408例缺血性脑血管病二级预防抗血小板药物应用状况调查

目的 了解北京市部分二级医院缺血性脑血管病二级预防抗血小板药物的应用现状,为改进缺血性脑血管病二级预防工作提供依据.方法 本研究为现况调查,研究对象为以自愿形式参加的北京市4家二级医院中急性脑梗死及短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的住院患者,调查其住院期间以及出院3个月二级预防抗血小板药物的应用现况.结果 人选患者共458例.其中408例完成3个月随访.住院期间抗血小板药物应用率为93.7%,3个月随访发现.抗血小板药物的院外治疗依从性差,应用率明显下降,为69.6%(P=0.003);男性(OR=1.708),95%CI 1.083～2.691及TIA患者(OR=1.954,95%CI1.046～3.649)成为患者抗血小板药物依从性差的促进因素.结论 北京市部分二级医院缺血性脑血管病二级预防抗血小板药物的应用现状不容乐观,临床医生应对缺血性脑血管病患者二级预防抗血小板药物的依从性给予关注.     

阿司匹林对缺血性脑血管病患者抗血小板聚集作用的临床观察

阿司匹林是抗血小板聚集药物，广泛应用在心脑血管疾病的治疗和预防。本研究对日服阿刮匹林75mg的68例缺血性脑血管病（ICVD）患者通过测定其血小板聚集率观察阿司匹林的抗血小板聚集作用。     

缺血性脑血管病颅内外血管狭窄支架成形术的临床研究

目的 观察颅内外血管狭窄支架成形术治疗对缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)的疗效及安全性.方法 对35例ICVD患者进行颅内外血管内支架成形术,观察手术疗效.结果 手术成功率97.14%(34例),其中6例患者(17.14%)发生围手术期并发症[短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)3例,脑血管痉挛、术中低血压休克、术后低血压各1例],经...     

青年型缺血性脑血管病特点

目的研究青年型缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)的特点。方法回顾性总结1990～1999年间我院收治的199例青年型ICVD患者。以46岁以上患者为对照组，分析青年型ICVD患者发病年龄、性别、脑血管病危险因素、血管影像学检查和预后特点。结果青年型ICVD患者男性比例显著高于女性，女性发病年龄早于男性。吸烟是青年型ICVD最常见的危险因素，有高血压、糖尿病、心肌梗死史的比例显著低于46岁以上患者；房颤、吸烟、酗酒、高甘油三脂和未发现危险因素的比例显著高于46岁以上患者。脑血管成像69．4％的患者存在血管狭窄。与46岁以上患者组比较，治疗后恶化和死亡的比例显著为低，而发生出血性梗死比例显著增高。结论男性更容易在青年期患ICVD，吸烟、酗酒等不良生活习惯在青年型ICVD的发病中具有更重要的作用。青年型脑梗死更容易发生出血性梗死。短期预后优于46岁以上患者。     

头颈部动脉夹层18例影像和临床特点、治疗及随访

目的探讨自发性头颈部动脉夹层(包括颈动脉及椎动脉夹层)的影像学特点及其治疗随访情况。方法对18例自2009年²013年于我科住院诊断为急性脑梗死/TIA,后经检查证实自发性头颈部动脉夹层患者的影像学特点、病因、临床特点及治疗随访情况进行分析。结果 11例颈动脉夹层及7例椎动脉夹层患者的发病高危因素包括近期上呼吸道感染、颈部按摩、颈部轻微外伤、偏头痛、结缔组织疾病、长期吸烟、高血压等。DSA检查5例表现为线样征,1例可见血管内膜瓣,3例表现为双腔征,8例表现为火焰征,17例患者表现为脑梗死,1例表现为TIA,2例患者伴有头颈部疼痛,1例患者伴有Horner征。3例患者接受抗凝治疗,15例患者接受抗血小板聚集治疗,其中1例伴有明显血流动力学障碍行支架植入术。所有患者在32013年于我科住院诊断为急性脑梗死/TIA,后经检查证实自发性头颈部动脉夹层患者的影像学特点、病因、临床特点及治疗随访情况进行分析。结果 11例颈动脉夹层及7例椎动脉夹层患者的发病高危因素包括近期上呼吸道感染、颈部按摩、颈部轻微外伤、偏头痛、结缔组织疾病、长期吸烟、高血压等。DSA检查5例表现为线样征,1例可见血管内膜瓣,3例表现为双腔征,8例表现为火焰征,17例患者表现为脑梗死,1例表现为TIA,2例患者伴有头颈部疼痛,1例患者伴有Horner征。3例患者接受抗凝治疗,15例患者接受抗血小板聚集治疗,其中1例伴有明显血流动力学障碍行支架植入术。所有患者在3⁶ m的随访过程中未发生新的缺血事件。结论依据典型的临床表现及影像学表现可帮助诊断头颈部动脉夹层,口服抗凝及抗血小板聚集治疗是目前首选治疗方案,部分伴有明显血流动力学障碍的狭窄病例可尝试支架置入术。     

缺血性脑血管病与颈动脉粥样硬化及其危险因素的关系

目的探讨缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)与颈动脉粥样硬化及其危险因素的关系。方法对186例ICVD患者与194例非脑血管病患者和正常体检者(对照组)行颈部血管超声检查和血液生化检查;比较两组间的颈动脉硬化程度及脑卒中危险因素的差异。结果ICVD组年龄[(69±7)岁]和患有高血压(66.1%)、糖尿病(53.4%)、代谢综合征患者(44.6%)的比率非常明显高于对照组[(61±5)岁、48.8%、15.2%、12.9%](均P<0.001)。ICVD组颈动脉粥样硬化分级计分≥2分(斑块发生率)、≥3分(血管狭窄发生率)分别为69.3%、20.4%,明显高于对照组的33.5%和5.1%(均P<0.05)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化是ICVD的危险因素之一;各种危险因素的聚集对ICVD的发生起重要作用。     

血管狭窄支架置入术治疗缺血性脑血管病的随访研究

目的 探讨头颈部血管狭窄支架置入术对缺血性脑血管病防治的有效性及安全性.方法 选择符合本研究设计的2008年8月～2012年3月在西安交通大学第二附属医院神经内科住院、接受全脑血管造影术且行血管内支架置入术的122例患者作为研究对象.观察:(1)靶病变血管病变的分布情况、支架置入成功率;(2)脑梗死患者术前及术后1个月临床神经功能缺失评分(NIHSS),术后3个月时改良Rankin评分(mRS);(3)随访期间用药依从性、脑血管病复发率及其他并发症的发生情况.结果 (1)不同年龄段靶病变血管的分布不同,青年组以颅内血管病变为主,中老年组以颅外血管病变为主;支架置入手术成功率为92.62％;围手术期严重并发症发生9例(7.38％),其中死亡5例(4.10％).(2)76例围手术期后生存的脑梗死患者,术前及术后1个月NIHSS有统计学差异(P＜0.01);术后3个月mRS≤2分者63例(82.89％).(3)终末随访时正规服药者73例(65.77％);随访期间发生缺血性脑血管病17例(13.93％),共发生支架再狭窄10例(8.20％);总死亡及植物状态10例(8.20％),支架手术相关性死亡及植物状态6例(4.92％).结论 支架置入术对缺血性脑血管病的近期和远期治疗安全有效.定期门诊检查,可以提高患者术后用药的依从性.     

阿斯匹林与其他抗血小板药物在缺血性脑血管病防治中的联合应用与对照研究

阿斯匹林(ASA)对缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)的防治疗效不稳定。一些研究表明ASA对ICVD有肯定的防治作用,但另一部分研究则持否定态度。其原因为ASA不能抑制两种以上的致聚剂诱导的血小板聚集(PAgT)作用,不能抑制致PAgT的全部途径。近几年来人们致力于研究ASA与其他抗血小板药物联合应用防治ICVD,并取得了突破性进展。有关这方面的研究国内资料极少。现把国外近年来有关ASA与其他抗血小板药物联合应用及对照研究结果综述如下:     

缺血性脑血管病中血小板聚集功能的研究

目的:探讨血小板聚集功能在缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)发病中作用。方法:对发病72h内的ICVD患者72例以及40名健康对照者进行血小板最大聚集率(MAR)、血浆血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)、P-选择素水平和血清血小板活化因子(PAF)水平以及血小板膜糖蛋白(GP)Ⅲa的基因PLA多态性检测。结果:ICVD患者血小板MAR以及血TXB2、TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α比值、P-选择素和PAF水平均显著高于对照者(P<0.05),所有受试者GPⅢa基因型均为PLA1/A1纯合基因型,未发现该位点碱基变异。结论:ICVD患者急性期血小板活化功能增强、聚集性增加,但此与血小板GPⅢ基因PLA多态性无关。     

阿斯匹林与其他抗血小板药物在缺血性脑血管病防治中的联合应用与对照研究

阿斯匹林(ASA)对缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)的防治疗效不稳定。一些研究表明ASA对ICVD有肯定的防治作用,但另一部分研究则持否定态度。其原因为ASA不能抑制两种以上的致聚剂诱导的血小板聚集(PAgT)作用,不能抑制致PAgT的全部途径。近几年来人们致力于研究ASA与其他抗血小板药物联合应用防治ICVD,并取得了突破性进展。有关这方面的研究国内资料极少,现把国外近年来有关ASA与其他抗血小板药物联合应用及对照研究结果综述如下。     

脑梗死病人社会支持及家庭功能对治疗依从性的影响

目的探讨脑梗死病人社会支持及家庭功能对治疗依从性的影响。方法选取2013年1月至2015年1月收治的脑梗死病人116例,采用Morisky服药依从性量表-8(MMAS-8)评估病人的治疗依从性,采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评估病人的社会支持情况,采用APGAR家庭功能评估表评估病人的家庭功能情况。采用多元线性回归分析评价社会支持及家庭功能对脑梗死病人治疗依从性的影响。结果所有病人均能完成调查,MMAS-8评分(7.1±1.0)分,其中依从性良好56例(48.3%),依从性一般32例(27.6%),依从性差28例(24.1%);多元线性回归分析结果显示,家庭人均月收入、病程、主观支持、情感度、亲密度、合作度是影响病人治疗依从性的重要因素。结论脑梗死病人的治疗依从性与社会支持度和家庭功能状况息息相关,护理人员应当做好相关干预,提高病人的家庭、社会支持度,改善病人治疗依从性,进而改善病人预后和生活质量。     

Effect of antiplatelet therapy on the incidence,prognosis, and rebleeding of intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective

Antiplatelet medications are increasingly being used for primary and secondary prevention of ischemic attacks owing to the increasing prevalence of ischemic stroke occurrences. Currently, many patients receive antiplatelet therapy (APT) to prevent thromboembolic events. However, long-term use of APT might also lead to an increased occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and affect the prognosis of patients with ICH. Furthermore, some research suggest that restarting APT for patients who have previously experienced ICH may result in rebleeding events. The precise relationship between APT and ICH remains unknown.

Methods

We searched PubMed for the most recent related literature and summarized the findings from various studies. The search terms included “antiplatelet,” “intracerebral hemorrhage,” “cerebral microbleeds,” “hematoma expansion,” “recurrent,” and “reinitiate.” Clinical studies involving human subjects were ultimately included and interpreted in this review, and animal studies were not discussed.

Results

When individuals are administered APT, the risk of thrombotic events should be weighted against the risk of bleeding. In general, for some patients’ concomitant with risk factors of thrombotic events, the advantages of antiplatelet medication may outweigh the inherent risk of rebleeding. However, the use of antiplatelet medications for other patients with a higher risk of bleeding should be carefully evaluated and closely monitored. In the future, a quantifiable system for assessing thrombotic risk and bleeding risk will be necessary. After evaluation, the appropriate time to restart APT for ICH patients should be determined to prevent underlying ischemic stroke events. According to the present study results and expert experience, most patients now restart APT at around 1 week following the onset of ICH. Nevertheless, the precise time to restart APT should be chosen on a case-by-case basis as per the patient's risk of embolic events and recurrent bleeding. More compelling evidence-based medicine evidence is needed in the future.

Conclusion

This review thoroughly discusses the relationship between APT and the development of ICH, the impact of APT on the course and prognosis of ICH patients, and the factors influencing the decision to restart APT after ICH. However, different studies' conclusions are inconsistent due to the differences in quality control. To support future clinical decisions, more large-scale randomized controlled trials are required.     

Adherence to anti-Parkinson drug therapy in the “REASON” sample of Italian patients with Parkinson’s disease: the linguistic validation of the Italian version of the “Morisky Medical Adherence scale-8 items”

Information about patients’ adherence to therapy represents a primary issue in Parkinson’s disease (PD) management. To perform the linguistic validation of the Italian version of the self-rated 8-Item Morisky Medical Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and to describe in a sample of Italian patients affected by PD the adherence to anti-Parkinson drug therapy and the association between adherence and some socio-demographic and clinical features. MMAS-8 was translated into Italian language by two independent Italian mother-tongue translators. The consensus version was then back-translated by an English mother-tongue translator. This translation process was followed by a consensus meeting between the authors of translation and investigators and then by two comprehension tests. The translated version of the MMAS-8 scale was then administered at the baseline visit of the “REASON” study (Italian Study on the Therapy Management in Parkinson’s disease: Motor, Non-Motor, Adherence and Quality Of Life Factors) in a large sample of PD patients. The final version of the MMAS-8 was easily understood. Mean ± SD MMAS-8 score was 6.1 ± 1.2. There were no differences in adherence to therapy in relationship to disease severity, gender, educational level or decision to change therapy. The Italian version of MMAS-8, the key tool of the REASON study to assess the adherence to therapy, has shown to be understandable to patients with PD. Patients enrolled in the REASON study showed medium therapy adherence.     

Validation of Chinese version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale in patients with epilepsy

PurposeThis study aimed to validate a Chinese version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) in patients with epilepsy. The relationships between adherence, seizure frequency, and adverse effects were assessed using this method.MethodsData from patients diagnosed with epilepsy at the Department of Neurology of Huashan Hospital were collected between January and June 2013. To validate the MMAS-8, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and factor analysis were calculated. Relationships between adherence, seizure frequency, and adverse effects were assessed using Pearson's correlation.ResultsOne hundred and eleven patients were recruited. The MMAS-8 had moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.556) and good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.729). The MMAS-8 adherence rate was 79.2%. MMAS-8 adherence was negatively correlated with seizure frequency and adverse effects (r = –0.708, p < 0.001; r = –0.484, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe MMAS-8 scale can be used as a tool to assess medication adherence in Chinese patients with epilepsy. Better seizure control and lower rates of adverse effects were significantly correlated with higher adherence scores.     

舍曲林联合重复经颅磁刺激对老年2型糖尿病患者伴抑郁的疗效观察

目的观察舍曲林联合重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对老年2型糖尿病伴抑郁患者的治疗效果。方法选择2017-05—2020-08郑州大学第一附属医院老年内分泌科老年2型糖尿病伴抑郁患者120例,根据抛硬币法随机分为舍曲林联合重复经颅磁刺激组(联合组)和舍曲林单药治疗组(单药组)各60例,观察8周,联合组随访到53例,单药组随访到54例。对比2组治疗前后抗抑郁治疗有效率、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评分、服药依从性量表(MMAS-8)评分、中文版老年糖尿病自我管理行为量表(DSMB-O)评分和副反应量表(TESS)评分。结果治疗后2组有效率、MMSA-8、DSMB-O评分均随治疗时间的延长而增加,联合组增加幅度高于单药组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后2组HAMD-17评分均随治疗时间的延长而下降,联合组下降幅度高于单药组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后2组TESS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论rTMS能够增强舍曲林对老年2型糖尿病伴抑郁患者的抗抑郁效果,同时能够增加患者的服药依从性和自我管理能力。     

河北省南和县农村卒中患者二级预防药物依从性及其相关因素分析

目的 分析河北省南和县农村卒中患者应用二级预防抗血小板药物、他汀类药物和降压药物的服 药依从性现状，并探讨其影响因素。 方法 本研究使用群组随机对照试验“南和县实用创新型脑卒中防治项目”的基线调查数据。该横 断面调查于2017年7月抽取位于5个镇的50个村，每村抽取符合纳入和排除标准的卒中患者开展问卷 调查及体格检查。问卷主要信息包括：社会人口学信息、患病史、社会支持、服药依从性等。患者服 药依从性根据Morisky Green Levine量表评测。采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析患者抗血小板药物、 他汀类药物和降压药物服药依从性的影响因素。 结果 共纳入1299例卒中患者，平均年龄65.7±8.2岁，男性746例（57.4%）。服用抗血小板类、他汀 类、降压药物的患者分别占依照诊断史估测应服药人数的72.0%（852/1184）、28.4%（340/1197）和 91.1%（1030/1131）。服药患者中，药物依从率分别为63.0%（537/852）、63.5%（216/340）和62.6% （645/1030）。多因素分析显示，自我感知照护需求低的患者（OR 0.58，95%CI 0.45～0.75，P＜0.001）， 服用抗血小板药物依从性好；有卒中复发史患者（OR 2.09，95%CI 1.17～3.71，P =0.013）服用他汀类 药物依从性差，无吸烟史患者（OR 0.43，95%CI 0.19～0.97，P =0.043）服用他汀类药物依从性好。 年龄较大（OR 0.97，95%CI 0.95～0.99，P =0.004）、服2种以上药物（OR 0.54，95%CI 0.39～0.75， P ＜0.001）、自我感知照护需求低（OR 0.58，95%C I 0.40～0.84，P =0.004）及无吸烟史患者 （OR 0.63，95%CI 0.41～0.84，P =0.046）服用降压类药物依从性好。 结论 河北省南和县农村卒中患者二级预防合理用药率较低，服药患者依从性不佳，服药依从性 与患者年龄、吸烟史、卒中复发史、服药数量、自我感知照护需求等因素相关。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影与数字减影血管造影在诊断缺血性脑血管病中的对比分析

目的比较分析缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)多层螺旋CT脑血管造影(MSCTA)与数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查结果,以及颅内外血管病变与ICVD的关系。方法138例ICVD患者接受MSCTA检查,对其中发现血管病变的46例进行DSA检查,了解颅内外血管病变情况;并分析两种检查结果的一致性及其差异。结果两种检查结果均显示本组患者以颈动脉系统血管病变占优势,其中颈内动脉(ICA)病变所占比例最高(MSCTA:50/121,41.32%;DSA:18/56,32.14%),其次为颈总动脉(CCA)(MSCTA:27/121,22.31%;DSA:11/56,19.64%),椎-基底动脉系统病变较少。两种检查比较病变血管分布差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。血管狭窄程度:1级狭窄MSCTA明显多于DSA,2级、3级、4级狭窄则相反,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。以DSA为金标准,本组MSCTA检查的灵敏度为91.07%,特异度为93.62%,阳性预测值(PPV)为94.44%,阴性预测值(NPV)为89.80%。结论ICVD患者大多存在颈动脉病变,颈动脉病变与ICVD密切相关;MSCTA与DSA检查结果有较高的...     

阿司匹林抵抗与大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死复发的相关性研究

目的探讨大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死(LAA)复发的影响因素,并分析其与阿司匹林抵抗(AR)的相关性。方法选取漯河市中心医院2019-01—08收治的200例大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死患者为研究对象,根据脑梗死有无复发分为LAA未复发组(158例)和LAA复发组(42例)。所有患者口服阿司匹林治疗,采用阿司匹林药物基因检测,PEAR1(G>A)基因型,检测结果示GG野生型对阿司匹林应答较好,AG突变杂合型应答不佳。对患者进行为期1 a的随访调查,多因素Logistic回归分析LAA复发的相关影响因素,并采用Spearman分析LAA复发与AR的相关性。结果LAA复发患者的年龄、糖尿病比例、AR比例、抗血小板药物依从性差比例及TC、Hcy水平显著高于LAA未复发患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访1 a内42例LAA复发患者中AR组26例(61.90%),显著多于AS组的16例(38.10%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);158例LAA未复发患者中AR组25例(15.82%),显著少于AS组的133例(84.18%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归方程分析显示,患者年龄、糖尿病、AR、抗血小板药物依从性差、TC、Hcy均为LAA复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。患者年龄、糖尿病、AR、抗血小板药物依从性差、TC、Hcy与LAA复发呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论患者年龄、糖脂代谢、AR、抗血小板药物依从性差等各项因素均能增加LAA患者复发风险。     

Suboptimal medication adherence in Parkinson's disease.

Patients take less medication than prescribed in many disease areas but evidence for suboptimal therapy adherence in Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited. A single-center observational study of antiparkinsonian medication was undertaken using electronic monitoring (MEMS; Aardex, Zug, Switzerland) over 3 months. Of 68 patients approached, 6 declined and 8 dropped out, leaving 54 patients (taking 117 preparations) with available data. Poorer compliance was associated significantly with younger age, with taking more antiparkinsonian tablets per day, with higher depression scores, and with poorer quality of life. Of the 54 evaluable patients, 11 (20%) had average total compliance of under 80% (underusers) and 43 (80%) had average total compliance of over 80% (satisfactory adherence). Underusers had median total compliance of 65% (interquartile range, 37-74) versus 98% (interquartile range, 93-102) in the satisfactory adherence group. Timing compliance (number of doses taken in the correct time interval) was poor in both underusers (median, 11%; interquartile range, 2-20) and those with satisfactory adherence (median, 25%; interquartile range, 11-73). In conclusion, poorer compliance is associated with younger age, depression, and more tablets per day, and one-fifth of PD patients underuse medication. Consideration of drug therapy adherence has implications in the management of PD.