东莞市凤岗镇部分外来流动人群乙型肝炎感染调查

目的 了解外来流动人群乙型肝炎感染率及免疫水平，探讨外来流动人群乙肝预防的对策与措施。方法 采用随机抽样方法，选取在2004年1-12月2290名（前来凤岗医院预防保健科体检中心体检，并要求接种乙肝疫苗的）在凤岗学习生活居住18个月以下的外来流动健康人群为调查对象；采用ELISA法测定HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc5项乙型肝炎标志物。按年龄、性别分组进行5项标志物（HBVM）的分析比较。结果 HBsAg总阳性率12．93％，男、女分别为10．00％、16．53％，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；抗-HBs总阳性率为49．61％，其中男性为51．72％，女性为46．93％，各年龄组间抗-HBs阳性率差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；HBVM全阴率为31．44％，男性为31．41％，女性31．49％，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 凤岗镇外来流动人群中乙型肝炎感染率较高，应进行乙型肝炎宣传教育，加强乙型肝炎疫苗接种率，提高人群免疫水平，降低乙型肝炎发病率。     

乙肝疫苗接种后抗体应答及阻断乙肝效果的临床观察

目的 进一步了解学龄儿童乙肝病毒的感染率和小学生的乙肝疫苗接种率、抗-HBs阳性率和HBsAg阳性率，抗体滴度及保护效果。方法 观察对象为我市的人群，分为儿童组，8～10岁的363名易感儿童，青年组16～18岁的287名，壮年组30-47岁135名，老年组50～65岁53名。检测HBsAg、抗-HBs，用固相放免方法检测。在有效期内严格按操作说明书进行检测及判断结果。判定：S／N≥2.1；以≥10ml U／ml为阳性。采用χ^2检验的统计学检验分析。结果乙肝疫苗接种率，市区小学生高于郊区学生（χ^2=54．58，p〈0、01），HBsAg的阳性率呈下降趋势，检测到的1134名小学生中，抗-HBs阳性率平均在89.2％。HBsAg阳性率，城区小学生低于郊区学生（χ^2=18，35，p〈0.01），且均随乙肝疫苗接种率的增高而下降。市区学生HBsAg阳性率2．65％；郊区学生HBsAg阳性率2．76％，差异无显著意义（χ^2=1．35，P〉0．05）。近期加强接种了重组乙肝疫苗的中学生，抗-HBs抗体阳性率97．7％。结论 随着乙肝疫苗接种率和抗-HBs阳性率的增高，HBsAg阳性率呈下降趋势。在乙肝高发区，尽管推行了乙肝疫苗全程免疫规划，但从长远的免疫策略考虑，有必要制定加强免疫计划。     

乙型肝炎疫苗免疫复盖人群HBsAg阳性原因分析

目的：在实施乙型肝炎(乙肝)免疫策略16年的广东省江门市区．分析免疫复盖人群HBsAg阳性原因．为提高乙肝计划免疫工作质量．有效预防和控制HBV感染提供依据。方法：以分层随机整群抽样的方法在市区四所中小学校进行乙肝感染史调查，通过问卷洲查并查阅历年体检(乙肝血清监测)记录，获得HBsAg阳性名单及其相关资料，进行统计分析。结果：在四所学校中共测查5625人，查出HBsAg阳性63例，阳性率为1．120%(63／5626)。63例中无乙肝免疫史19例．占30．15％；免疫史不详7例，占11．11％；未及时免疫18例，占28．57％；非全程免疫5例，占7．93％。母亲HBsAg阳性14例，占22．22％。结论：开展乙肝疫苗计划免疫的地区．免疫复盖人群HBsAg阳性主要为漏注疫苗和出生后不及时免疫。为进一步降低乙肝的发病率和感染率，必须从提高计免工作质量入手，降低漏注率和不及时免疫率。     

河源市市区健康人群乙型肝炎病毒感染情况分析

目的了解河源市健康人群乙型肝炎感染率及免疫水平，为实施对健康人群乙肝疫苗免疫计划提供依据。方法对2055名前来河源市疾病预防控制中心预防接种门诊要求接种乙肝疫苗的健康人群，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（EuSA）进行HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc检测。结果HBsAg总阳性率为13.04％，抗-HBs总阳性率为46．8l％，HBV全阴率为36．45％。结论人群中乙肝感染率高，应及时对易感人群接种乙肝疫苗，减少乙肝发病率。     

广州市东山区幼儿园、小学学生HBsAg、抗-HBs的检测分析

目的 了解我区自1992年乙肝疫苗接种纳入计划免疫以来，4岁幼儿班及小学1～6年级学生的乙肝疫苗免疫接种效果及乙肝感染情况。方法 采用酶联免疫法于2003年8～10月对我区4岁幼儿班及小学1～6年级的学生进行HBsAg、抗-HBs指标检测。结果 HBsAg阳性率为0．64％，其中HBsAg阳性率最高是小学六年级，阳性率为1．12％，最低是4岁幼儿班，阳性率为0．08％；抗-HBs阳性率为66．25％。结论 新生儿乙肝疫苗全程接种对提高人群免疫水平，降低乙肝病毒感染率起重要作用。     

于洪区1～5岁儿童HBsAg和抗-HBs调查

目的：了解于洪区1-5岁儿童乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）和乙肝表面抗体（HBs）水平。方法：用酶联免疫（ELISA）进行检测。结果：1—5岁儿童HBsAg阳性率为0．50％，接种疫苗1年的幼儿抗-HBs阳性率为80．36％，随接种年数的增长抗-HBs阳性率下降趋势明显。在抗-HBs阳性的儿童中有28．93％的儿童的阳转率处于微弱阳性状况。结论：应根据抗-HBs检测结果，及时给予乙肝疫苗补种和加强。     

赤峰市儿童乙肝免疫后HBsAg抗-HBs调查分析

目的：报告赤峰市1～14岁乙肝疫苗接种后免疫效应。方法：采用放射免疫法，对537人进行监测。结果：HBs阳性4人，阳性率为0．76％。不同年龄组的人群抗-HBs阳性有472人，阳性率为87．51％．达保护水平有390人，有效抗体阳性率为72．36％。结论：①对边远牧区和流动人群的新生儿应加强基础免疫；②对乙肝疫苗基础免疫后时间较长的儿童有必要实施加强免疫．以维持乙肝疫苗免疫后人群的高免疫水平；③对抗-HBs阴性者，应结合2对半检测可加大疫苗剂量和同时应用免疫调节剂等方法再次全程接种．以提高人群的抗-HBs的阳性率。     

乙肝疫苗免疫后远期流行病学保护效果的研究

目的进一步了解学龄儿童乙肝病毒的感染率和小学生的乙肝疫苗接种率、抗-HBs阳性率和HBsAg阳性率，抗体滴度及保护效果。方法观察小学1-6年级小学生，年龄范围在7—13周岁之间，辖区内部分中学生，检测HBsAg、抗-HBs，用固相放免方法检测。在有效期内严格接操作说明书进行检测及判断结果。判定：S／N≥2．1；以≥10mIU／ml为阳性。采用x^2检验的统计学检验分析。结果乙肝疫苗接种率，市区小学生高于郊区学生（x^2=54．58，P〈0．01），HBsAg的阳性率呈下降趋势，检测到的1134名小学生中，抗-HBs阳性率平均在89．2％．HBsAg阳性率，城区小学生低于郊区学生（x^2=18.35，P〈0．01），且均随乙肝疫苗接种率的增高而下降。市区学生HBsAg阳性率2．65％；郊区学生HBsAg阳性率2．76％，差异无显著意义（x^2=1．35，P〉0．05）．近期加强接种了重组乙肝疫苗的中学生，抗HBs-抗体阳性率97．7％。结论随着乙肝疫苗接种率和抗-HBs阳性率的增高，HBsAg阳性率呈下降趋势。在乙肝高发区．尽管推行了乙肝疫苗全程免疫规划，但从长远的免疫篆略考虑，有必要制定加强免疫计划。     

温州市不同人群乙肝病毒感染情况分析

目的 了解温州市健康人群乙型肝炎感染情况及免疫水平，为实施对健康人群乙肝疫苗免疫计划和乙肝的防治提供依据。方法 对2003-2005年间来温州市疾病预防控制中心体检的健康人群，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）进行HBsAg、HBeAg，对HBsAg阳性者用金标快速诊断试剂进行复检。结果 共检测了89639例，HBsAg阳性者4902人。总阳性率5．47％。HBeAg阳性率1．58％（1397／89639）。其中，学生体检数38501例，HBsAg阳性者2236人，阳性率5．81％；一般从业人员7428人，HBsAg阳性者689。阳性率9．28％；服务行业从业人员43710例。HBsAg阳性者1977人，阳性率4．52％。结论 不同人群的乙肝感染率有很大区别，学生和餐饮服务行业人员的感染率相对较低。并呈逐年下降趋势；普通人群中乙肝感染率还是较高，3年没有很大改变，说明温州市的乙肝疫苗接种有很大的效果，但还应及时对易感人群接种乙肝疫苗。减少乙肝发病率。     

云浮市2001～2005年健康人群乙肝病毒感染分析

目的了解云浮市健康人群乙肝病毒（HBV）感染率及免疫水平，探讨健康人群乙型肝炎防控对策和措施。方法采集43890人健康人群血清，采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc5项标志物（HBVM），并按年龄、性别分组进行分析比较。结果HBsAg总阳性率为16．9l％，其中男性为17．80％，女性为16．20％，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；HBeAg总阳性率为6．46％，其中男性为6．60％，女性为6．34％，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；抗-HBs总阳性率为43．03％，其中男性为35．73％，女性为48-88％，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；HBVM全阴率为20．58％，其中男性为26．76％，女性为15．63％，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；各年龄组间抗-HBs阳性率差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论人群中HBV感染率高，易感者多，免疫水平较低，应加强成人乙肝疫苗接种工作，扩大免疫屏障．降低发病率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.