±24)mm3,均显著小于相应的单纯缺血组比较梗塞体积显著缩小(均P<0.05)。结论改善缺血中心边缘区脑血流可能是急性期升压疗法治疗局灶性脑缺血损伤的主要机制之一。     

雌孕激素对摘除卵巢大鼠子宫内膜增生与抑制的影响

目的　了解雌孕激素对摘除卵巢大鼠子宫内膜增生与抑制的影响。　方法　 4 5只 SD雌性大鼠随机分为 5组 ,每组 9只 :(1 )假手术 (Sham )组 ,(2 )双卵巢切除 (OVX)组 ,(3)双侧卵巢切除加苯甲酸雌二醇 (OVX+BE2 )组 ,(4 )双卵巢切除加黄体酮 (OVX+P)组 ,(5 )双卵巢切除同时用苯甲酸雌二醇和黄体酮 (OVX+BE2 +P)组。运用计算机图像分析技术对大鼠子宫内膜进行形态计量测定 ,结合增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)免疫组织化学染色来观察内膜的增生与抑制情况。　结果　在内膜厚度、腔上皮和腺上皮厚度、腺腔内径、腺体体积分数及上皮细胞PCNA指数方面 ,与 OVX组相比 :OVX+BE2 组、OVX+BE2 +P组均明显增大 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;OVX+P组各指标的变化不显著。　结论　雌孕激素单独或联合使用对摘除卵巢大鼠子宫内膜的影响各异 ;形态计量分析及 PCNA指数联合使用能较客观直接敏感地反映内膜的增生与抑制变化情况     

雌激素对卵巢切除大鼠血脂和血清瘦素、抵抗素表达的影响

目的:探讨雌激素对卵巢切除大鼠血脂和血清瘦素、抵抗素表达的影响.方法:12周SD大鼠分成3组,假手术(Sham)组、卵巢切除(OVX)组和雌激素(OVX+E2)组,每组7只,术后10 d,Sham组和OVX组大鼠每天腹腔注射生理盐水0.1 ml/只,OVX+E2组每天注射苯甲酸雌二醇0.2 mg/只,连续注射30 d后...     

雌激素联合孕激素间断应用对去卵巢大鼠的影响

目的　观察雌激素苯甲酸雌二醇 (E)联合间断应用孕激素黄体酮 (P)对双侧卵巢切除 (OVX)大鼠的影响。方法　 35只雌性大鼠随机分成 5组 ,每组 7只。①假手术 (Sham)组、②卵巢切除 (OVX)组、③卵巢切除加雌激素 (OVX E)组、④卵巢切除加孕激素(OVX P)组、⑤卵巢切除加雌激素和孕激素 (OVX E P)组。实验 1 0周后处死大鼠 ,称取大鼠子宫和股骨湿重量 ,并测定子宫内膜厚度、骨密度和血清脂蛋白。结果　与Sham组相比 :OVX组和OVX P组子宫重量、股骨重量和BMD减少 ,子宫内膜变薄 ,体重、血总胆固醇 (TC)和低密度脂蛋白 (LDL)增加 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ;OVX E组体重、股骨重量、BMD、TC和LDL差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5) ,子宫重量增加、子宫内膜增厚、血HDL增高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ;OVX E P组股骨重量、BMD、子宫重量、子宫内膜厚度和血脂均差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　单纯使用孕激素不能阻止OVX导致的骨丢失 ;单纯使用雌激素导致OVX鼠子宫重量增加和子宫内膜增厚 ;雌激素联合间断应用孕激素能阻止OVX导致的骨丢失和体重增加 ,并可避免OVX和雌激素对子宫内膜的不良作用 ;间断加入孕激素没有影响雌激素对OVX大鼠脂代谢的有利作用     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.